Evening. My name is ambassador holgate, dissociated at institute for International Science and Technology Policy here at the Elliott School, emphasis on the visit parker on that here very often but its a super treat to be here this evening to have a chance to introduce a true hero from our National Security community. Youve all seen his biography and the title for this evenings talk of a discussion on an intelligence career and its hard to imagine anyone more suited to the topic of a career in intelligence than mr. James clapper. And its a great treat to having here this evening. As you can see from his background, hes had over five years of experience in the Intelligence Community, in the military side, on display inside come inside and outside government, and overseas as well. Maybe its not listed in his bio but maybe someone and ask him a question today but is 2014 visit to north korea, to rescue a couple of americans who got caught up there. I first met mr. Clapper in the 1990s when i was a baby baby bureaucrat in the pentagon and he was head of the intelligence agency. I was i confess a little bit scared of him when i first encountered him, but my boss ash carter and the rest of the pentagon seven leadership held him in such high regard and respect that we were all grateful to have been part of the team. Most recently, i logged many hours with mr. Clapper in the white house situation room discussing north korea, ebola outbreaks, Syrian Chemical Weapons and the whole gamut of National Security issues. These were in the format of the Principals Committee meeting chaired by ambassador susan rice, and i was on the back bench. She was of course at the table and a summer you know because i know you do some roleplaying here, every principal Committee Meeting begins with an intelligence update. And so its almost like a rituas prayer, mr. Clapper would in town the latest update on whatever hard problem that was on the table that day. It has been my pleasure over my entire career to work with an incredible talent members of the Intelligence Community and in particular my last two at the white house to work with people who work directly with mr. Clapper. H mr. I know i speak for not only myself but for legions of intelligence professionals in noting the integrity and humanity with which he has led the Intelligence Community from his various roles. He truly personifies the term servant leader. Its a special honor to be able to introduce you tonight. The other thing that shows the humility of that is i did a little bit of surveying some of his former teammates, and they said a favorite saying of his is their job was to be down there in the engine room shoveling intel call. And so i am sure that we will have more than cold from the conversation that he offers us today and so it is my distinct honor coal to invite mr. James clapper to the podium. Thank you very much. [applause] thanks very much. Its a great to be here, and i first think i should pay tribute both to doctor holgate and as well the gentleman sitting to her right who im sure is known to many, chris. Chris and i worked together when chris served with great distinction as the chairman of whats called the National Intelligence council. If any of you are looking forol role models for public service, you only need to look right here at laura and chris. What i thought i would youtonigt tonight is, at a think i will try not to talk too long because what im really interested in is dialogue and questions anddi discussion. So i thought it would talk ofs some ruminations on the profession of intelligence. I do that by way of a commercial. Im writing a book, and [laughing] reflecting on the 50 plus yearsi or so i spent in the profession of intelligence. And so for the first time in a long time i had some time for contemplation. And so what i thought id share some of those ruminations with you, and hopefully if youre not already interested, at least consider public service, National Security, and i think more specifically im here to recruit for intelligence. And in doing so, just a couplele of lessons i learned along the way, and again ill just touch on some of these things and we can talk more about them into q a. My father was an Army Intelligence officer picky served in world war ii,n worl specifically a signal intelligence, you know, collecting any communications and breaking codes and that sort of thing. He served during world war ii and during the korean war, and then coincidentally, quite by ac accident, he and i served together in vietnam in 19 signified and 66. So in some ways i probably inherited the intelligence gene from him 1965. In fact, first time in my life i knew was going to be an Intelligence Officer i was about 12 years old. Old. It was 1953, and typically military families when youre moving from duty station to duty station, you move a lot in the i military, parents would drop the kids at the grandparents and go onto the next place, find a place to live, yet the house set up and then come back and retrieve the kids from the grandparents. Just stay out of the way. So in the summer of 1953 we had just returned from japan, the northernmost island of japan and were all the way to fort devens, massachusetts. So my parents drop isis turned me off at my grandparents in philadelphia. Of course grandkids love, going to the stuff because i have four grandkids, spoil them. The big thing was i could stay up as late as i wanted to watch television. Back in the day, back in 1953, television was still a novelty, not like it is now. So anyway, one of my favorite shows on friday night was the schmitz beer mystery hour. The usage of these old charlie chan movies. S. R i love them, you know, from the 30s. So after one night, when fighting, the first right i was there as a matter fact, i decided about 12 30 in thee tera morning i was going to surf. For all of you in this room, in those days when you serve to come you might actually go up tt the tv and turned the dial. I know thats a completely foreign concept, but thats the way it worked. And you only had like 13 channels, thats all. Lack and white, big huge television with vacuum tubes. Nothing like to have the flat screens and all that. Anyway, so im turning this dial between channel four and five and about halfway between those two channels i heard talking. Thats odd. So i just held the tv selector right there halfway between channel four and five and held for about 15 minutes and figured out it was the Philadelphia Police department dispatcher. [laughing] and it was really interesting to me because there were all kinds of mayhem going on in the city of philadelphia on, you know. It was really interesting. After a while it got tiresome, tiring holding the tv knob so i switched it to make sure i could get it back and then i ran into the kitchen and got some toothpicks and stuck them in the selector dial so it would stay on that one position. So i guess i hacked my grandparents blackandwhite tv set. [laughing] so anyway i started listening. It wishes interesting. I stayed up until 2 30, three in the morning. The next night was going to do the same thing. Th i got a map of the city of philadelphia and so i started plotting the police calls, you know, where they would dispatch cruisers and all this sort of thing. And it didnt take too long. Im doing this night after night, bear in mind. D. It did i can figure out where the high crime areas were in philadelphia and all the sort of thing. Then the police use these caned codes like 104, 106, and they had certain meanings. So i got a bunch of three by five cards and i start writing these down and when i kind ofth figured that out because you can figure out the context and to compromise and say what they really were, then i figured out that they had a call site allocation system where Police Cruisers in each district would have a unique set of call signs that they would call their cruiser. Weber was writing it. It also found out that the Police Officers and the greater good and above all had their personal call signs. So i had these card files set up, you know. Pretty soon just by the way they dispatched a police cruiser, i figured it what the Police District boundaries were in the city of philadelphia. So after about three weeks of this, i had a pretty good idea how to Philadelphia Police department works. [laughing] i did ruling know what i was doing. You seem a cool thing do. So my dad who spent his life in the signal intelligence business, he and my mom come back to pick up my sister lisa my dad says hey, what if you been doing . So i whip out my mouth. [laughing] with the Police District on it and the high crime areas. I whip out, i guess you call itl metadata today, but my three by five cards. 65 utica, i still remember the expression on my dads face. My god, ive raised my own replacement. [laughing]ed i tell that story, fortunately for humor, but also to make a ak serious point because it does illustrate even though i didnt know what i was doing. It does illustrate the nature of the work and intelligence where youre figuring out a problem we dont know all the facts. You have to draw inferences, you have to corroborate your hypothesis, test your theory, and then at some point in time you will come up with thats a a fact, thats a fact i can gogo with. Thats kind of what i did even though i didnt know. But anyway thats with a new eyes going be in intelligence. Anyways, fastforward, i enlisted in the Marine Corps Reserve in 1961, moved to air force, was commissioned, with the university of maryland, finished up in 1963 and was commissioned Second Lieutenant in the air force. I did 32 years in the air force, we moved 23 times in that 32 years. My last job in active duty was as director of dia for four years and a retired in 1995. I was out of government for six years but still working for the. Government, did the cold war towers investigation in 1986 which is what i really got religion about terrorism. We can talk about that if you want. Gilmore commission, commissioned by former governor jim gilmore of virginia on weapons of mass distraction. Sir donald s a confession is good Agency Advisory board for four years and i taught intelligence at the graduate level. Came back in 2001 specific duties after 9 11 as director of what was then called the National Imagery and Mapping Agency which is now director of the National Geospatial intelligence agency. Did that for almost five years, was out for a couple of months and bob gates who was then secretary of defense who had been the dci director of Central Intelligence when i was dia director asked me to come back and be the undersecretary of defense for intelligence which oversees all intelligence inches dod. The deal was only 19 months and then he got held over. He asked me to stanza 19 months turned and three and a half years. Then i thought i was done, and i was held one more time into serving dni and did that for six and a half years. And i stopped that on january 20 and i can tell you it is a great time to be a former. [laughing] with vietnam in 19 that was my work in south east asia, did two tours there, 65 and 66. I dont know how many of you may have seen at least some of the series, i think its on pbs, by ken burns on vietnam. And it is very well done, and having lived through that era, both the war itself and the aftermath of it, which was a very traumatic time for this country, so i really resonate with that series because i think it captured not only the facts, but the atmosphere of it as well. For me personally i was actually the worst year of my life, both personally and professionally. I hated the war. I became very disillusionedd about it. I briefed for a time general westmoreland was the commander there, and then i really got disillusioned. So i was all ready to get out of the air force as soon as they could after my tour was up, cair about this close, and for some reason somebody sort of plucked me out of anonymity and mentor to me. It was a couple of generalco officers that pick me out of the crowd for some reason, and that had huge, huge impact on my life and my career. I just mentioned that because, to emphasize the importance of mentoring. Well, i like anybody to mentor. Well, what i would commend to you and what i always tell people, then people in ourur agencies, that etc somebody that you think who is a role model for you, ask them to mentor you. Dont wait to be asked. There are no thinking senior, i dont care what their capacity, will turn you down because they are going to be so flattered and honored that you asked. Thats way to help yourself advance your career where ever you go. I just mentioned that very briefly because of the huge impact it had on me. Then i was back in actually texas for a while, went back, volunteered to go back for a second tour which in contrast to the first one was very, very, vy rewarding. I was flying Reconnaissance Missions on the backend of some old rickety c47 from world war ii, and commanded detachment at about 73 combat support missions, a great tour. So after my second tour in Southeast Asia which ended in june 1971 i was by the same, another mentor who planted me in the heady environs of the front office of National Good agency at fort meade maryland so i was at this point a young captain. I had about eight Years Service and i was working directly for turned out to be toothreestar officers, directors. They are both dead now so i canc talk about them, and i bring this up because the contrasting styles in their leadership. Le i served the last year working for then vice admiral who got his fourth start and went on to be the pacific combatante commander and then he was followed by air force threestar general, director of nsa it was only there a year, then he got his 4star and went on too another assignment in the air force. I bring this up just to mention the two contrasting leadershipip styles, and i recount this in the book because admiral kyler was a very demanding boss, very smart, but he was extreme, extreme hard on people. And what i watched happen, my vantage mellitus is at which meant i get discounted and tracked his papers and all that sort of thing. R so i had a lot of opportunities to observe. What i noticed is that the solution is effective, if youre very dictatorial, very demanding and very harsh with people. It is effective. People will do exactly the minimum and nothing else. And dont ever depend on, i watched this, too, people were afraid to convey bad news to the director because it did want to incur, they were afraid of incurring his wrath. He would fire people on the spot. So then the next director came in, admiral kyler left and general phillips came in and he was the exact opposite, thee, te antithesis 180 degrees off, very quiet, very introverted, very courteous with everyone, very gracious, and the impact was amazing to see the difference in the way people reacted to that. People would bring ideas to them. People were not afraid to tell him, this is screwed up. You need to do something about. They were not reluctant to do that. Both styles of leadership are effective. They both work. So fastforward 20 years, now im a threestar general and i have no director of intelligence agency, this case Defense Intelligence agency. What i try to do is remember that experience both positive and negative. And there are times when you do have to be tough with people, but by and large what i found in my 50 years in the intel business is people want to do the right thing. They want to do the mission. They want to do it well and they want to excel in it. You just have to create an environment where that can happen. Leadership and intelligence ultimately, and ultimately i guess is about motivating others to use their intellects. S to u thats one of the great things from a diversity standpoint about Intelligence Community. Its all about your brain. Does it matter what your ethnic group is, your gender, or sexual preference, none of that matters. S. Your mind is what counts in the Intelligence Community. And the interesting work that you have the opportunity to engage in. Anyways, i sort of consider thai the leadership laboratory. It will be in the book. Ll be [laughing] bubut i thought i would mentioni because in the context of leadership. Looking back i think the one factor that has changed the Intelligence Community, the thing that is change the Intelligence Community more than anything else looking back historically is technology. Its not, when we had almost like 9 11, yes, ive had an impact, reorganizations which i think are highly overrated, yeah, but what is really historically changed business of intelligence is technology. I say that in the context of adversary technology, what are the editors doing, and our own to cope with it. So just fastforward again on the most recent time, the six and half years a spin spent us director of National Intelligence, my focus was on integration of the community and that was the central message from the 9 11 commission which was convened, which chris served on, was convened to examine what happened and what went wrong in the 9 11 attacks. So one of the major recommendations that came out of the commission was their view that the nation needed a director of National Intelligence. Ec first, they called it the nid, a National Intelligence director. Acronyms are not very appealing, anyway, making up dni. The notion was to have someone as a fulltime responsibility t