Okay great thank you everyone for coming two major addendum to this event are the pizza in the back and booktv is part of cspan is with us tonight thank you for being here. As well we will have a q and a after the event just so you know, we have a audience mic ill be passing arranged if they can hold a question until they receive a mic so we can hear each other as it were. And then also if everyone could put their devices to silent mode or off that would be great so we have any interruptions during the event joan one of them apparently, and then just by way of introduction social psychologist is enroll leading experts on unconscience mind in 170 publication and 2014 received scientific contribution award from American Psychology Association and he was on the faculty here at nyu from 1981 to 2003, and is currently faculty at yale university. This is actually before you know it launch event, and publication date is tomorrow o. So if you want to pick up a copy ahead of time registers are at the very best and well be closing at 7 30 but until then, dr. John everybody. Thank you very much. Thank you to bookstore for hosting this this is a really Perfect Place for this to happen. At nyu where i started fresh out of the midwest, i was a disk jockey in high school an college for most of the 1970s, there you go great mustache, from there from the midwest and the lakes of Northern Michigan and family cottage, coming right to moshings that was a bit of a shock and then being in nyu starting in the 80s yeah i know. That was a lock time ago right this was taken last week so [laughter] but but to be from that kind of a background and then to come to new york city as it still is you know this teaming with crazy noise and people and something not crazy people but so much going on at once and i remember being on the street here in Washington Place just a couple of blocks from here. And wondering how in the world do people do it . How yipght know i could do it how do i handle all of this and railingsing that only way you cant handle it through your conscience attention you cant handle it by thinking because it is just too much and we must have ways to deal with it that help us out thats why i got the idea that unconscience influences in our life are not because of some dark secret second mind that is hidden away for unconscience at all baa its a matter of where our attention is so limited and we have to pox on somethings theres so much else going on a lot of us slip through that influences us most the time in daily life so this is 40 years of research of the of the new scientific and systemic way looking at the unconscience influences on our life how we think and teal and do. And in everyday life its not the unconscience of a level and evil twin in living inside of our head at all its a very adaptive helpful system that that survive Natural Selection right so its in our favor and we can make use of it especially if we with know whats going on we can make use of it. Theres a disconnect between all of that going on in our minds and focused on present so we think the way we feel and the reasons what for what we do is right there in front of us because thats where our attention is right in the present but our mind is also in the path and of the future and thats all going on inside but we only think whats going on in influencing us is whats right there in the present and thats the big disconnect and thats the source of the influences so thats how the book before you know it is organized and theres one who localize unconscience in inside, insided head instead of being by evil spirit people who had Mental Illnesses had a physical problem this was a medicalization of Mental Illness but a separate unconscience mind. She did not believe this was true of everybody that they have a level selfdestructive mind going on but freud did he did from mentally ill from people with problems, to everyday normal human functioning for everybody and thats not what were talking about in the last 40 year of research which is on basic randomly selected human beings not people with problem, abnormal schedule this is how the talk is organized and sort of how the book is organize od, and i know i have, you know, maybe 20 minutes so ill hit the highlights theres a lot more in the book theres a lot of study and real life demonstration, applications, therapies of faking it out into the real world and so stores and Grocery Stores and normal settings of everyday life not just neuroscience social network malice, lots of different kinds of analysis of studies. But this was sort of how it is organize od from thes as, future within and jump right into influences to come from the fairly deep evolutionary path of course we dont have any memory of that. Something we were born with that was innate and what are influences were born with just basic motivation for survival for safety, to avoid disease, reproduction and mating and bonging and cooperating with each other and we have those sort of factory equip we have those at birth were not aware of them and were not necessarily aware of how they operate but its interesting because these deep roots are in our evolutionary path influence us in surprising ways and abstract kind of thoughts, with for example, as well see in our Political Attitudes our attitudes towards immigration and being conservative or liberal based on things like physical safety and avoidance it is a current event. We hear our leaders talking about being disgusted. We hear them talk about having putting a barrier and boundaries and kicking people out just bairvegly like a disease of a body we have to get rid of. We have to e eradicate to protet ourselves from the virus coming into our body and metaphor by leaders for hundreds of years that immigrants are like bacteria or the outcast groups of society or like viruses or germs that need to be eradicated up to save the body politics. So what we did here in these studies of very simple. Is to take advantage of a flu epidemic 2010 or 2011 the h1n1 and asked them about the flu virus that raise threat of the flu that was deadly and dangerous and attitudes towards immigration. Sort of a main part of the study and this was a nationwide sample and also people at Yale College Students at the dining hall. And it turned out that everwards we asked them if theyve been vaccinated or not and what happened is if we had raised idea of the flu and hay hasnt been attitudes towards immigration became more negative they were more against immigration if you raise the flu virus unsystemically related and you raise flu virus and those attitudes become more negative if they hadnt been vaccinated if theyve been vaccinated you found that u up at the end their attitude to xraition become more positive. So now theres no threat. The feeling of physical safety is underlying of political safety or feelings towards immigration, and a immigrants and we do the same thing with having them wash their hands with Hand Sanitizer only thing if you raise idea of the flu and give a chance to wash their hands with sanitizer their at to dos towards immigration become more positive. So when you hear a lot of this talk about disgust and immigration being disgusting and so forth, and unfortunately were talking about people, you know, and using a metaphor of people being like germ or viruses it is a powerful one and speaks to a very deep need for actual safety and very important one and questions are at end. So hes a germaphobe. Exactly. Hes a germaphobe. [inaudible conversations] i think its a perfect illustration of that study theres a question and answer period, okay, thank you. So we have conservative bairvegly having more of a concern for physical safety than liberal. Theres lots of rrnlg on this. Children who are age 4 or more afraid of something fear provoking stiming plus and having more of a reaction or more conservative than attitude 20 years later at age 23 size of the human process of fear and e Emotional Center is larger than those in licials and studies going back ten years underlying issue here is the physical safety. So a lot of them make them feel afraid and they become more conservative it is known for a long time but no one has ever meads, turned a conservative into a liberal before so what we did in a studies up at yale is to have people imagine being totally physically safe and genie gives you a superpower to fly what most people prefer, or o its to be invulnerable to harm like you fall downstairs nothing bad happen hads a bullet would bounce off of you you cut yourself, and this is very rich and imagination of having the superpower. So then we see is on gay rights or samesex marriage or marijuana use, or whatever you have it. The standard attitudes that differentiates clearly especially in our society, and we look in the different conditions if they just imagine themselves if they were able to fly or to be invulnerable to harm what you see is in the fly condition had is the control condition, no change you get the standard conservative are are more conservative than liberal which is no big surprise but they become more liberal and a difference is much less if they just imagine themselves to be physically safe. And further study we asked the very direct question as it captures the essence of being conservative which is resistance to social change. And if you ask that question under same kind of manipulation now you basically turn conservative into liberal if theyve just imagined themselves being physically safe from harm, now their social attitude become more liberal and liberals arent affected. Okay these are democrats and republicanses in terms of who they voted for in the last election. You have bairvegly change their social attitude and turned conservative into liberals for the first time. By making them feel physically safe so the point is, these roots of the tree had in the revolutionary needs for physical safety and disease and so forth manifest themselves in ab tract social attitudes in other ways. Theres other o aspect of the past, and if youre a parent you know a lot of things happen in the first three or four years of life. And were not aware of them we have Early Childhood amnesia we dont have memories before age four or age three, and you know hardly anything before that. But a lot of things happen had to us during those years. A lot of experiences happen to us. But we with dont have memory for them and influence us without knowing why were a certain way. This is my daughter long time ago now shes 11 but back then she was a fan of Lightning Mcqueen with loved car movie and sat in a chair and rode around the house in Lightning Mcqueen chair and car is beat up she watched this movie 60 times every night she wanted to see this movie years go by now shes five or six. I say you know she wants to watch a movie how about cars we havent seen cars for a while whats cars . She has no memory of it. What are you talking about the chair youre sitting in is cars she has absolutely no memory of ever seeing this movie before and we watch it that night im watch withing her shes surprised at the things that are surprising and laugh at the jokes like shes never seen this movie before but seen it 50 or o 60 times and thought she was Lightning Mcqueen saw a red corvette thats where she saw it all of the time. But she had no memory of it so what is going on early in life . Very important things your attachment to your parents whether your parents are there for you at age one whether their when weather you feel you can trust them to be there or o feel they have your back on theyre wave out for you in all of that. That can be measured at a age one. And predict outcome later in life like how many friends you have in high school. How long your relationships last in your 20s. And this is at age one when it is measured longitude studies are showing that thats something we dont have memory of not that much memory of what was going on early in life and yet it has this dramatic effect later. So thats a recents past. What we have with is a feeling of warm a physical warmth being held close during breastfeeding or being held close by the parent early in life and have that with this idea physical warmth. This is another kind of physical experience, feeling physical coldness or o physical warmth and having it effect us to make us feel people are warm and trustworthy or not. Theyll betray us and they wont be so studies show this link between again, physical experiences of warmth or coldness and cold or warm experiences if you same part of the brain in human is active when you touch something warm as when youre texting to your family and friends. The same part of the brain is like the two things are connected. Same thing happens with cold experiences. If you touch something cold, its same part that is active that part with small part of the brain is when someone betrays you in economics game when they keep autoof the money you gave them instead of giving you your share that kind of they betray your trust. Theres lots of studies now showing this, in fact showing that your body temperature tracks how how warm you feel towards your family and Friends Hospital studies measuring bodies temperature, and having you rate how close you are to your family and friends they track together. Daily diary studies where people write how warm or cold they feel at the moment and also a record of the kind of generous and prosocial things they did that day they also go up and down together and your physical temperature is relate ared to your social temperature so a connection of like physical experiences connecting to the to your influencing you without your knowing it, your social warmth and social coldness. Even therapies are being developed people who feel isolated and lonely giving them heat treatments and showing two weeks later a market improvement in how in how happy they are and how good they feel about the relations with other people like family and friends so it is wail being used now in therapy so we have known this in a way right. You know, but warm fire plays in the winter time or warm cup of coffee when they greet you when they come into your house or office. But even dante knew this and i was watching a documentary on hell had is something i like to do on the Discovery Channel and documentary on hell who was featuring donte and i was windchilling yeah, and announcer was saying and heres the ninth level worst level right you know, murderers are on search and lawyers are on five and this is nine. This is down nine with satan with a frozen lake this is where the coldhearted are punished betray others and judas but betrayed dante himself and had him executed chewed on by seitan but in middle of hell this is worth punishment and others this will be frozen in ice. From the great poet remember fits the crime so it has been arranged for 1,000 years or soso weve known this this our culture so these are deep roots that influence us in normal everyday poppingsings feeling good or bad or cold towards people and feeling political attitude this kind of thing influenced by deep roots, and so were moving now as fast as we can to the present. And influences going on in the present again with all of this going on how do we deal with it and manage to to do the right thing in social situations and one thing we do naturally is to intimidate each other to mimic each other we know that school is fish and birds school is fish and flock of angt lope and flock and herds of antelope move this as one, and recently has been discoveredded in cats although im skeptical about this having three cats of my own but it whats in people and infants who are natural imitator and soak up and intimidate what adults and their fellow boys and girls are doing around them, and really soaking this up with age two or three by inti at a timing by what others are doing. We studied that here at nyu tonia and i basically a study of how people physically imitate physical behaviors crossing arm, shaking your nervously and cross leg and that kind of thing showing people do that naturally without realizing theyre doing it and someone shaking their foot youll do it more and hands behind all of these things people do it more and again without realizing theyre doing it that was nice. In real life showing antia social kind of behaviors are manifest in graffiti people are more likely to litter if theres grandfather tee like on the right side more likely to take a pamphlet to throw it on the floor ands not throw it away so antisocial behavior is contagious and what you see it what you do. When that regard social Network Analysis sews obesity, happiness, depression, cooperation, all of those spread through social network. So that if someone three steps from you is o obese depressed youll be obese yourself even though you dont know them because connection is u through somebody else you both know maybe three or four steps removed. And these are large scale social networks of aloom nigh association for people in a credit union or bank and online online shows in a big way these things lap on facebook three days so hood of somebody you read will influence you and make you have a mood three days later. One moral of the story is take a life hack be careful whoa your facebook friends are because these things spread and most of us let everybody you know if we know them be our friend who cares right but youre going to get their feed and their post, and their behavior their moods and so forth are contagious so we dont have to have everybody in the world emp though you know people we dont know as our friends because were definitely opening ourselves to these kinds of influences were all very much connected in the present to what everybody else is doing to their moods and to their behavior. Theres a real downside what have you see is and what you do thats through ads this this isg study that kill out last year request 1,000 teenage drinkers sample teenagers 13 to 19 who drink alcohol and sometimes they drink a lot but underage drinkers of the more tv alcohol ads they watch, the more they drink. And big effect and a lot of the time theyre watching things with parents for example afternoon sports like nfl gails or whatever. Theyre watching and lots of lots of beer and rum and other kinds of alcohol ads. Its specific more kind of alcohol ad they watch the her they actually drink and it raises it three or four times. So people on cnn correspondent who is run stories they know longer watch games live with their kids they record them and then play them back and zip over the comerls because they realize the effect that these ads are having but often kiss watch whatever they want and not realizing maybe the effect of well just merely watching these ad