Middle class. Hope if it continues to be middle class how long of the crisis because middle class wants better, goods and services and expensive and that will, drive, that is driving politics more and more. The fact leaders have to address the concerns, discontent in the streets. I think that will drive the economy even more. There is a lag effect there. Doesnt matter where it comes from but they need better services. I said this before, it is not a matter anymore access to goods. There are 250 million cell phone lines in brazil for 200 Million People. It is matter of access to phones that actually work. The debate shifts from the goods to the services that makes those goods useful. I think that will be a key driver for Economic Growth going forward. That leads opening up with the economy with the debate that is happening. On the Prosecutors Office and constitution, i dont think the constitution is bad thing. There were excesses to some extent. In hindsight, the company came out after 21 years of dictatorship, i dont think this is just another corruption scandal. I think there are Lessons Learned. David institutional progress in brazil this time around. You have plea bargain deals and leniency deals in place that werent before. Anticorruption laws that bring it up to the ocd corruption standards. There is evolution there. The corrupt become more creative when there is more oversight. There is chance to rebalance the infrastructure and entitlements what he is trying to do, in a very tough moment but to finalize, looking at brazil, last 20 or 30 years to try to end on slightly positive note, usually reaction function in brazil when political an economic crisis deepen, reaction function of the Political Class tends to be more constructive. That may be slow sometimes incoherent but it tends to happen. Weve seen with the real plan and lula being elected and implementing course correction over two to three years we see that again. We complain it is not a very linear process. It is in that direction, right . So thats the Silver Lining since the return to democracy every single major split forces in brazil governed in the country through a cycle. None of them are calling for more radical policies. The worst of them all, depending on what kind of angle you have is the one we have in power right now. Brazilian politicians are practical people. They negotiate. The second thing, bob you mentioned i made a note of it, is that the ministerial public that cause the crisis. You said that and then you corrected later things that they revealed. What caused crisis in brazil was crimes committed against the public interest. That was the cause. What the minute tear public did first time review that to the public. That is what they should have done. I think it is very good. It is very, very painful. It is very sad to see all this happen but i am one of those that believe this is all positive and that we are going to learn lessons and come out all right with this. Brazil may be hard to predict easier to predict quality of analysis from the three of them and i want to thank the three of them and thank all of you for coming this morning. This is enlightening, not always upbeat but there are encouraging, a lot of encouraging, positive things as well. Stay tuned well have more coming on brazil and other issues. So thank you, enjoy the rest of your august. Thanks for coming. [applause] with congress in its august recess weve been showing you booktv in prime time on cspan2. Tonight its programs from our of a words series. Kirstin powers and her book, silencing. How the left is killing the free speech. After that Arthur Brooks is interviewed about his book, the conservative heart. Later, cornel west, editor of the radical king talks about Martin Luther kings political views. Watch booktv starts at 8 00 p. M. Eastern. Follow the cspan cities tour as we travel outside the washington beltway to communities across america. The idea behind the cities tour is to take the programing for htv, our hern History Television and booktv out on the road beyond the beltway to produce pieces that are a little bit more visual. To provide again a window into these cities that viewers wouldnt normally go to that have rich histories and rich literary scene as well. People already heard history of big cities like new york, l. A. , chicago. What about smaller ones like albany, new york . What is the history of them . Weve been over to 75 cities. We will have hit 95 cities in april of 2016. Most of our programing on cspan is event coverage. These are not event coverage type of pieces. Theyre shorter. They take you someplace. They take you to a home, a historic site. We partner with our cable affiliates to explore history and literary culture of various cities. The key entry into the city is the cable operator who contacts the city. In essence it is cable industry bringing us there. Theyre really looking for great characters. You really want your viewers to identify with these people that were talking about. It is an experiential type of program where were taking people on the road to places where they can touch things, see things and learn about, you know, it is not just the local history because a lot of the local history really plays into the national story. If somebody is watching this, should be enticing enough they can get the idea of the story but also feel as if this is just in our backyard. Lets go see it. We want viewers to get a answer, yeah, i know that place just from watching one of our pieces. The cspan mission as we do with all of our coverage bleeds into what we do out on the road. You have to communicate the message about this network in order to do this job. It has done the one thing we wanted it to do which is build relationships with the city and our Cable Partners and gather some great programing for American History tv and booktv. Watch the cities tour on the cspan networks to see where were going next, see our schedule at cspan. Org cities tour. A senate panel looking how technology can help Senior Citizens live independently longer. The Committee Heard about advances in Technology Like telehealth, electronic sensors and the use of medical alerts. Senator Susan Collins chairs this special aging committee hearing. This hearing will come to order. Good afternoon. This afternoons hearing will explore the potential of new technologies to help seniors age in place safely and to retain their independence. The u. S. Population is aging. According to Census Bureau projections, 21 of our population will be age 65 and older by the year 2040. That is up from just under 14 in 2012. Every day 10,000 baby boomers turn 65. As many as 90 of them have one or more Chronic Health conditions. Americans age 85 and older, our oldest old, are the Fastest Growing segment of our population. And this is the very population that is most at risk of multiple and interacting Health Problems that can lead to disability and the need for longterm care. At the very time that our population is growing older the need for care and support is increasing. The population of professional and infornal care givers is however declining. Today there are seven potential caregivers for each person over age 80. At the highest risk of requiring longterm care. By the year 2030, there will be four. And by 2050, the number drops to fewer than 3. As the consequence of the future, more and more people will have to rely on fewer and fewer caregivers. As people age, they naturally want to remain active and independent for as long as possible. Aging in place is the ability to live in ones own home and community safely, independently, and comfortably regardless of age or ability level. Surveys taken by aarp consistently reflect the fact that aging in place is the preferred option for seniors who want to continue living independently and avoiding Nursing Homes and other institutionalized care for as long as possible. Todays hearing will examine some of the recent advances in technology that are providing new options to allow seniors to remain in their homes longer, by monitoring their Health Status, detecting emergency situations such as debilitating falls and notifying families and Health Care Providers of potential changes in Health Status or emergencies. While it isnt a replacement for professional care or personal attention from Family Members, technology can help to bridge the care gap and extend the amount and length of time a person is able to live independently. Technology can also help to reduce isolation and enrich the lives of seniors by keeping them engaged and connected to their families and communities. We will also hear this afternoon about technologies that can make the lives of Family Caregivers easier by giving them the tools they need to support their loved ones as they age in place. Finally we will hear from the veterans administration, a real pioneer in telehealth, which has used technologies such as videoconferencing and smart monitors to reduce hospital admissions and to shorten hospital stays. This has resulted in lower costs and is also allowed some of our older veterans with Chronic Health conditions to live independently at home right where they want to be. Many of us are familiar with the decadesold and wellknown phrase, ive fallen and i cant get up. That phrase of course was an advertisement for a medical alert system. While many seniors still rely on this device, break throughs in modern technology have brought us a long, long way. Providing many new options for seniors and for their families. Technological solutions can be Cost Effective and tailored to meet the specific needs of a senior and his or her situation. Companies that develop these technologies are starting to realize, not only is there a growing need to design products that meet seniors needs, but also that there are many seniors who want technology and devices that look just like those used by younger generations. For example, this phone is an older generation device that is specifically designed for seniors to be easy to use. It has large numbers, for example. This new generation version of the phone is the start phone with still the same ease of use as the old version of the jitterbug phone but looks like the smartphones peoples children and grandchildren use. Much more important than its appearance, however, this new generation device also includes technologies that help seniors maintain their independence. For example, it has features to help with medication adherence, provide 24 7 access to medical emergency operators as well as an app that the Family Caregiver can download to keep them uptodate on their loved ones wellbeing. We will also explore the challenges posed by these technological advances such as privacy concerns and the unequal access to the internet that exists across our country. Before i turn to senator mccaskill for her opening statement, i want to give a special welcome today to dr. Carol concerns the Vice President for research at the university of maine. Dr. Kim oversees the universitys Successful Aging Initiative for living, or sail program. She traveled to washington to talk about maines aging and thriving in Place Movement that will benefit the development of new technologies, products and devices. I look forward to hearing not only from her but all of our witness this is afternoon. Senator mccaskill. Thank you, chairman collins. Helping our seniors remain in their communities and age with dignity is an important issue and a top priority of this committee. You have assembled a great panel today. Im looking forward to hearing about the exciting innovations that can help seniors and their families. There is a real disconnect between the number of seniors who say they want to stay in their homes, and communities, and number of seniors who end up having to move into nursing facilities. In fact a recent aarp study found that 87 of older adults would prefer to remain in the communities, in their own communities as they age. While it may not be possible for every person, depending on a number of factors to remain in their homes, for many of us, with the right supports it is possible. And it is preferable both in terms of quality of life and certainly for financial implications. Recent advances in technology are providing these new options for seniors and their families to allow them to remain at home longer by Monitoring Health status, detecting emergency situations and notifying Health Care Providers about changes in Health Status. These technologies can also make Family Members and caregivers life easier providing them with tools to support their loved ones and giving them peace of mind. This is really a winwin situation. Seniors much happier continuing normal routines and social activities where they feel comfortable, Family Members make sure their loved ones are safe and society as a whole benefits from significantly reduced health care and longterm costs. There are many assistive technologies already on the market. Home improvement stores, big boggs retailers and Telecommunications Companies sell versions of connected home citizens that can keep seniors secure in their homes. Developers are creating senior specific monitoring devices such as bed, toilet, pillbox sensors that can monitor activity within the home. Pillbox sensors are so simple in nature but can prevent tragic accidents, making sure seniors are not mixing medications or taking too many pills. Wearable devices are popular for track being physician physical activity or falses. Falls are leading cause of injuries in older adults with one out of three seniors falling each year. Some newer monitoring devices dont require push of a button. They detect a person falling using a meter. Technology is critical to the growth of telehealth and helpful for seniors who by using Telehealth Services can most of their health monitored from the comfort of their home, rather than a doctors office. These Innovative Technologies are being developed by researchers all across the country, one of whom is with us here today. Im so pleased and proud to introduce dr. Marjorie scubic. Dr. Skew big is the director of the technology at university of missouri. The center in partnership with americare created tiger place. Dr. Skubic and her team found a way to use radar and 3d sensors to monitors senior risk level for falls. I look forward to learning more about this and other emerging technologies from dr. Skubics testimony. There is concern about preserving privacy for seniors. Using webcams might have challenges. We want to assure privacy of seniors and their dignity using this technology. We also want to make sure that we are looking out for their safety. I know that ms. Sue utilized privately techniqueses using silhouettes on monitors that help ease privacy concerns of older adults. The challenge for those that develop these technologies to maximize sight with minimal invasion of privacy. Thank you to chairman collins and our witnesses taking time to be here today. I look forward to listening an learning from your testimony. Thank you very much. I want to know were joined by senator kaine, senator sass senator casey. Were pleased you can join us this afternoon. Well turn to our panel. Well first hear from laurie or love, orlov. Aging in Place Technology watch. I understand she also has the wisdom to have summer home in the state of maine on frey island. That for me cinches as far as inviting you to testify here today. Ive already introduce dr. Carol kim who is the Vice President for research at the university of of maine. Our next witness will be dr. Maureen mccarthy of the department of Veterans Affairs. She is the acting chief consultant for Telehealth Services. Will discuss the vas Telehealth Program which by many measures has been a success and has helped to reduce costs. Professor Marjorie Skubic from the university of missouri has been introduced by the committees Ranking Member. Finally i would like to welcome charles strict letter to todays hearing. Mr. Strict letter from knows abt of the scenes years that have desire to age in place. How he used technology to assist in the care of his mother and motherinlaw. So first we will start with miss orlov. Thank you, chairman collins, chairman mccaskill and [inaudible] i want to thank you for the opportunity to testify about the potential and requirement for Technology Innovation to help older adults age in place. As you have noted demographics make this Technology Market essential. These categories of enabling Technology Bill help make it feasible for older adults to meet their needs as they age. As we already noted nearly 90 of adults age 65 want to remain in their own home and today are actually remaining in their own homes. Successful aging has been described ability to do things for myself, feel safe and have good health. Aging in place therefore is the ability to successfully age in your home of choice. And aging in place products and Services Including