Food and that have the relationships of universities and it doesnt mean there arent other Companies Like salesforce or huber that are doing Amazing Things for through these Nine Companies the entire ecosystem touches them in addition to all the things i just mentioned they are building the framework and the silicone chips. All roads lead to these Nine Companies on the challenge that i have is the case the Artificial Intelligence is not just bill to create better microwave although that school to optimize our lives using data as current see what does it mean when we relegate that to a handful of companies and those working at these companies . That dont look like us and dont have the same worldviews as us what are the longerterm downstream implications . Three of those companies are in china. They are publicly traded companies but have lived in china and anybody who watches china knows that publicly traded companies are still under the thumb of beijing so there is no escape if you are an incredibly successful ceo so to be in lockstep with the Chinese Government and that matters because china currently has a brilliant person at the helm. President xi is very smart. A very effective leader and a very good longterm plan are. China has a culture of longterm planning. If you go through history looking at their initiatives and five year plans to see how it never amounted to anything but these are different this time because we ever person power and that really understand technology so you probably heard of the belgian road initiative. This seems like the Infrastructure Initiative to build bridges and roads in exchange for that diplomacy all around the world the silk road route deep into latin america and africa. But what most people dont realize, this isnt just building physical bridges or roads so 58 countries are part of the digital side they get chinese 5g. Also with the social credit court one score system. If you are at an intersection and you jaywalk which is illegal smart camera on cameras will recognize who you are. You could have your face covered or be obscured but the system is very smart they can recognize you by gait, posture , how you are walking. If you cause the infraction your face is thrown up on the digital billboard at the intersection along with your name and where you work that is transmitted to your employers, your family members come if you have done it more than once maybe you are told to report to a local report precinct to the local police precinct. You can be knocked down a couple of notches as a citizen you can do good things and get good work maybe get a few points up. A program intended to be national that has not yet rolled out nationally maybe you say thats china. I live there so thats very interesting but who cares. Let me tell you why this matters to you. First of all this system already has seven. 5 Million People from buying airplane tickets more than 17 million last year could not fly. Five. 5million couldnt buy a train ticket and really great jobs and their scores were too low and as a result were disqualified from ascending to management positions these are just ethnic minorities to be discriminated against this is huge social control that may be say to yourself may be a talking microwave i dont know why this matters to me so if that is the case it is aligning itself with these countries around the world, many are economically vulnerable for any number of reasons because of Climate Change with authoritarian leaders the social credit score system is a good option to keep the populace and control in china is already exporting this to various different places. This matters because while we are facts on dash fixated on future wars and missiles in the sky will we have forgotten to look at is what happens if china wages and economic war that blocks us out or forces us on terms we dont like or understand . And we have reshaped the world in a new world order the militaristic threat to become a formidable global threat to all of us. That is china. With the antagonistic relationship a transactional relationship on good days but that antagonistic between the valley and dc so it winds up happening the valley does what it once until somebody gets upset and then they apologize over and over again. Until one day you have somebody like Elizabeth Warren starts demanding they are broken up. You cannot break them up. And then to do that strategy but this is when remember it was broken up into baby bell . These companies have multiple divisions and are intertwined and complicated and then to define science and with that Education System and technology then who will build out the future of ai so you cant just break these apart it doesnt work that way in the process of arguing back and forth in the process they are competing against each other rather than collaborating so it that sets up one sets us up inch by inch, little by little the permissions are taken away. I longer have the ability with the radio on full volume somebody in a small group and a small tribe decided they would optimize my best and healthiest life i was probably unsafe like you are even though weve never been in a car accident i no longer have control over the volume in my car. That seems insignificant but it is a compounding effect over time. We are all part of the process that is unfolding in slow motion you heard the analogy of the frog in the pot with overtime boiling i dont want to be the dead frog in the pot i know that sounds like hyperbole but there are so many things that are happening we have turned a blind eye to that at some point and there is no switch in a Single Person in charge. And with that leadership of the issue President Trump signed the executive order on Artificial Intelligence is not selfexecuting. We do not have a singular department in charge or Institutional Knowledge throughout the federal government but they are not in the right places we have incredibly smart people that want to do good by and for society and with market demands so let me be clear i think those big Nine Companies or the edgy mafia i dont think they are evil little think they intend to harm but they got themselves into a situation where the system is broken. When i joined the company i was 25. And the commentator its incredibly hard thing to do to run a company many have independence i do not envy anyone and then to self select in that position if you are lucky. And really at the same time they are learning how to be a ceo. And the reason i dont name executives because i feel that behavior institutionally is individually was more of a result of a structural position rather than individual failure and that call but tory narrative and framework. And not to be coy or to offer a puzzle. But what i think is a common leadership style than with the Business Model and then to illustrate this add another reading i feel like i go to these with my own book like im the American Girl doll. Here i am with my book. [laughter] so someone came up to me that had read my book how early members of my team and the manager asked for the five smartest people that you know . Write their names down. So why dont they work here . One of them was Abraham Lincoln . And there are so many other things to do. And then graduate school. Of they are smart and talented i dont know my purpose in life. And then with that idea and with that economic value. Yes. I totally get that. And that i should have one line answer. And then she said the same thing happened to my company but another who works in texted me to say this was deja vu for me. Because i was also to write down the names of the people that i know a totally different company. There is something that happens that of the intellectual culture of which i call anti intellectuals. And with those Business Advice that you have a ten of money and accountability and a ton of responsibility to the employees so they read the blog post. And then get to set the tone for the rest of the company and who the smart people they are and then to say well pay you five or 8000 per recruit. I tried so hard to recruit those that were the smartest people that i know. [laughter] you can speak to this as well maybe have seen this in that investigation of hoover huber. It is available at this bookstore and i think that Company Culture is shaped by the Business Model and of that Venture Capital with that prior to relations bead and scale with that libertarian spirit that has been incubating for 25 years. And you get this weird cultural product and that has that reiterated of complex. And were on cspan . [laughter] so i am wondering and what you take with you . Generally to think about reading from a lot of tech folks. And then to question that. But i guess we are wondering. And then to appreciate that you take that away from you. And then to be ambivalence there is a lot that know if youre my thirties if i would go back and appreciate i happen to be the right age and right yearnings to be the ideal and yes in my twenties and when that mattered. And not knowing anyone. So what i admired and appreciated is the camaraderie and commitment to a common project or collective project if you will. I like that people have for a little while but thats also part of the problem that dont have that authority. And should be necessary in like that gross autonomy to replicate of that structure that exist externally. And i think that and i really did enjoy it and that culture. Some of that is detached mockery i dont know if you can relate. They might be wrong but then to see if they are doing good for the world and to trust them so what is missing for that individual i dont know if you can legally answer this question but do you feel like someone . That it went not exist if we didnt have this crazy culture but should uber exist . That shouldnt exist and if you dont. Are you trying to extrapolate . [laughter] and with those incentives. And that to be forgiving with someone like that . And then to boil down how this works. And with that revenue. And for most companies and now its just baked into how this works but i also think the people who are already on the face like the incumbents are protected and im not saying this is wrong theres reasons for doing this stuff. Not to go back on my own argument that people are in the same structural position and not ass holes. Do you have to be a jerk . So that will be called online and offline platform services. And with that same mechanism and the api interface to put out a request for somebody to pick up the food and deliver it to this address participating in that exchange what is picked up and delivered executing a payment and scheduling so that portion of the work is automated but that delivery to deliver the food as part of the equation we are considering but are they aware to see those folks if we said content moderation i think anybody would have known what i was talking about. So we all know content moderation is providing another service but importantly the people and that are performing very important service. So to focus on the business startups and the services anybody that would see. And with that might be familiar many of these have Artificial Intelligence innovation with that data set. But increasingly to see the number of jobs is actually quite hard to nail that we would just keep a person with those Service Requests so any time you go on to a website it is a mixture of script and a person assisting you. And the person who was doing something on the spot. And with those points of reference that come to mind this is not new there is continuity here so itll just be moment and that might look like piecework or manufacturing a knockout a shirt but for quite some time it is a matter of decades and thats important thing to take away and that makes it possible for textiles in some cases but also the reality and then to be too sophisticated for a textile missionary to consume through automation and then a person was kept around. And so those that are the most you could at the time to serve as computers its the people not the machines then the need for them and dazzles confrontational experts and then to be let go and then to have unemployment to see these women as viable simply because with that idea of what it was to value work and also particular bodies embodied in the profession when white men of privilege had very specific roles to play so they seemed expendable of not playing by the rules. So by the 19 sixties and pointing to the beautiful book to the economy quite literally brokered on the id valuing as a resource because they are collegeeducated and a gray office girl. And also expendable. Keeping that moving by the time we get to the 1980s through two thousands with the our sharing of knowledge, it becomes much harder to make the case people are doing something precisely its also by workers in the united states. It becomes much more obvious it is arbitrage, find cheap labor thats just as educated as anyone. And i also with my colleagues the settlement of the case against microsoft or that involved microsoft so what do you do in the case of employmen employment . That is necessary for a period of time that is project drive driven, somebody with that specific expertise coding expertise and you will not need them for more than 12 months or 12 weeks or 12 days. And what you have to value that worker. So post 2000 Silicon Valley and 2001 and then to be settled without case law. And not necessary and then we come up with and the settlement to treat Contract Labor and beyond that 12 month contract to say unemployed and the benefits come with unemployment and it is an argument and a historical trajectory that it is setting in place of laws around labor protection with that valuable work that it cant be automated without much projection that would one day become a target of automation. And beyond the touch of automation and that is with the growth of the Service Industry that serves peoples request for need than the need to build something. Mary that is completely done with software printed at the time we paid quite a bit of money and you will pay a bit of money to build this website. There was my first work is a 1099 pretty so keep that in mind as you thinking about can be automated and what is in the work of an remaining the creative or complex communication that goes beyond automation. That is really in question. What is it that will be constantly on the horizon. And requires human touch. Elise for some amount of time and we can see going into a career predict and how we need and distributed the work is not the most obviously from an anthropologist. We often had to figure out where to begin pretty and we have more businesses this case studies where we identify groups of workers with these companies to show us the inside of their blackbox printed how how did they organize this work printed what does the workflow look like. And the companies that really stand in this world of the mechanisms they can both build out like Artificial Intelligence but also keep in the loop loop. It. Deputy chief Technology Officer for new york city, she spoke kramer books, in washington dc. About the power dynamic between Big Tech Companies and governments around the world. I think the best way to describe is to talk about how i came upon the idea to write this book in first place. So the look in 2015, there were a number of terrorist attacks across france. And in november of 2015, large terrorist attacks which over hundred 30 people and it was found out after the fact that a lot of these attacks were carried on to organize on the social media. So social media Companies Really got involved in working with these agencies to try to figure out how to stop the corporation of terrorism on platforms and how we keep them from organizing them and attacks like these on these platforms. It was kind of a rough start in the beginning. One of the people who was responsible for the attacks was captured about six months later. Despite the fact that human actively on facebook for the entire time. So there wasnt a lot of cooperation between governments and Tech Companies at the time. A few days later, facebook, google, youtube, amazon and a few others, came together for a global forum to talk about how to fight terrorism. This is something that was really organized by the ticking industry and for the Tech Industry. So again, a lot of cooperation with the government pretty cisco forward a few months. We saw a series of hurricanes in the u. S. Her can maria it american and wiped out cell phone coverage printed and they really did not show up. Initiative, tesla. They came forward to rebuild their electric grid. Will showed up with project which provided internet and telecommunication coverage. At this time, i thought okay, what is going on with the Tech Industry. Theyre not just making spreadsheets and calendars and apps but theyre getting involved in areas that are outside of the core mission. And used to be the sole responsibility of the government. With diplomacy, counterterrorism, infrastructure building, and i thought there has to be some better way to talk about them. They seem to have a role to play in geopolitics. So the problem was the nonstate actor term which kind of had already involved to beat the bad guy. Soy study where the stern happened. [inaudible]. And are simply some people think of Tech Companies is a bad guy. So it looked into this research and is recently in 2010, the dictionary defines actors as for examples like the un and nato. So even than they were not considered terrorists predict and it was sometime around 2012 or 2013, he started seeing the stern are term used as qaeda. And eventually, the names printed so the nonstate actor was taken with bad guys. And clearly these