Life to alexa, with light bulbs connected to firmware. My wife is not very happy with this, but i keep telling her, jen, it is Getting Better and better. Soon before you know it turning on the lights will be as easy as flipping a switch. [laughter] Household Items are the least important part of iot. Enterprise and industrial use will help us allocate resources more efficiently. There were two principal challenges well talk about. First is the network, which is what kind of infrastructure do we need to facilitate robust iot that need complete ubiquitous coverage but dont need to send videos to each other. Second, how do we secure the network. It is one thing for the terrorist to know that i need more ice cream, but its another when you talk about your self driving car or the electrical grid. We have a great panel today to discuss these issues. Again lets introduce them quickly and then we will go to discussion. Ralph alderfer, Vice President technology at cable outcome of Global Innovation and R D Consortium joins cablelabs from the sec, where he guided u. S. Wireless broadband policy of chief data officer of the Wireless Bureau and before they shoot communication policy at the White House Office of management and budget. Ashley durmer senior vice Senior Affairs for legato networks and is responsible or promoting a vision to provide nextgeneration connectivity using it bit inspector in a nextgeneration connectivity subduing his postoperative work of senator chris dodd and also the election of president barack obama and the 2004 reelection of senator tom daschle. Jerry faulhaber is Professor Emeritus of business economics and Public Policy and management at the work in school and previously served as chief economist at this fcc and Current Research includes wireless markets, public broadband publicpolicy markets, specter policy, Public Safety radio in the filesharing music operate, Net Neutrality and i. T. Security. The honorable darrell issa represents people of californias 49th Congressional District in the u. S. House of representatives since 2001. His Committee Memberships include the House Judiciary Committee where he serves as chairman of the subcommittee on intellectual property and the internet a lot with democratic suzy talabani with the internet of things his end he speaks to these issues not just as representative of a district, but also practitioner. He holds 37 patents founded an Electronics Company and also served as chairman of the Consumer Electronics association. David young is Vice President for his responsible for identifying and assessing emerging issues from a developing Internet Technology matters and assessing Key Technology dedication Industry Trends and also experience into experiencing to this topic was for ricin, r b group on advanced Technology Groups including vo ip, architecture and audio image compression and he has 10 patents and is also member of the ieee communications society, so it yes i did do a debate in high school. I can talk a lot faster than that if you want me to. So lets get started here the first thing i give a brief quick definition of iot. Rob, maybe you can expand. What am we mean when we talk about the internet of things. Sure, thanks to scott. Thanks for having me. Slusher to be here with the congressman and i congressman and making colleagues. Thank you for scheduling this panel before the space and time makes sense to seem a petty mission and the broader cosmological order. But i do have a quibble with the agenda little bit. You put iot after a. I. And i wouldve done it the other way around because the sensors and connected devices that are part of what i call iot are an input to the application that we think about when we think about a. I. And that term may mean sort of the narrow definition come in at the chennai super intelligence that will one day rule us all, but in the more sort of narrow verticals of application and transportation sector, health care and a number of other perfect areas of the economy. The easy answer to your question i think is the iot is everything connected and we can break that down into smaller and smaller categories, things like enterprise versus consumer, but maybe just to set the stage a little bit, useful to talk about aspects of life interesting. It is growing a lot. A big reason we are talking about it. If you look at the analyst forecasts out there and we all know analysts are never wrong, but the forecast is at least two times growth over the next five years or so in likely to be more than that versus estimates that differ on where we are starting from by some accounts we are at several billion already, others have a set 15, 10 billion or so. There is a lot and its poised to grow more and theres some skepticism around that as it is all just hype. I think there is some organic trendsetters sort of driving things in the direction of everything that should be connected, eventually becoming connected. Moores law driving down the cost and have the capability of devices that is generating a lot more things that produce data. We have advances in Data Analytics to make use of that data yet on the network we have ipv6 Network Bandwidth making more room for connected devices. And so, i think there is certainly science pointing the direction of growth. We just heard a lot in the prior panel in terms of the applications that can make use of all of this data. You know, saving lives, increasing productivity. But i think when you start to get into is this all what is the next layer below all of these highlevel trends, there are some challenges and is not to say they are insurmountable, but things are little more complicated than they might occur first blush. Some challenges our technology base. The first one is power consumption. As a think about billions of devices out there, a good number of them are not going to be plugged into the great all the time. They need Battery Power of some sort or the ability to generate their own power, so there is some tradeoff with their ability to communicate and Energy Consumption will dry certain consideration of iat going forward, tradeoffs of how you program devices out in the wild for her seven years, how do you keep them updated . Challenges in the market, interoperability is one of them we see right now are not all devices can talk to each other. Proprietary you need to pick before you really take advantage of some of these technological advances. Issues of trust, Consumer Trust and devices other challenges. I picked you up that are the most relevant for this room because they are horizontal challenges that are enablers are not a iot another spectrum and security. As you have these billions more devices come online with the the Wireless Resources to make sure they can perform their function and we need to make sure that as the number of devices grow, we dont see the number of tax grow linearly. You are the offending essay, so go ahead. Im done. Go for it. Okay, i just thought id maybe jump in here. Rob knows this stuff much better than i do. In fact, i meant the opposite end of the spectrum. Some months ago he called me up inside how would you like to give a paper on cybersecurity and the internet of things and i said i dont know a thing about that. I said i dont even have an internet of things in my house. I dont have a smart refrigerator. I thought wait a second, i have a smart tv. Most of us have a smart tv. I have to connect this to the wifi and its a thing. I thought okay, i dont have to worry about it too much. So then i was reading something that said its a sandstone. So, samsung tv have these things where you came gesture added. You can speak to it and it will follow your commands. Okay, i then read that it also sends that to a third party. Anything that appears it sends to a third party for analysis. Okay, now the next step is it also has a camera so that you can gesture to it but then again you dont have to use your remote. And then also sends out to a third party. Okay, now here is the kicker. The tvs in our bedroom, okay, so all of a sudden the internet of things [laughter] the internet of things hit home assume i do suspect in occasionally my wife and i have to move the tv out of the bedroom. So that is what the internet of things is. And that is kind of the other side of what rob was discussing. But that is what it means in practicing reality. [inaudible] [laughter] [inaudible] that is on youtube, right . Thats all i wanted to say. Privacy and security related privacy i see a big deal, but that also raises questions about what this infrastructure is all about. In this case apparently when you bought for video streaming. And ashley, how do your Companies Think about what the demand for this will be in the future and how to target investment . What is investment for an internet of things . Sure, so again, thank you for the opportunity to join this panel. When you think about the internet of things, usually think about the thing, the device itself. But it is really a system that is made up of different parts. The device is an important part. Another important part is the network that connects that devise to the internet or the backend systems in the third part that is important are those backend systems where the data is collected, where the analytics take place, where the control of the system occurs. Those three pieces are all very important. On the network side, there is no onesizefitsall. You know, we mentioned video streaming and ask him a wireless connections will be incredibly powerful for internet of things in a very low latency connections are going to be extremely enabling. But that is not the only option and its not the only requirement because not all internet of things applications require very high bandwidth upstream or downstream or very low latency. And so, youll see a diversity of networks and solutions for connecting these devices. For some their own broadband connection with wifi will be perfectly adequate. For others you will want to work anywhere you go, so youll want a very widely deployed Technology Like m1 lte that is specifically designed for internet of things and one of the things that makes it wellsuited for connect the device is is that allows for very low power operation as rob mentioned the importance of that. It also doesnt deliver the very high bandwidth, but again, for some applications it is not the most important thing. And then, you numb, for ultra ubiquitous connectivity, you may look to satellite. I agree with everything david just said. You know, when we bring it up to a higher level, when we think about what you [inaudible] what was that . Was that a pun . Achaea spec to. As david just articulated its lowend and spectrum. They all have different propagation characteristics, but really the network said the future are going to require each of those dynamics of those in order to provide means serve the diversity of applications that the iot will result in. We are focused on the enterprise side of the equation, which will require ultra reliability, high security and ubiquitous coverage, which is satellite, which satellite does provide. We are also strong believers as david mentioned in just being tax neutral. You know, historically youre a satellite company, cellular company, wifi, cyber. All the different applications could benefit from a mix of all of those technologies. Again, some of the missioncritical industrial internet of things will require a satellite for coverage for pervasive connectivity in and then for the ground systems to come in for the lower bandwidth applications. So, lets talk about the policy aspects of it. Congressman, this is a good place for you to weigh in. What do you see as the biggest policy impediments to developing an internet of things and what is Congress Role and how does your caucus work and so on. Well, the internet of things for policy individuals is we have to unwind the bad decisions of past policy decisions and that is not a small that is not intended to be joe kline. Its very, very sincere when you look at how weve allocated spectrum, how weve made decisions. I wont name names, but in the earlier conversations there is discussion about how we came up with the wifi, which today is the clear backbone of so many internet of things including the switches that your wife continues to be confronted with. You know, it was basically junk spectrum. Nobody wanted that they could throw for useless things. I shouldnt say useless because Baby Monitors were considered. Yes, the baby is going to cry and youre going to hear it in the next room on this lowpower device. It was the replacement for the other junk stuff because we had cb and these others although 32 megahertz is suddenly in again. You look at this history and you say okay, if youre going to start again and if i could put everyone in this room with fair not so hidden agendas in a room and say okay, what works for the people who arent in the room, which is your wife, the consumer and you say okay, what do we need to do . The first thing we need to do is recognize the technology of today is no longer bandwidth can find common meaning i make a product and they can do x amount of bandwidth with an antenna, that is pretty much passe. Very broad band products that can sense, listen before talking, operate in very diverse phase with different power consumption means that you can have devices that are much better than they once were, except of course as we look at it, where do you see it . You see a wifi, the newest wifi finally is the Mission Network that is somewhat intelligent, but does cover all be available day and then uses a third day on so its not going to make a decision about what you are doing on a band that was in fact jump band, but went to one that travels further when the cells, so when they cant talk to each other, they cant. Well, those are succeeding in spite of, if you will, history. Let me just quickly go through two things. I promise to run that i talked to before hand that it was going to talk about the shuffle being Artificial Intelligence device. Well, the switch that you are talking about that you are putting in for your lighting system is in fact in many ways a shovel because you can push on the button and it turns on and off. It is a little smarter when you hook it to your iphone and its even a little smarter, welltrained, maybe a welltrained dog when you tell alexa that you want to turn the light on that 50 on read if you have that feature. It is not yet we are not yet talking about Artificial Intelligence. Artificial intelligence is clearly the next step or continues to think of learning gets smarter smarter than anyone director of it. And so, all of that is going to be necessary and none of it particularly means government involvement, which is a good team. Youll innovate without it. Let me just bring you back to two closing items. When i was a young, young, young black, there were three things that came to my house and then one of six children, so we always debated which one i was related to. There is a post man, and no command and actually bred man in the each delivered to the house. You know, the milkman in the post man in the bred men are gone today. That doesnt exist, although amazon has sort of replaced it for both. The fact is at one time, the government made the decision that there is a universal delivery obligation, in other words, a service that was fair, essentially the service was free even if you paid for usage and that we make sure it hits every point on the planet. So, when the government is trying to decide about this essential new service, have we fallen short in three areas . One, 100 coverage of our entire country, even when its inconvenient, which the post office does. To come the real standardsetting, whether set by government or private enterprise in cooperation with government for true universal lowpower, midpower and obviously the question of proprietary highpower, the classic license phase. And that is where you see the question of are we care, have we really done that . Im going to close even though i saturday close to it. And then we get into cyberand on the questions of security and that is weaker than the question for today. Obviously we all have to work on in government does not ban or in the private sector doesnt have a perfect answer, and but my view is if you go back to the shovel, the go back to the milkman, mailman and the bred guy and asked the question of wait a second, and is there one universal guaranteed to every point in america and if not common is that the governments primary role is sort of ensuring universal access, which is not done just by licensing space comments got to be done by initiatives beyond that. Jerry, youve been thinking about the institutions that do and dont exist for iot, so how does what you just heard play into that . Congressman issa talked about unwinding bad policy decisions. Is this you . I can talk about unwinding bad policy but no once can a talk on a congressman to do it. After cybersecurity, let me mention first of all the Cybersecurity Issue associated with the internet of things. Its generally been perceived that the internet of things is a whole lot easier for actors to put viruses on. They tend to be unprotect head. Nobody who has them, like me, is paid any attention to them. And in fact, weve had at least two very serious tv os attacks, one of which was last october, a Company Called dying, which was running servers and therefore it took down a whole lot of people who use that server and that a Company Called inter the in september and the pr