The country. Cspan is brought to you by your cable or satellite provider. Host and this week on the communicators, more of our visit to las vegas and the Consumer Electronics show which is one of the largest trade shows in the world, about 200,000 people come every year to see it. About 47 Million People visit vegas on a regular basis. So heres more from ces. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] host so, adelyn zhou is, what do you do for a living . Guest i am the chief operating officer of topbots focused on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. We help executives, one, figure out what this Artificial Intelligence is, this technology, and two, how to actually use it and apply it within their businesses. Host and ive been asking everybody this, how do you define Artificial Intelligence . Guest its a great question. I think we define it as using computers or technology to reach human or even beyond human levels of ability whether its automating different processes or different or parts of our lives. Host give an example. Guest oh, theres so many. I mean, you can have Artificial Intelligence in something as simple as your music playlist or your netflix queue, those are all technologies using Machine Learning to figure out what movies you like to watch and what music you like to listen to. It can be in your email internet system and filtering out spam. Its not a person there marking things spam or not, but a computer algorithm using technologies like deep learning within a. I. To do that. And then on the other end, you can have Artificial Intelligence powering selfdriving cars, right . Autonomous driving uses vision and Machine Learning to help a car navigate city streets. Or my favorites and one of the areas most people are excited about is health care and using Artificial Intelligence to help doctors better diagnose different skin diseases or peoples potential chance of getting heart disease. Host so, adelyn zhou, can that Artificial Intelligence teach itself, can it go beyond what humans are capable of . Guest not yet. So in our book, applied Artificial Intelligence, we actually spend two chapters helping people understand what a. I. Is. Its one of the most commonly misunderstood things, and in the media right now theres so much actually fake news around what Artificial Intelligence is doing and do. So when you think about a. I. , its a spectrum of automation. So as a really basic area, you have really simple what we call rulebased systems. Theyre like if you are [inaudible] say, peter, you say is, a, and, you know, i will respond with b. Its just automation, its not really a. I. , on the other spectrum is what we call artificial general intelligence. So thats where you hear about robots being smarter than humans, having superlevel intelligence capabilities. Were not there yet. We are kind of somewhere in the middle where Artificial Intelligence is being able to create, create music, create pictures, things like that on its own as well as a. I. Thats being able to learn. So starting to learn things, but its definitely not there and cant have a conversation with, like, you or i can have and jump from, say, talking about source one minute and then talking about the news and talking about process my the next. Philosophy the next. Host saw one of the Robotics Companies here with a big sign that said, sorry, but we cant take over for you. [laughter] was that do people feel uncomfortable with a. I. . Guest i think theres a large, a mix of unknown. A lot of people are not first, a lot of people dont even know what a. I. Is, and we work with a lot of the leading, like, clevel executives, the major companies, and this is kind of this nebulous thing. What is a. I. , its a catchall. What exactly people dont know. And when people dont know what it is, it becomes really hard for them, right . And you start or getting scared. Hollywood, the movie industry doesnt do us any, like, help by turning out movies like terminator and the worlds going to come to an end. Were definitely not there, and we have many years to go. The exact number of years varies. If you ask any expert, its anywhere from 30 to 50 or more years to reach that kind of terminator level. If at all. Host who founded topbots . Guest we founded topbots with two of my colleagues, maria and marlene. Host and how did you fund yourself . Guest we decided to actually be a real business, and so we fund ourselves with clients. And so we invested initially our own capital, but from then we decided that the best proof of a girl business is getting repeat clients and client work. So were using that. Host the best of what kind of business . Guest the best kind of business for us. Wed been in venture businesses, but we wanted to be in real business host and its three women. Guest three women. Its kind of unusual. Host whats the reception out in silicon valleysome weve heard a lot in the news about silicon valley. Guest yeah. Well, the three of us have been in technology for most of us in our careers. I think for us, were used to it. Even at ces, jumping on the plane coming here, it was 80 men, right . Things like that. You kind of just get used to it. You form partnerships with other women and men who are very supportive of women, and you try to do the best work and be recognized for your work. Host now, adelyn zhou, you mentioned the book you coauthored, its called applied Artificial Intelligence. Whats the theme . Guest its how do you actually use a. I. Today in your business. So what we found is theres so much misconception, people dont actually know how do i use this technology and make my business grow. And so what weve found is you have really technical books that are so technical that you and i, most people would not be able to comprehend. And then you have books that are thinking, hey, what will happen when the robots take over or what happens, you know, with super intelligence. But for a business leader, theres no real handbook on how do apply a. I. To my business today, framework and how to i as a Business Executive focus on something maybe other than quarterly returns and focus on investing in technologies that will revolutionize and change our company . Host okay. Were going to put you on the spot here. We come to you, cspan is a media company, help us use a. I. Guest yes. Host what do you tell us in. Guest theres so many opportunities for you guys. So first of all, we look at where do you have like, one, what are your core streakics, right . Strategics, right . What are you trying to achieve with a. I. . Theres no point in just using technology for technology if you dont have a problem that youre trying to solve or purpose that youre trying to reach. And so if youre trying to, for example, say reach more customers and you want to understand how do i do that, that would be a marketing and sales question. And so theres a lot of opportunities in that space. So first you would look at you can use a. I. To better find the type of customers, or in your case the viewers that would be really receptive to your programming. It could be looking finding correlations among different audience bases and finding out, oh, even though this person isnt a diehard political junkie yet, he has these potentials based on these other interests that he he might like it or she might like it. And use a. I. , thats one way to find the audience. Another way is you can create, for example, ann alexa skill or a facebook chatbot. You might use it to deliver news to your constituents so they can chat with a Virtual Assistant be like, hey, you know, what was the latest bill thats being put out to vote. And this automatic, you know, intelligent agent can say, oh, this bill has this type of probability of being vote on, these are the other things that you should keep in mind. So think of like as a companion or advice or help viewers understand whats happening in the government right now. Host so how much does that advice not cost me . [laughter] guest it can be super simple. There are, like, products you can use outside like plug and play, and if you have the Technology Behind sometimes it can even be free. Its your time, right . Your Technology Time cost. Or you can spend a lot of money doing a high integrated system, but i dont think cost it depends on your skills. Its just like any other technology. It can be anywhere from a couple thousand dollars to, like, millions. Really depends on what youre trying to do. Host ad lin saw whats your biggest concern or whats the biggest drawback, in your view, of a. I. . Guest i think my biggest concern actually right now, and you talked about it, is the lack of diversity and the inputs into creating these intelligent systems. So fundamentally, Machine Learning is based on using a lot of data. So they look at day and find data and find correlations and, you know, find to help figure out and create kind of their output. But if youre underlying data is faulty or if you collect the data in the wrong way, then you can have biased outcomes. Another and then also if the algorithms that you use are not robust and are, you know, skewed or biased in certain ways, then your outcomes can also be incorrect. So an example would be in the judicial system is, right . They are now starting to use Artificial Intelligence to determine whether someone should have a fiveyear or tenyear sentencing. And theyre using that and giving it to the judge, and the judge is looking at it to help make a criminal sentence. But if the data powering the likeliness of that candidate or that person to [inaudible] the recidivism rate is based on faulty information of saying a persons ethnicity or gender or age is more likely to repeat the crime, then the output of that would be an incorrect or faulty or biased number. And so is a person who maybe shouldnt have been given a tenyear sentence, you know, should only have been a fiveyear sentence got a tenyear sentence instead. So it really depends on the people who are creating the algorithms and the data thats there, thats collected is not biased so you take into account all the different nuances of our, you know, everyday lyes. Host what about privacy . Guest privacy. I think its interesting because it changes the cost internationally. In europe, right, they have very different privacy rules, and in china its like everything goes. I think for us we as individuals do need to take it into consideration how much private information we are putting out there. I think a lot all our data is being captured and collected, and these days data is considered the new currency within mainstream learning. And so is i think we should be careful and guard it, we should also be cognizant and circumspect of Different Companies that are using our data and asking for the day and seeing that theyre using it in a right, moral, potentially justified way. Host do you feel that the data protections that were offered today are in the Regulatory Framework should be stronger, weaker . Do you have an opinion on that . Guest i think its hard to say. As a i think it really depends on the American Public and what we want. I think the thing is even if you have prior stronger regulations, people never read the fine print. And people are willing to give up their information for convenience. And so even with higher regulation, i think it is very difficult if the public doesnt really care and theyre, like, i want convenience in exchange for my data. But i definitely think there should be rules and regulations in place to make sure that the data is protected, that its not its being safeguarded, its not, you know, being hacked, not being used because our data is becoming our fingerprint, and its our individual identities, and is so we do need to protect that. Host do you find especially in the c suite where maybe an older generation, do you find different attitudes towards technology than you to with the Younger Generation . Guest i think with the c suite they dont necessarily understand a. I. , but i think most people we talk to might be a selfselected bias too, theyre all really, really interested, and they do want to figure out how their business can use these technologies. I think they realize that with google and amazon and all these Different Companies the that their company in order to stay afloat, it needs to embody these technologies. The problem they have is that they have Quarterly Financial goals that they need to hit and yet at the same time theyre trying to invest. And so they constantly have this, i guess, dilemma because some of these investments in a. I. Might not happen and might not drive through your quarterly returns for another quarter or couple equators and, therefore couple quarters, and therefore its hard for them to make those decisions. Host youre a harvard mba, a harvard undergrad. Is this a veer off more you . Talking about Artificial Intelligence . Guest ive always been interested in how Technology Impacts our lives. Ive been start of startups and tech firms my entire career, so for me, this is just the next phase. What i love and what gets me up is helping people understand how these fundamental technologies can be used and applied in our lives today. And so for me, im trying to translate between the soup iser Technical Work super Technical Work thats happening by great academics and try to make it accessible to the everyday Business Leaders so that we can use the technology and improve our businesses. Host as someone in this business, what kind of technology do you use regularly, and how do you safeguard your own privacy . Guest well, first, i have a sticker on my camera on my computer, i highly recommend people host something that simple and low tech. Guest yes. A lot of times you see very easily hackers can access your camera remotely. The light might not turn on. Even mark zucker wurg and even zuckerberg and even the pope on his ipad have a sticker host the one facing you. Guest the one facing you, yes. So on the privacy side there. But in terms of just making our everyday lives easier, one thing that a lot of people are starting to use is actually [inaudible] so if you love texting your friends and family, its actually so much easier to use speech to text, and the technology, the a. I. To do natural language transcription, translation has gotten so good that sometimes, you know, you can use that to text people instead. So that can be something simple that you can try and use a. I. In a way to do that. On the work front, i mean, we use different processes to automate our system, you know, when we work with clients, things like that. So we use different technologies within that. Host do you find when you work with nontechnology companies that the understanding level is a little lower . Guest absolutely. I think that it is a gradual prodepression, and people profession, and people are getting smarter about these technologies. If youre not interacting with out every day, youre like where do i even start. And that was kind of the fundamental goal with writing this book, to help give people an access point, a way to start to really understand people who are not necessarily swimming in Technology Every day to understand what is a. I. And what are the ways that it can impact their lives and their businesses. Host so applied Artificial Intelligence can be read by the general reader . Guest yes, definitely. Host go ahead . Guest oh, no, definitely for the general reader and hopefully itll have tangible frameworks and strategies that they can actually use it. Host adelyn zhou, thank you for your time. Guest thank you very much. Host and this is Consumer Electronics show in las vegas. More from our visit coming up. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [background sounds] host where were you raised . Guest i was raised in oregon. [inaudible conversations] host now on the communicators, we want to introduce you to deepu talla who works for a Company Called nvidia. Mr. Talla, what is n vid ya . Guest you know, we are called the a. I. Computing company. We started 25 years ago in 1993, started as a graphics and gaming company. So if youre a gamer, a pc gamer, theres over 200 million that are on the nvidia platform now. And ten years ago gaming technology, whats called a gpu. Gpu is graphics processing unit. The difference between a gpu and a cpu which is what powers all of our computers, central processing unit, is that a cpu is a [inaudible] a gpu is a [inaudible] so basically many things in [inaudible] cpus typically have one processer, gpu you typically have thousands of processers, so its running many, many, many processes at the same time. So we use that gpu, and basically, you know, ten years ago we started expanding beyond traditional pc gaming into many High Performance computing models. For example, i dont know if you know, almost all of the top 500 green work [inaudible] and the in the last two years weve gone into many different markets, selfdriving cars [inaudible] and youve probably seen a lot of the modern a. I. Revolution thats happening. We are, you know, right smack in the middle of that a. I. Revolution. Host so whats the generic definition of Artificial Intelligence, and whats your definition . Guest yeah. I think Artificial Intelligence, theres many ways to look at it. The way i look attar official in