Theater at the National Archives. I am chief of the archives. And that is just a fancy way that we run a lot of the public spaces on the other side of the building. He sends his regrets that he could not be here but his presence was needed at another one of the facilities. I will gladly steal his signature line and say welcome to my house. Im pleased you could join us whether you are here in this room today were here to listen to christian be keller. The Great PartnershipStonewall Jackson and the fate of the confederacy. He became the director of the military history program. With the american civil war. In the germans nativism ethnicity and civil war memory. In the inter induction to the book. They relate clearly and concisely several things including the value of this book the four doors with the text itself. As an archivist. With the interpretive value. And the reliability of source material particularly confederate related sources. Versus poorest postwar sources. This military history takes you through a chronological telling of a relationship between this military history takes you through a chronological telling of a relationship between after the battle of chance. He also provided what i would describe as the bonus chapter. In appendix that provides insight on leadership from the partnership between lee and jackson. You can tell where he teaches before we hear from dr. Keller about his new book on thursday august 8 at noon Douglas Waller will print sent a lecture. The secret war to save the nation they will describe the exploit exploit please visit our website for more information about National Programs and activities without further ado please join me in welcoming dr. Christian keller to the stage. Good afternoon everyone thank you for the introduction i would like to think also, mastic doug swanson in the staff who are running the art of in the audiovisual component even very helpful and i cannot have done it without you. I would also like to think back at the Army War College one of our departmental tax without whom i cannot have put this presentation together shout out to tamika back home and all of the staff in the department of national security. I spent many hours working in the National Archives previously to come back in this particular way is quite gratifying. Im very happy to be here. As a heads up to how i will proceed. Im going to read for a while and provide some background to the book into my feces that trevor mentioned and we will break into the slideshow. He will get two different presentation styles each mimic in many ways the two different presentation styles that i utilize. I would just like to say my words are my own and do not necessarily represent the thoughts for official policy. The Late Afternoon sun may 10 1863 was warm and pleasant filtering through the young trees of the well. In creating a quote of light bright and dark spots. They focused on the young struggling to unfold itself in life there it landed on up burned corpse. Spring have come to Central Virginia but so have the war shattered rifles. Broken canteens and even the jagged remains of the drum. Down with a small group of men were galloping full speed towards fredericksburg. Desmond have just been at the home of Thomas Coleman chandler who lived in a small hamlet on the richmond railroad. All that sunday they waited outside a small frame house on his estate and prayed for the man lying on the net bed inside offering supplication almighty that he may be spared and returned to duty. The have not been answered just the day before the ailing leader his friend from his bedside to the army headquarters. His mission was to conduct sunday morning worship of the truth as usual lacey preferred to stay but jackson insisted. The spiritual welfare of the men was paramount regardless of what happened to him. The chap dutifully five. Of hundred soldiers 100 soldiers and their Army Commander robert e lee. The great victory had been achieved primarily by jacksons attack on may 2 and now at the height of his military success leaves faced the possibility that his most trusted lieutenant and advisor might soon leave his side. We ask lacey to quote my regards and say to him he has lots of left arm but i my right arm. That was three days ago when jackson has amputated arm healed nicely. A secondary infection pneumonia. And now despite for prayer lacey had to to his commanding general of the year. The normally stoic league lee was surprised and visibly shaken at the turn of events and visibly shaken at the turn of events in general jackson would recover before the church service. God will not take him from us. Now that we need him so much. His faith and his subordinates recovery seemingly strengthened by the chaplain sermon lee approached him afterward and said i trust you will find him better. Tell him i prayed for him last night as i never prayed before. Lacey saw through them. You could say no more insight of the troops they turned away with overpowering emotion. The horses fatigued. They rained in at the headquarters about 5 00 and half enhanced approach in what Immediate Reaction he may have exhibited is unknown. But the response from the soldiers in the ranks was immediate. The sounds of merriment right away as what if the angel of death himself had flapped his muffled rings wings over the troops. Mournful, stifling and oppressive as a funeral pull to send it over the camps. The veterans of the seven days some of whom had even fought with jackson in the valley cried like a baby. In a simple message. It becomes my calling duty to announce to you the death of general jackson began. He continued for a few brief sentences that described the transfer of the body to the capital and then abruptly ended the wire. The next day he issued general order number 61 to the army and attempt to the grief pain over it, but the messages tone of no doubt that he was still in shock. The daring skill and energy of the great good soldier, by decree of an old wise providence are now lost to us, but while we mourn his death, we feel his spirit still lives and will inspire the whole army with his and indomitable courage and unbroken confidence in god as our hope and our strength. Let officers and soldiers and delete his determination to do everything in the defense of our beloved country. Having newly erected the bold public front for the benefit of others, privately the Army Commander cannot check his emotions when he attempted to speak about jackson to william in pendleton, that same day he broke down in tears and had to excuse himself, the strong religious faith the help cement the bond between lee and jackson godly comfort in the great despair and he wished the entire army to know its effects. Yet his prayers, those of countless others have not seen jackson and his death left a great void, one with strategic consequences for the cause lee dependent. Privately he confided to his s son, it is a terrible loss, i do not know how to replace him. On may 11, president Jefferson David reinforced with a simple telegram from richmond. A National Calamity has befallen us. Faith would helpfully move forward personally but the death of jackson was a professionally mortal blow from which the confederate chief in the confederacy would never recover. At the heart of this book are for historical feces, forced trade first the team was successful because it is rooted in personal friendship underpinned by trust and shared religious faith. Initially, the personal relationship was weak, longdistance, and tentative and was drained by jacksons poor showing during the seven day battle in richmond in june 1862. But by the end of the winter of 1863, it had grown into a powerful bond that cemented the strong professional relationship, even enhancing it. Second, it was within the unique relationship that the most successful element of confederate strategy in the Eastern Theater, first germinated were implemented and will jacksons death permanently stay need. Jackson in essence became his chief advisor as well as his preferred operational lieutenant. Lee intern was Jefferson Davis primary source of strategic advice and a well substantiated literature. Third, jackson was itself, a strategic level leader, a general who thought early in the war about how to win it for the confederacy, offering numerous suggestions to lee, the president and others that rank higher than its own and even dabbled in policymaking through his relationship with congressman. And fourth, with Stonewall Jacksons death following the campaign, in 1863, the confederacy suffered a strategic inflection point, a contingency that held momentum implications for the future of the young nation. Spanning all for historical arguments is a larger observation that has significant for Business Leaders today and in the future. The command relationship, chief leader and chief advisor is supremely important, especially at the highest level of responsibility. Because it is within the boundaries of the association that that strategic ideas, the one that when wars and save corporations princes, are created. Every senior leader, needs a trustworthy advisor or group of trusted advocates, without relationship is founded on personal friendship or religious faith, it is strengthen when it is absent or broken, the implications can be great. In war, whether modern or historical, there are theoretically several levels of command and leadership, each of which affects the others. Occasionally events occur that witness a conflation of the levels of war, what is the nexus point. Tactical actions for instance they determine operational outcomes which in turn might strongly affect theater strategy or national strategy. And for those who may be confused at this point, i will show you slides that will clarify their shortly. The history of the civil war all the levels of war were aptly just as they are today and although its participants they not have used the same as modern practitioners, they implicitly understood the different layers of command and control and had at least a common sense of understanding of how the interactive. As in modern war, however, the confederacy Senior Leaders made mistakes, sometimes using the levels together accidentally or applying ideas and concepts workable at one level to another. This is due in part to the weak theoretical education they received at west point in the military theory at the time which was instant angel flux. With important works such as on war, not yet translated into english. We should not alter him for their heirs however. The leaders of both the union and the confederacy made the decisions that they thought best, based on what they knew at the time combined with their personal experiences, personalities and command structures. Much as we still do today. By the winter of 1862 63, the Eastern Theater of operations, the states of the confederacy east of appellation amount were critical theater for hopes for national independence. If the war was to be one, it needed to occur in that theater and that meant the Union Principal field army, the army of the potomac would have to be decisively defeated. Robert lee had tried would jacksons assistance throughout the spring, summer and fall of 1862 to affect the very result, but several good opportunities alluded him, civil war armies were notoriously difficult to destroy in the field, a reality that lee and his command team, ultimately consisting of jackson, james, and james brown painfully came to understand, time and again, during the 70s before and after, and fredericksburg, they had realized the challenges in transforming tactica tactical, operational victories into strategic ones. Each of these successful campaigns lee jackson discussions both private and in consultation with the other leaders molded confederate theater strategy attempting to remedy the significant problem. Jacksons early strategic thoughts in late 1861 into the spring of 1862, about reading the north and bringing a hard war to the enemy were not only wise counsel for lee, and then as davises military advisor in general in chief, but also reflected the strategic reality facing the confederacy, the loss of much of tennessee, the Mississippi River valley, and Northern Arkansas by mid1862 meant that recovery in the Western Entrance mississippi theaters was unlikely. There the confederacy could only hope to delay the inevitable but in the east the war could feasibly still be brought to a successful conclusion and you then. Opinions focused on the east and could be more influenced by the battlefield. Union morale could be directly affected by damaging graves and danger for the political and future elections. In manufacturing centers, you could be so disruptive, thereby undermining federal logistical power. Jacksons correspondence with lee before he left the Shenandoah Valley between what became known as the Peninsula Campaign for the seven days in june 1862 revealed a strategically for with thinking mind, one that quickly made its mark on the future commander of the army of Northern Virginia and influence the operational thought, the remainder of the war. But lees personal preferences combined with the contingencies of the political arena, he had operated. Managing the ones the primary eastern army. It meant that he could not immediately, unconditionally accept his thoughts. Obviously the union army dictated many of his actions, loyal and frank, jackson first endeared himself to lead as a military professional who can effortlessly follow his intent and achieve operational objectives, sometimes late but never failing the general earned lees respect for his performance in the cedar run, and Sharpsburg Campaign and ensuring his lackluster performance in the seven days was viewed as an anomaly. Even then however, he began to confer regularly with lee and started the process of building personal trust. That trust in turn was buoyed by issue devotion to evangelical protestants on. Although approaching their christianity on different perspectives, jacksons unswerving adherence to gods laws and spreading of the gospel among his troops made a strong impression upon the deeply religiously who by the winter of 1862 1863 was attending worship this with jackson. Tucker lacey, an old friend of jacksons brother by the general to serve as a chaplain in the spiritual reforms that they walked together were instrumental to the development of the religious bond between lee and his subordinate. This connection in turn strengthen what it become a strong personal friendship during the winter encampment outside of fredericksburg. By the time there was no campi camping, jackson had superseded james long street as lees primary lieutenant and along with stuart was integral in helping the commander general achieve victory over the federals against long odds. Yet, fickle chance intervened in the woods of the night of may 2, 1863 as it had so many times before and against lee in previous campaigns shot accidentally by his own men. Stonewall was dropped twice from the litter carrying him to the rear and surviving the amputation of his left arm succumbed to pneumonia ten days later. It was a personally crushing blow for lee who lost not only a man who become a close friend but also his chief Strategic Advisor and battlefield operator. The damage done to the confederate war effort was perceived by the confederacy from Jefferson Davis all the way down to common citizens in texas and even little children. Regardless of postwar confederates who attempted to use his death as a lost cause excuse for rubble defeat, his sudden demise was a strategic turning point in the war and recognized as such at the time. This reality became clear in the ensuing Pennsylvania Campaign when it was apparent that jacksons absence left a gaping hole in lees command team and badly impaired. Tragic cascade of secondary effects impacted the results of operation and insured the failure of these new theater strategy with ease. That in turn hasten the final defeat of the confederacy so at this time, im going to turn to some slides and i will hopefully answer questions that you may have in your head after hearing this introduction and i will give you a brief primer on classical military theory which is infused throughout the book and serves as a fundamental basis for much of my analysis of the lee jackson relationship up at the top you see carl which whom i mentioned and his principal fundamental theory the continuation of policy by other means really directs in many ways, the actions of both lee and jackson in their attempt to win the war for the confederacy in the Eastern Theater both lee and jackson understood that with little act and in turn influences a policy and politicians and political decisions and hence my argument that lee was constantly trying to win the victories that could make the northern were all suffer the point that northern people would doubt the ability of the union to persevere in a context. In jackson very much agreed with him in this regard and also a bit more aggressive and wanted to bring hard work into the north which would punish the people of the north for attempting to subdue the rebellion. That there with a red stool in it, it illustrates one of the fundamental strategic theories that we teach at the college, and representing objectives and strategy, ways to the concept or the message employed to reach those ends and means other resources that are employed in the ways to reach the ends in many ways the waves are considered strategies that connect the resources in a workable way to achieve that and of a strategic operation. Below that you see, the elements of national power, the instruments of national power, the diplomatic informational later in economic at the Army War College and other Senior Service colleges might use other acron