Transcripts For CSPAN2 Interpreting 20240704 : vimarsana.com

Thank you pastor keaton, thank you, pastor keaton, ms. Keaton, members of morris brown ame for welcoming us here tonight and particularly that choir we could listen to you all night. Fortunately well have another chance so thank you. Thank you all and welcome everyone. It is so nice toll be back an opportunityve to discuss things that matter in this community and discuss how we can make them better. I want to thank, i hope you had the opportunity to get some of the food that was served up outside by them firster of all, morris brown member Reggie Simmons cooking up a lot of the sides. And then we had Benjamin Carnell come down here from South Carolina. He is so committed to what the forum needs and what it is doing hes a lawyer in South Carolina and county counsel and eddie drove down here and cooked the chicken and the sausage for us, and he didnt just cook it. He donated his time at donated all that food, and that is a commitment to the community and we thank you so much, my friend. I want to think of other people while wepe get started, make sue i get these sponsors right. Dominion energy, bellhop foundation, the joanna foundation, federal bar foundation, marion marvel Bradley Anderson and hardy also a law firm if you couldnt tell. South carolina ports authority, the boeing company, the patrick family foundation, lynn pagliaro, boomtown and, of course, the connor law firm. Some other brief thanks to our dedicated board members. Obviously it takes some effort and a lot of planning to do the things we do at the forum and particularly glauconitic like we are doing this evening. Why inn particular if i can call your attention to is chair of our committee, both for, Professor Emeritus and dean of social sciences at the citadel who is the diligent architect of the program youre here for tonight, so thank you both. And others, you see a lot of people from mp strategy around to really make the event happen, amanda, abigail, megan, and any other volunteers, thank you all for doing that. A couple housekeepings items you may know that were welcoming cspan here tonight. We are certainly happy to have them. Please remember to turn off your cell phones or silence of them here and if, when youre seated we really encourage you to stay seated until the intermission if youre able to, and that will just allow for easier filming for everybody. But it is, again, great to get back here together thank you to pastor manning and his continued stewardship, stewardship of the Charleston Forum and our relationship with Mother Emmanuel Church and the commemoration activities every june. Next week it will have been seven years since the hate crimes committed at mother emmanuel. And it seems like a long time ago. It does, but weve had constant reminders along the way including the killing of george lloyd, the victims in buffalo recently. We still got a long way to go. And it is the purpose to get us there, to get us there as a community and as a model for the nation. And thats why we bring people together we tried to bring different perspectives and forge a common, forge solutions out of that common understanding, we we can move forward together. The forum as you may know focuses on four social pillars really, education, economics, policing and criminal justice, and what were here for tonight, what we call the future of the past. And whatss interesting is our surveys have revealed, in the past couple of years you may have seen the surveys. They are available on our fancy new website for you to review you can get everyone to agree on goals for education, for treatingry People Fairly by law enforcement. You can agree on all of these goals in these areas but what really still is a division are these issues that seem less practical but certainly more emotional eddie divide for our society, and that is these issues of the future of the past. And so we want to bring everyone together and have an understanding of why only 36 people in the tricounty area think that our government is handling controversial statues and monuments the correct way. We want to find out ways to get there to where we can all appreciate that all reasonable people in the locality believe that we handled it the right way, at least in an acceptable way. We couldnt have better guides for our journey to find the correct way to do things that are panelists tonight. One click richard, our second panel of Public Officials will have two two faces with us e not in your program should be familiar to you, councilman and reverend after delivering kai middleton will step into one spot, to let people couldnt be with us because of personal issues. And city councilman ross appel will be here in the other spot. And wein certainly, you can understand they are not only good Public Officials because they are ready and willing to do this but they are engaged enough to be able to do that on short notice. So thanks to them round out our second panel tonight. But starting withni the first panel, i would like them to come join you on stage if you would. Moderator extraordinaire for the forum John Simpkins who is heading the mdc currently which is creating an economic and equitable infrastructure across the south. Next to him we have dr. Walter edgar who everyone im sure he knows is a preeminent history of South Carolina, but notnt only that, one of the first founders, Founding Trustees of the international africanamerican museum which of course is a nice segue over to doctor Tonya Matthews who was steering our international africanamerican museum to educate the world about these issues starting in january this coming year here ad we are thrilled to have dr. Blaine roberts back with us, a Charleston Forum alum and the coauthor of the awardwinning book of these very issues about a very Community Called denmarks garden. Down at the end we have mike allen who is an awardwinning historian with the National Park service who has dedicated so many years to these very issues in our community, and i thank them so much for joining us. John. Thank you. Thanks, brian. Good evening,ng everybody. Good evening. As a former friend what i can tell you im very happy to be at morris brown ame church, even with the little bit of feedback. And its going to be a pleasure to lead you all through a conversation today will will be talked about a book history, how we remember the past which passed we choose remember and what choice do we make in doing so. Evan going to allow my colleagues up here on the pedal to introduce themselves in one way by responding to probably the easiest question you get today, which is, how do you enter this conversation about public history in the low country and in South Carolina . Where are you as you enter this conversation . Dr. Edgar. As of right now ive tried to do with it over the past 40 years, its been an evolving process both personally and obviously with communities and certainly with historical organizations as they make what we talked about south, historical society, things have changed and change rather dramatically. My late friend Charles Joyner when the state great historians, and avenue i want to make sure i get him, his quotation correct. In 1994, he said, speaking of South Carolina, as a community, i know that we have come a long way since 1960. For some of you all that may be ancient history, but those of us born in the 40s it was not ancient history. We have come a long way. Some have dragged their feet all theee way, but they have. Some say theres been no progress, but they have forgotten when we started. Some would stop here for they cannot see how far we still have to go. And what my friend chaz said in 1994 i l think is still true today. We did start somewhere along time ago. We have come away, but we still have awe way to go. So i think i can do this in an interesting way, even though i am now stewarding the international africanamerican museum as its ceo, most days i feel as if im coming into the space as a member of the general public. My background is inn engineerin. My liberal arts lean is into poetry and so i come into this space on sort of a constant and continual learning curve here and now i jump into the space as i have been as a public historian. But i do still have that fascination with these stories that surprise or chagrin that im just hearing the story, the amazement that other people dont know the story. And thinking about, to your point, what should be the inspiration behind talk about how far we have come. One of the reasons we resist that conversation is because of the fear that someone will say, far enough. And so i think that that gets in the way withth the fact that ife have come this far, clearly whatever is ahead on the journey is something we have been prepared for. And i think that what we also see are the shadows of an unreckoning or a nonrecognition. If you do not reckon with the past come with these stories garlic may be moving along but you are still dragging some stuff behind with you. That apparently it has wheels and a motor so it will catch up to wherever you are i think eventually, and soev as i think about public history which is about how to apply history to modern questions and conversations, im always struck at how much easier some of the conversations i find myself in would be if we already do the earlier story. And then what does it take to get people space for what i call a courageous curiosity to admit whatge is unknown, to slow down, go back, pick it up just a little bit, and then have a conversation about what happened last week or last month or seven years ago. I blain roberts, and i lived here in charleston from 20052007, and so i kind of come into this conversation as a nonnative charlestonian he was here and i was troubled. We went out a lot of tours of charleston when we lived here, my husband and i, who is over there in ther audience, and we were very disturbed by some of the things that we heard of these historical tours that we went on when we were here. We did not hear much about the black experience at all. We didnt hear anything about slavery or segregation. We heard nothing about africanamerican accomplishments, and so the two of us became very interested in why the Tourism Industry develop the way that it did. So i think my perspective then comes from deciding to figure out how that happened, why that happened, and immersing myself in the historical archives really for the better part of a decade all over town, the south, historical society, the special collections at the college of charleston, the Avery Research center, and really digging through the records to figure out why certain charlestonians were only telling parts of the story, and ignoringll admin significant part of the citys history. So thats kind of where im coming from, and effort to really understand the deep history of the narratives that emerged in charleston. Good evening. My name is michael allen. I retired from the National Park service peer into your question, ironically, 42 years ago this very week i began my journey with the National Park service, of all places in American Experience, fort sumter. That first week or two of actually being there in many respects sort of put me on the pathway for me sitting here this afternoon. Why will i say that . Because within the first week or two of me working at this transitional place in american, American Experience, i was peppered with such questions as i are you here . And what didid you as a person f color, a black man, have to do with the story of fort sumter and the American Civil War . And beyond c that, perhaps what version of the civil war will you be telling us . So as a youngster 42 years ago i had to do just that. But one day while walking through fort sumter i said maybe i should walk through here as a tourist, not as an employee. So the first thing i did is i went in to you as you i would do into the gift shop. I begin looking in the gift shop at the various titles the books that were being presented and sold to the traveling public, and as you said, i did not see myself in the bookshelf. So the next thing i did, i walked and took a look around into museum of. Ium mean, thats where we come o get the information of where we are. Well again i did not see myself in the museum. There was a voice in my head saying welcome this museum was built in 1961 for then i begin to listen to my fellow employees sharing a storyry and the journy of the site as well and i was not in their narratives. 42 years ago i came to the conclusion, either i was out of place working at this transitional place in American History, or the agency which i workke for 437 and a half years, the National Park service, perhaps was out of touch. Not believe that i was out of place, so from those conversations 42 years ago and the journey that i have been on and have worked with many of you are sitting in this audience, in many respects, i could say perhaps have changed the narrative in some way. Does that mean we have reached the Promised Land . No. But i believe today that we are in a better place in our interpretation that when i i stepped on the dusty soil rock area of fort sumter. Because i can look your nc dr. Matthews and the director of the international africanamerican museum and realizing some of the conversation i hadad to have 42 years ago allows her to sit here today. We all, ifll you did not know, r sit in the Culture Heritage corridor which stresses entered stretches always moving to north, and all the way down to st. Augustine, florida. Perhaps could have conversations 42 years ago that would not be your reality. So i come at this from a personal perspective from my experience, the opportunity and the Partnership Relationships that allowed me to be a part of this change but that i believe we still have a few miles yet to go. Thank you for that because you reference dr. Edgars earlier comments about when he quoted about how far we have come and how far we still need to go, when in here all four of you respond to that broad question, the notion of narratives and the creation of narratives, who tells the story, certainly came out in your responses, as well as both the way that that narrative is processed individually and collectively peer we have our stories. Sometimes there are stories that we tell each other individually and then sometimes there are the stories we tell collectively. All of this to standard history is contested. The past is contested. How do we accurately and comprehensively and completely grapple with our past when there isth no consensus on what that past is . And this is a question for anyone who chooses to jump in, not any particularo person. There is no consensus, and i was thinking, first ofin all, michael didnt mention the reconstruction National Park which is rare in this world North Carolina just appropriated 16 million for aro reconstructn National Park. Weve got park but we dont have 16 million. [laughter] for it. And i heard blaine say, sometimes presentations are made whether its at Middleton Place or Colonial Williamsburg, explained the lives of african americans, whichever term you choose to use and sometimes from white listeners thats not what they want to hear. Torres probably, i dont want to mischaracterize anything tourists probably like going with a hint history better than they do what really happened. Blaine, you were looking at me because weve had this experience at williamsburg. The old school for africanamericans in the country is at Colonial Williamsburg why are you all doing this . Our interpreters say why are you doing this . We want to hear from Patrick Henry in the house of burgesses. I think thats true. Theres a historian at the university of mississippi who wrote an article about this in the title was nobody knows the troubles ive seen, but does anybody want to hear about them when theyre on vacation . [laughter] i think that kenny gets to the core of the problem. I doem think its the case muchf the 20thth century many tourists wanted to avoid these hard questions were talked about on these are dishes. I have been somewhat encouraged the last couple of years. I think that the traveling public is much more aware and much more interested than they were previously, and a couple of good examples interested that would illustrate that one would be the clouds plantation with some of you b may have been to. It is an outstanding historical site that centers of the experiences of the enslaved regular meeting go in the big house. And, of course, that type of tour litigant unimaginable, even i think 20 years ago in charleston and so i think that that has changed us a site in louisiana would be the t whitney plantation for some of you may been there period takes a very similar approach. I cautiously optimistic that we are changing what people are able to handle when they are traveling. So let me throw in sort of a potential alternative perspective to that. Because im curious if thats one of the stories that we told ourselves to allow us to get away with customers that we were telling, right . You still have to know somebody who knows somebody to get into the new africanAmerican History and Culture Museum at the smithsonian. At this pointen we all know you got the first floor and have, you will take a lot of deep breaths and rub a lot of shoulders. Have, of course brian stevensons project at alabama. We do have these things and so what were looking at is looking at places like Reggie Simmons<\/a> cooking up a lot of the sides. And then we had Benjamin Carnell<\/a> come down here from South Carolina<\/a>. He is so committed to what the forum needs and what it is doing hes a lawyer in South Carolina<\/a> and county counsel and eddie drove down here and cooked the chicken and the sausage for us, and he didnt just cook it. He donated his time at donated all that food, and that is a commitment to the community and we thank you so much, my friend. I want to think of other people while wepe get started, make sue i get these sponsors right. Dominion energy, bellhop foundation, the joanna foundation, federal bar foundation, marion marvel Bradley Anderson<\/a> and hardy also a law firm if you couldnt tell. South carolina ports authority, the boeing company, the patrick family foundation, lynn pagliaro, boomtown and, of course, the connor law firm. Some other brief thanks to our dedicated board members. Obviously it takes some effort and a lot of planning to do the things we do at the forum and particularly glauconitic like we are doing this evening. Why inn particular if i can call your attention to is chair of our committee, both for, Professor Emeritus<\/a> and dean of social sciences at the citadel who is the diligent architect of the program youre here for tonight, so thank you both. And others, you see a lot of people from mp strategy around to really make the event happen, amanda, abigail, megan, and any other volunteers, thank you all for doing that. A couple housekeepings items you may know that were welcoming cspan here tonight. We are certainly happy to have them. Please remember to turn off your cell phones or silence of them here and if, when youre seated we really encourage you to stay seated until the intermission if youre able to, and that will just allow for easier filming for everybody. But it is, again, great to get back here together thank you to pastor manning and his continued stewardship, stewardship of the Charleston Forum<\/a> and our relationship with Mother Emmanuel Church<\/a> and the commemoration activities every june. Next week it will have been seven years since the hate crimes committed at mother emmanuel. And it seems like a long time ago. It does, but weve had constant reminders along the way including the killing of george lloyd, the victims in buffalo recently. We still got a long way to go. And it is the purpose to get us there, to get us there as a community and as a model for the nation. And thats why we bring people together we tried to bring different perspectives and forge a common, forge solutions out of that common understanding, we we can move forward together. The forum as you may know focuses on four social pillars really, education, economics, policing and criminal justice, and what were here for tonight, what we call the future of the past. And whatss interesting is our surveys have revealed, in the past couple of years you may have seen the surveys. They are available on our fancy new website for you to review you can get everyone to agree on goals for education, for treatingry People Fairly<\/a> by law enforcement. You can agree on all of these goals in these areas but what really still is a division are these issues that seem less practical but certainly more emotional eddie divide for our society, and that is these issues of the future of the past. And so we want to bring everyone together and have an understanding of why only 36 people in the tricounty area think that our government is handling controversial statues and monuments the correct way. We want to find out ways to get there to where we can all appreciate that all reasonable people in the locality believe that we handled it the right way, at least in an acceptable way. We couldnt have better guides for our journey to find the correct way to do things that are panelists tonight. One click richard, our second panel of Public Officials<\/a> will have two two faces with us e not in your program should be familiar to you, councilman and reverend after delivering kai middleton will step into one spot, to let people couldnt be with us because of personal issues. And city councilman ross appel will be here in the other spot. And wein certainly, you can understand they are not only good Public Officials<\/a> because they are ready and willing to do this but they are engaged enough to be able to do that on short notice. So thanks to them round out our second panel tonight. But starting withni the first panel, i would like them to come join you on stage if you would. Moderator extraordinaire for the forum John Simpkins<\/a> who is heading the mdc currently which is creating an economic and equitable infrastructure across the south. Next to him we have dr. Walter edgar who everyone im sure he knows is a preeminent history of South Carolina<\/a>, but notnt only that, one of the first founders, Founding Trustees<\/a> of the international africanamerican museum which of course is a nice segue over to doctor Tonya Matthews<\/a> who was steering our international africanamerican museum to educate the world about these issues starting in january this coming year here ad we are thrilled to have dr. Blaine roberts back with us, a Charleston Forum<\/a> alum and the coauthor of the awardwinning book of these very issues about a very Community Called<\/a> denmarks garden. Down at the end we have mike allen who is an awardwinning historian with the National Park<\/a> service who has dedicated so many years to these very issues in our community, and i thank them so much for joining us. John. Thank you. Thanks, brian. Good evening,ng everybody. Good evening. As a former friend what i can tell you im very happy to be at morris brown ame church, even with the little bit of feedback. And its going to be a pleasure to lead you all through a conversation today will will be talked about a book history, how we remember the past which passed we choose remember and what choice do we make in doing so. Evan going to allow my colleagues up here on the pedal to introduce themselves in one way by responding to probably the easiest question you get today, which is, how do you enter this conversation about public history in the low country and in South Carolina<\/a> . Where are you as you enter this conversation . Dr. Edgar. As of right now ive tried to do with it over the past 40 years, its been an evolving process both personally and obviously with communities and certainly with historical organizations as they make what we talked about south, historical society, things have changed and change rather dramatically. My late friend Charles Joyner<\/a> when the state great historians, and avenue i want to make sure i get him, his quotation correct. In 1994, he said, speaking of South Carolina<\/a>, as a community, i know that we have come a long way since 1960. For some of you all that may be ancient history, but those of us born in the 40s it was not ancient history. We have come a long way. Some have dragged their feet all theee way, but they have. Some say theres been no progress, but they have forgotten when we started. Some would stop here for they cannot see how far we still have to go. And what my friend chaz said in 1994 i l think is still true today. We did start somewhere along time ago. We have come away, but we still have awe way to go. So i think i can do this in an interesting way, even though i am now stewarding the international africanamerican museum as its ceo, most days i feel as if im coming into the space as a member of the general public. My background is inn engineerin. My liberal arts lean is into poetry and so i come into this space on sort of a constant and continual learning curve here and now i jump into the space as i have been as a public historian. But i do still have that fascination with these stories that surprise or chagrin that im just hearing the story, the amazement that other people dont know the story. And thinking about, to your point, what should be the inspiration behind talk about how far we have come. One of the reasons we resist that conversation is because of the fear that someone will say, far enough. And so i think that that gets in the way withth the fact that ife have come this far, clearly whatever is ahead on the journey is something we have been prepared for. And i think that what we also see are the shadows of an unreckoning or a nonrecognition. If you do not reckon with the past come with these stories garlic may be moving along but you are still dragging some stuff behind with you. That apparently it has wheels and a motor so it will catch up to wherever you are i think eventually, and soev as i think about public history which is about how to apply history to modern questions and conversations, im always struck at how much easier some of the conversations i find myself in would be if we already do the earlier story. And then what does it take to get people space for what i call a courageous curiosity to admit whatge is unknown, to slow down, go back, pick it up just a little bit, and then have a conversation about what happened last week or last month or seven years ago. I blain roberts, and i lived here in charleston from 20052007, and so i kind of come into this conversation as a nonnative charlestonian he was here and i was troubled. We went out a lot of tours of charleston when we lived here, my husband and i, who is over there in ther audience, and we were very disturbed by some of the things that we heard of these historical tours that we went on when we were here. We did not hear much about the black experience at all. We didnt hear anything about slavery or segregation. We heard nothing about africanamerican accomplishments, and so the two of us became very interested in why the Tourism Industry<\/a> develop the way that it did. So i think my perspective then comes from deciding to figure out how that happened, why that happened, and immersing myself in the historical archives really for the better part of a decade all over town, the south, historical society, the special collections at the college of charleston, the Avery Research<\/a> center, and really digging through the records to figure out why certain charlestonians were only telling parts of the story, and ignoringll admin significant part of the citys history. So thats kind of where im coming from, and effort to really understand the deep history of the narratives that emerged in charleston. Good evening. My name is michael allen. I retired from the National Park<\/a> service peer into your question, ironically, 42 years ago this very week i began my journey with the National Park<\/a> service, of all places in American Experience<\/a>, fort sumter. That first week or two of actually being there in many respects sort of put me on the pathway for me sitting here this afternoon. Why will i say that . Because within the first week or two of me working at this transitional place in american, American Experience<\/a>, i was peppered with such questions as i are you here . And what didid you as a person f color, a black man, have to do with the story of fort sumter and the American Civil War<\/a> . And beyond c that, perhaps what version of the civil war will you be telling us . So as a youngster 42 years ago i had to do just that. But one day while walking through fort sumter i said maybe i should walk through here as a tourist, not as an employee. So the first thing i did is i went in to you as you i would do into the gift shop. I begin looking in the gift shop at the various titles the books that were being presented and sold to the traveling public, and as you said, i did not see myself in the bookshelf. So the next thing i did, i walked and took a look around into museum of. Ium mean, thats where we come o get the information of where we are. Well again i did not see myself in the museum. There was a voice in my head saying welcome this museum was built in 1961 for then i begin to listen to my fellow employees sharing a storyry and the journy of the site as well and i was not in their narratives. 42 years ago i came to the conclusion, either i was out of place working at this transitional place in American History<\/a>, or the agency which i workke for 437 and a half years, the National Park<\/a> service, perhaps was out of touch. Not believe that i was out of place, so from those conversations 42 years ago and the journey that i have been on and have worked with many of you are sitting in this audience, in many respects, i could say perhaps have changed the narrative in some way. Does that mean we have reached the Promised Land<\/a> . No. But i believe today that we are in a better place in our interpretation that when i i stepped on the dusty soil rock area of fort sumter. Because i can look your nc dr. Matthews and the director of the international africanamerican museum and realizing some of the conversation i hadad to have 42 years ago allows her to sit here today. We all, ifll you did not know, r sit in the Culture Heritage<\/a> corridor which stresses entered stretches always moving to north, and all the way down to st. Augustine, florida. Perhaps could have conversations 42 years ago that would not be your reality. So i come at this from a personal perspective from my experience, the opportunity and the Partnership Relationships<\/a> that allowed me to be a part of this change but that i believe we still have a few miles yet to go. Thank you for that because you reference dr. Edgars earlier comments about when he quoted about how far we have come and how far we still need to go, when in here all four of you respond to that broad question, the notion of narratives and the creation of narratives, who tells the story, certainly came out in your responses, as well as both the way that that narrative is processed individually and collectively peer we have our stories. Sometimes there are stories that we tell each other individually and then sometimes there are the stories we tell collectively. All of this to standard history is contested. The past is contested. How do we accurately and comprehensively and completely grapple with our past when there isth no consensus on what that past is . And this is a question for anyone who chooses to jump in, not any particularo person. There is no consensus, and i was thinking, first ofin all, michael didnt mention the reconstruction National Park<\/a> which is rare in this world North Carolina<\/a> just appropriated 16 million for aro reconstructn National Park<\/a>. Weve got park but we dont have 16 million. [laughter] for it. And i heard blaine say, sometimes presentations are made whether its at Middleton Place<\/a> or Colonial Williamsburg<\/a>, explained the lives of african americans, whichever term you choose to use and sometimes from white listeners thats not what they want to hear. Torres probably, i dont want to mischaracterize anything tourists probably like going with a hint history better than they do what really happened. Blaine, you were looking at me because weve had this experience at williamsburg. The old school for africanamericans in the country is at Colonial Williamsburg<\/a> why are you all doing this . Our interpreters say why are you doing this . We want to hear from Patrick Henry<\/a> in the house of burgesses. I think thats true. Theres a historian at the university of mississippi who wrote an article about this in the title was nobody knows the troubles ive seen, but does anybody want to hear about them when theyre on vacation . [laughter] i think that kenny gets to the core of the problem. I doem think its the case muchf the 20thth century many tourists wanted to avoid these hard questions were talked about on these are dishes. I have been somewhat encouraged the last couple of years. I think that the traveling public is much more aware and much more interested than they were previously, and a couple of good examples interested that would illustrate that one would be the clouds plantation with some of you b may have been to. It is an outstanding historical site that centers of the experiences of the enslaved regular meeting go in the big house. And, of course, that type of tour litigant unimaginable, even i think 20 years ago in charleston and so i think that that has changed us a site in louisiana would be the t whitney plantation for some of you may been there period takes a very similar approach. I cautiously optimistic that we are changing what people are able to handle when they are traveling. So let me throw in sort of a potential alternative perspective to that. Because im curious if thats one of the stories that we told ourselves to allow us to get away with customers that we were telling, right . You still have to know somebody who knows somebody to get into the new africanAmerican History<\/a> and Culture Museum<\/a> at the smithsonian. At this pointen we all know you got the first floor and have, you will take a lot of deep breaths and rub a lot of shoulders. Have, of course brian stevensons project at alabama. We do have these things and so what were looking at is looking at places like Historic Site<\/a> such as our plantations or civil war sites. They are growing into a new story and finding that the audience is already therapeutic and so iea want to be careful around thinking that its just sort of a matter of time. While t i do think some audiencs are coming to a space where they are ready to hit hear that, i think the other part was these are simply not audiences that folks wanted to talk to peter imm not just talking about our classic tourist population. If i think about my background and my family africanamerican come were we are really o go to the big cost and how great that the counselors t but thats not quite the tour we were looking for and that audience has always been there and so the way i think about this time is, is using it to help us balance the actual reality that tourism is your main one of your main industries, it was a fear if we change the storyea will people still come . Now that we know people still comean when you change the stor, that kind of take that off the table but what i think i see happening now is i see indications that people will not come if you dont change the story what im noticing is this sort of search for gentle spaces where i can curiously explore something that i probably should have known. Im starting to see some pushback on places that are contributing in a way which has become a bit more broadly known, that either thats not a correct interpretation or its not the only interpretation here and so theyre asking at a think at the museum we start to get that people are asking us to references at which plantation work should we go to peer Interest International<\/a> africanamerican museum, thats an implicit question in there, which i these folks is going to get closer to the truth . I think theres something that we can do with that. I want to follow up with a question related to that, dr. Matthews. Is now or at least an emerging industry that is tailoring to those people who are curious and come to you for those recommendations that you can send them to . Yes, but probably not at the speed we needed to. I think that there is a lot more interest. Is also a lot more interest of diverse presentations at nine diverse sites, for lack of kind of a better phrase for that they are not expected to see white folk and rightful place in black folk and black folk place and brown folk and brown folk they are expecting to see some kind of mix and so i think navigating that has been interesting. I think im also starting to come history is as much a product of the time its told in as of what happened in that space. And so im starting to see, rather, im and started to o figure out how to cultivate an openness to understanding that our different narratives. We are not here to pick your narrative for you but i think its incredible power in understanding that there are multiple narratives about a particular conversation. Thank you. I was just going to ask, or share this come to what you said, tonya i can remember win, because it meant about the songs i have come the historical sites are uncomfortable, even having the conversation myself and others had to share with them that we are in this together. So if someone comes to your particular plantation site in Mount Pleasant<\/a> on long point road, without naming it, and you have a bad experience there, they are going to assume that thats the same narrative thats going to happen if you went to one of the three up on highway 61. And so i think one of the first thing we have to cultivate in the mine of leaders at these Historic Site<\/a>s that you, that we are in this together. We may not have all of the answers that are part. You may not have all the answers at your site or whatever, but collectively, in a collaborative move, this can help us as we say all ideas rising tide lifts all boats. I think that became a part of the shift that i think that leaders have at Historic Site<\/a>s really believed in and try to work more diligently to be more inclusive, to be more holistic, to be more diverse, integrated look at their stories. Because for some of them this was very hard. There was a conference we did a number of yearsrs ago behind the big house, and in one of the things we talked about, the whole experience at these Historic Site<\/a>s, and yeah, Many Americans<\/a> are looking for experiences but thats that when we are in 2022. Answer we have to push the narrative that we are in this together. And if i could just add real quick, and talking about diversifying the experience semilike a tourist might get, charleston has done a lot of things wrong in terms of disseminating these narratives, but i do not remember this come we interviewed you for our book a long time ago. One of the things we did. One of the things that you told us isyo that as you were doing l this really hard work with the National Park<\/a> service, that you were concerned that some of historical siteses around town because they hadf not yet stard telling stories come that they might undermine what you were doing because theye were not giving accurate history. City reached out to these sites and said lets start working together so that we can make sure that we all kelly a truthful, accurate story and i think thats important similarly, its important to recognize were a number of africanamerican entrepreneurs in charlestonri who said we dont like what werere hearing these Carriage Tours<\/a> and so they started their own tour companies. Alonzo brown was really early for and that there robert small also they started a Company Called<\/a> living history tours. I think that they deserve a lot of credit for taking this on themselves, taking the risks to do that, and they played a major role in changing the stories that tourists here. Expert is there any effort to promote others who would want to get into the Tourism Industry<\/a>, who want to tell those stories, want to set up the businesses that you can then refer people to . So i think thats one of the things were working with a lot of partners, to the point just made, folks are very separated. Both here and there pick the nice thing about charleston is not a count of secrets to its account of whispers. Sit still and youll find out what you needre to know. So i think that there is a lot to l be said but theres some bt theres not quite enough. And often when you have entrepreneurs and the smaller businesses, they are not in that Broad Network<\/a> of listening, right . So if you fit say i am come to charleston, going to do an airbnb pick that whole level of infrastructure. Things pop up, this is what will do, we will eat right and those sorts of things. I think that there is work that we can do about our infrastructure, if a a municipay from a big picture standpoint about thinking about how our infrastructure elevates and emphasizes or deemphasizes certain folks, certain communities sortaie based on the size of the business or the capacity and whats required to support those kinds of businesses and things like that so, for example, actually just in the mail today i got my copy of the South Carolina<\/a> green book. So this is a bigger project which claimed the spirit of the digital green boat and now its an exciting period of africanamerican historic heritage sites all across the state. So there is a variety covers everything from if you park your car right or to the left of that oak tree you can take 20 steps to the left and dont p because you miss it. Its right there on the ground, versus theirs 100,000 plus square foot museum right the underwater itself thinking about how we as a community ourselves navigate and nurture these sites and also how our torres navigate those sites i think becomes, becomes its own kind of thing. In the last thing i want to say about diversity, the storyteller matters. While this is really good because were diversifying the story, telling the truth g these kinds of things, even if you go to our friends over at mcleod they will tell you basedwh on whos telling the story, the reaction from everything from acceptance to push back to westerly is different based on who is telling the story. We have to think about that to the point that we are all in this together. You have got to be selfaware in terms of how your colleagues are being received. But there are also posted that as well. Theres some wavy part of the africanamerican jury that i can tell because its part of my experience and iau can go to and its kind of if im okay you are going to be okay. Kind of this as i think theres a lot to be said about this mix and mingle we have in our storytellers. I was just going to add, you talk taught from a business perspective. I guess from my eyes, from a local perspective, the convention and Business Bureau<\/a> is a gatekeeper entity relationships. I guess ive been fortunate enough to be engaged in the last quarter century in terms of helping them to see their place in terms of how we expand the narrative. Also from estate perspective, prt, parks and recreation tourism, because he managed tourism for the entire state of South Carolina<\/a>, but prt in the convention of Business Bureau<\/a> may not be Kitchen Table<\/a> conversations. So people may not have any knowledge of these two entities but these two entities really control the narrative of how tourism or tester informs our existence, the opportunity we have here where you can sleep, we can eat, you can go. It incumbent upon us in our relationships with the convention a Business Bureau<\/a> as well as prt continued to remind them that they are here to serve all south carolinians. Spirit speaking of local organizations here, i think i need to put, not a plug, what South Carolina<\/a> etv houston over the last 30 years has done an awful lot to change perceptions with its transit silent or sacred spaces. A lot of the a podcast. We knowod the hits are coming fm a very diverse audience. That has been i think a powerful change, certain terms of being ableer to teach, so i just is more than just the Historic Site<\/a>. That raises a bigger question, dr. Edgar, they want to get into per Bobby Donaldson<\/a> at usc center for civil rights history and research hes building something there, literally, physically on the former campus of booker t. Washington high school. What is happening across the state to tell that more complete complex story . How are historians talking to each other about these issues . Well, those of us who teach South Carolina<\/a> history are very rare breed these days. [laughter] quite frankly, those of us were talking are in older generation. I think of vernon burton, my friend up at clemson to one of the bright young stars of i think South Carolina<\/a> American History<\/a> is brent morris who until recently was at usc beaufort hes not going to be at clemson. You didnt know . Hes going to clemson. Hes a former student of mine. Im delighted. But seriously, when chaz joyner made that quotation, there was somewhat teaching South Carolina<\/a> history at every institution of this come in this state. ellipsisly it is its still, well until bill retired but was still thought at sc state. So we do have a problem because some folks deal with, they say we are dealing with broader issues, the world. Forget about, they are forgetting about the community that theyre supposed to be serving. And i think you bring up a really good point, something that the field history and public history both need to grapple with, which is of that if you are interested in the spacein but five you would not e allowed to tell the truth in that space, that would not necessarily be the degree that you want. If youre thinking im going to try to write this from this perspective tell the story in my Tenure Committee<\/a> is going to knock t it down your talk with other gatekeepers. Right. The ultimate gatekeeper in terms of that, that is something we really need to grapple with quickly because in the day and age as your set of podcasts, and a create your own broadcast, while i am, im still a personal fan of academia and that kind of rigor, it is not required to get the story out. So i think we need to think about that and grapple with, if you want younger folks who are coming up in this generation, all about unearthing the truth and like any 20yearold making asphyxiation five year old that is part of the mission, and so youre thinking about being in this space. We do have to think about where it is our next generation of historians and public historians going to come from . How do we motivate them . How do we support them to uncover additional truth with the same level of rigor that we would require in that setting . What does that look like in a country in which various approaches to teaching history are under attack . And not to speak of it in the context of whats being taught in colleges and universities what is being taught k12 when there has been this notion that these attitudes will die out with succeeding generations, but what we have seen all too clearly even here inn this it is that young people get radicalized by a version of history. The heart figure 2b is how do we get to the people are coming up through our Public School<\/a> system in the k12 system, whether it is public or private, a version of history that is complex and comprehensive . I wish i had an answer for that. [laughter] im not being, im not being because of our back when they redid the history curriculum back in the 90s, we served on that committee. The people who teach, i feel for them because what the state department of education puts out that theyve got to teach and students have got to pass come some of them have to pass this course and, quite frankly, dealing with something as local as what might happen here although you can connect anything in South Carolina<\/a> is a national issue. Thats not, history is that important. Its that easy. But teachers are, i think they are stressed i really worry about, i worried about 20 years ago i really worry about it now as to what is being taught. There never seems to be enough time in the day to do what has to be done. Its probably, its not unique to South Carolina<\/a> but for those of us who deal with teachers. Maybe you have a better i do not have an answer to that very difficult question. The interesting things that is implicit in everything thats been said soo far is that public history is a category, sometimes i like to jettison the category or complicate it a little bit because the most important public history petitioners have we have our art teacher anytime youre in a clash of whether its a College Class<\/a> you are k12 classroom and your teaching historysr or socil studies, however it is labeled, you are engaging and i think the most important trend for public history, that is conveying in a way that your students will understand these important truths about the past. Its important that our teachers feel they are public historians. And i agree with you that we are in an incredibly difficult moment and after say that being in a university with tenure, i operate in a very different environment and i feel empowered to say anything that i want to say here and if i were a public history teacher in a state that recently passed an anticrt law, Critical Race Theory<\/a> law, i would be very cautious i imagined about some of the things that i would say, at d that is a really, really horrible place to be in. I dont have an answer except to say that i think we probably need to focus a lot more of our political energies on our local School Board Races<\/a> and city council races, and thats probably how we are going to start to solve that problem. And in terms of connecting with the teachers, this is another responsibility i sharede as well with other folks at Historic Site<\/a>s. Kids come to your class, Historic Site<\/a> as a field trip. They need to know before they leave that building that theyre coming for educational experience. This is not a day out of class, right . First thing. So thats why when i was engaged and involved trying to Partnership Relationships<\/a> with the School System<\/a> and the teachers before they actually stepped on the property peer because if you did at that relationship first come theres already an accident when they arrived at your property. And i think having those relationships as i remember with teachers, it gave them a sense of trust peer it gave them a sense of competence, and give you a sense of awareness of where they were going and then they would use those type of feelings to really empower the kids to know that we really are going to a transitional place in American History<\/a>,is fort sumter this is not just a boat ride on the river spirit and i think for me, and this has become such an important and critical i think hot topic, maybe as we come to the conclusion of the Jurassic Park<\/a> era, we are all thinking about that originall line, life always finds a way. And we are now at a stage that can be said for truth and fourstory. So remember when we thought that the way here, sorry for this group right in the front, the way to keep our kids away from ehret Sexual Activity<\/a> was dr. Kevin about it at other that work out for us . Not well. Not well at all, right . So the idea is that our students are engaging with these stories. Do we want them to engage with those stories alone . Do we want them to engage with those stories without someone who can walk them through it . I will say that our secret weapon here is that we have now moved from group memorization as a best practice to critical thinking. The idea is its not, school is probably never but definitely is not about indoctrinating children. Itsgi about giving information and examples and the projecr critically think your way through which frankly is are scarier than a student that will simply memorize and spew out whatever you would like to tell them your as the daughter of an educator who gets reminded regularly that teachers need to be in charge of their own classroom, i think this is what i think i think that in this world of radical access to information, our students even our adult neighbors are being exposed to all of this information and these confirmations. Ive never t met anyone who was angry at discovering the truth, but i need people daily who are angry at discovering the truth was hidden from them. And thats the reaction that i am seeing a lot. I think thats what we need to be thinking about when were thinking about how students appear they are engaging in conversations. Theyst are engaging in these stories, and i think it is a dereliction of duty for us to not give them the tools, for the guidance, the educators, the museums, the historical sites come books, what ever it is, to be able to explore that space, a little bit of safety, a whole lot of confidence and some experimentation inn the early step into their own critical thinking. In another life i worked with countriesre that were riding constitutions in Library Something<\/a> really interesting happened. When liberia decided to reimagine and reconsider its relationship to the united states, one of the first things they did is they created a commission to lookk at history, and the history that had been received in the country. The goal was repair. Is the goal of public history repair . Here. Interesting question. Repair, reform. All of the above . Iov think, i think all of it, all of above in order that we canch retail. The rs seem to have it for sure because im on reckoning, reconcile and retail in terms of one of the things we simply have it that is we have it reconciled with these things and so weve got commissions to celebrate history and to do our commemorations but we actually dont often have missions to explore and interrogate the history and so yeah, hope springs eternal on that one. We need to stop thinking of history as a celebration. Thats been part of the issue is to celebrate this. And i can remember when, when, they were doing the civil war sesquicentennial, they were going to celebrate the civil war and jazz and jewelers of why you want to talk about something that killed 40,000 young men from South Carolina<\/a> . 600,000 americans why does the celebration desperate what is a celebration about what its like someone wishing a veteran happy memorial day, which are doing tv, you know . History is not pleasant. History was made by human beings and we know from the beginning of time, human beings make mistakes. Human beings can also change. I might want to use that as a segue as we tackle the other part of public history, that everybody seems to have dodged on this panel, the third rail, or is it the start statue, im not sure . You know, people do change, and try to do a nuanced reading of why this plaque is there, why that statue is of their, and by the way i do angry the wholt and sit at a student how many memorials, monuments or have the city of charleston defines that peer it certainly covers literally the waterfront, but thats the one thing that we as a group have not yet addressed. You are coming from the angle of people changing. I just in some of our journeys here, we have met folks ten, 15, 20 years ago that had a specific thought pattern idea or they sought in the manner, and i guess through reflection or introspect i guess if you will, or just trying to educate to have a better understanding helped to move the narrative. I think often we are not there to convince the people but sometimes were there to maybe show them the way. And i say that because often people Come Foundation<\/a> what they were taught. So if what was put into them was not correct or is it after we know historically, then they will travel with that flaw as a part of that. And i think doctor time to sit earlier when you present to them that you were traveling with a flaw, edgers the documentation computes the evidence, and sometimes there is anger that comes up because that you have now told them something that you know to be true, its document to be true, but their grandmother and grandfather said it was otherwise now they are conflicted. And so i think to what you said earlier, dr. Edgar, we have to realize that people can change, given the right circumstance in the right environment. I think thats right. I think youre trying to gently administer Something Like<\/a> the calhoun monument, and my you know, in 2015, and april 2015 i was here interesting for any debt that marked the end of e 150th anniversary of the civil war. It was an event at the theater and a bunch of the street on state of somebody in the audience asked a question and he basically said, what about all these Confederate Monument<\/a> . What are we going to do . I was one of a group of five or six historians, and we all sort of sighed and said well, you know, there is something a 2500 Confederate Monument<\/a>s throughout the region to david light was on the pelican sort of like the deed of civil war memorial studies. And he said i just dont think theres anything that can be done, more or less thats what he said to everybody on stage agreed with him. In other words, here we work this historians, we spend our lives studying historical change, change over time but we have this kind of assumption that this commemorative landscape that had been in place for so long was unchangeable. That there is no way that these things whatever away, and then of course things changed pretty rapidly. And so i do think its possible that we continue to show the evidence that we all know to be true with his monument to stand for, what the representative by the report after people can change their minds but we are not going to convince everyone but enough people changed their mind in charleston to get that one particular monument down. And thats something, right . Thatsin something. Well, yes. People do change. In the 1990s that i do not think i will live to see the Confederate Flag<\/a> taken off the front of the statehouse. It happened seven years ago but because of a tragedy but it is happened it did happen and enough people had to be dragged forward trudge forward to make it happen because i was a decision made by political persons who if you taken a poll in South Carolina<\/a> geordie of the population believed even after it came down but it did come down and that was very powerful even people didnt care the fact that South Carolina<\/a> was boycotted. You couldnt have contests here in South Carolina<\/a> because of that. You have the basketball coach columbia to take it down. It didnt get anywhere so yes people can change. People can change but what we know in South Carolina<\/a> is that change comes increments. We are an incrementalist state so how do we balance those two things when you can still drive down the street, still see the monument there and any number of those thousands of monuments charleston and the rest of the state, what does further change like . If i can take the perspective of the new carolinian, the composition army ive been here the tourist, it is a talking conversation so if you are here, youre thinking about calhoun and im thinking about this statute and they both represent those same conversations so to rethink this from terrorist to revolutionary so we are doing that station and what strikes me and im borrowing this from someone else, statues are as much about whatever they memory as they are about the people who put them up. Thats what changes and the statues are supposed to reflect thebo people putting the statuef and that is part of the approach we have to take. Its not about statue of monument requests then, it doesnt reflect the now. Thats what people and are eepicking up on so the reconsideration, reinterpretation or removal this might be dangerous, the destruction of that shes moving them and putting them somewhere else because one thing i know my country is short memory and if we raise this, will be remember there was a time when we believed this is what we should honor and that is important to know. Thats where we came out of, a celebration or they might get pulled back so i really want to grapple what does that look like . This is in talks with the city, is that correct . I think that would be potentially a great way to deal with what youre talking about, the same fear. What does it mean to no longer by the statute . But then the fact that it was therefore 100 years and had an impact on every person who walked by so i like the idea of museum acquiring hatchet, is contextualizing and so we can understand what it was more generally part of the history in the regions removal and destruction of the statues we incorporate that into the museum potentially would be a spot for that, i dont know. Maybe not part of the narrative, theres a lot of conversation in 2015 about what this meant. A lot of debate and contentious arguments. It is useful have in all of these places in history. In this commission we were engaged in conversation with calhoun and one thing others shared, thats about American Experience<\/a> we agree given how we see things in 2022 so when we move forward to encourage, i knew someplace in time it is an some other building where it can be interpreted, and taunderstanding of the conductivity as well as now and you may know a number of months ago they were taken tort california and they are collaborative. I supported the and saw that potentially in california to talk about this collaboratively but it didnt materialize so the conversations are underway now in which this still be addressed and taken care of but this is something i think we need to know and have an understanding on how it affects us because the reality, words that came out of his mouth a century and a half ago still dictates the Movement Even<\/a> today. The founder of university and the founder of South Carolina<\/a> State University<\/a> which is seldom, a reason he was the founder of South Carolina<\/a> state but it is amazing anything comes out then, all of those are part of the same story, an important part of the same story. I want to go back to something a few of you eluded to in South Carolina<\/a> and the broader question, what is it that we have to teach other places either in grappling with the complication of our history, what stories do we have to teach . Of my journey with the park service having some understanding of productivity to west africa and as i have grown in understanding, the narrative, 40 of all people that survived the Middle Passage<\/a> has the opportunity turned out, the first step on north american soil. And 8 miles so todays 70 of all People Living<\/a> in the united stateses make connectivity to those who put on solomon island. I think just using that, other individuals and activities we can lift up as being important to our nations story. That relationship realizing what it taught me all the way to my senior year in high school and what was presented will and i was the congress of the end as i look, you begin to see i do not own land history and will sink into opportunities can utilize to say this is South Carolina<\/a>. We have influence beyond something over the years i have had from other states, how can you do that and South Carolina<\/a> . Why did it change it narrative . While the begin to talk about certain things . We cant get this done in kentucky, how did you do it . We have people looking at us for one reason or another, they also understand calculus has an important place, we have come a long way and others get past where we have so moving and others will take notice. I would bring those two together in the foundational africanAmerican History<\/a> in connection and then things we are doing right now but between reading yourin book and if i goo Mount Pleasant<\/a> and part of one story, i get the other half of the story but one thing this is why igs think anyone do it in South Carolina<\/a> because from my perspective we were essentially the madman of the country. We are mistresses, king and queens of reinventing the narrative based on whatever is tooting us at the moment and however we need to retell the story so we come out on top. As challenging as those narratives have been, its an incredible cultural skill set we have as we think about the reinvention of these stories so if there is a community culturally predisposed get this done i do think it is here and im trying to learn and understand, i can feel it probably in a way that folks here that are actively so really think it is that important and figure that out yes, its not just the center of the story, we have a way of telling and retelling the story. The times and jenna we are in and if we continue to think about the, i think that could be. And it is appropriate, is where they come together. One thing is you are talking about in terms of africanamerican, it relates to what you are saying, the other thing to understand is how misinformation and disinformation work because they were masters of Historical Records<\/a> and being propaganda. It is important as we know in 2022 to be paying attention to stories being told whether its history or politics so it is a lot to learn from how the stories were covered up and whitewashed, its another lesson and it can teach us. I want to start at the end and hear from each of you on this. A lot of what you have mentioned in this conversation reminds me of don by nikki finney what she wrote in the aftermath she asks the recurring question, who are we now . When we think of that in regard to charleston and South Carolina<\/a>, how do you answer that question . Who are wear now . Who we are in 2022 in some respects we have been involved in an kitsch mitt is under serious threat. Amount of time in my live now where i have seen successes through changing the landscape and i see folks coming in to take advantage of the change we worked so hard to build so that is a concern i have appropriating because of history weve moved forward on in the effort shaped the narrative. I probably see that ten, 15 or 20 years ago, i feel that now so i do have the opportunity i say probably. I think we are on a good trajectory in terms of doing the hard things. I say to you i am grateful january 21 of next year because i have the good fortune of 21 years ago and didnt understand why i was in i the room. Is this going to come to pass . Back then it was only 40 million so we are a good place, yes they are at the gate but others standing and sitting here in the room you have to complement yourself. It is the capacity to overcome. One of the important distinctions or developments to keep in mind that makes it different from 100 years ago, now all the stakeholders have a voice. When the monument went up and replaced, africanamericans were in the process seeing a different franchise. Because of the 1895 constitution, white successfully disenfranchised them so a lot of the decisions made, sites preserved in the stories, these decisions were made only by a Certain Group<\/a> of people so here we are 100 years later and because of the Political Revolution<\/a> of the mid to late 20th century, at the very least we are not in a Perfect Place<\/a> yet. At least the stakeholders theoretically have a voice and i am encouraged by the fact that the city is promoting a more collaborative approach to the decisions being made about what to talk about, what stories to tell. I think for me, im wondering about the lowering of the flag and we also won the war. We are talking about the like so part of me is trying to grapple with the visual and celebration making sure we dont forget so we are similar to what youre saying taking it in a different direction, i think we are the people with the power and ability to tell my own story. We now have the ability to tell my story, you have no control who lives or dies in the last one is certainlyur longer true. You have control because you can tell your own story so my question is, they are drunk all thought power, who is going to have the courage to tell our story . Now that we have individual stories and prioritize our own particular perspective, who among us will be brave enough to step forward to tell our story . Right now we are is a whole bunch at this story, are you going in . I dont know if im going in there but i think it is a good thing. Because its not three people in a room deciding what stories to come up so that is kind of what i see in this space where we have our own voice being challenged to step in and try to figure out how to make our out of the you in the eye. Thats what has me excited and it is a large part that im hoping the museum claims and telling the history making space for such conversations. Everybody being able to tell their story ultimately its not just charleston. Its happening in columbia, florence, greenville, places 25 years ago it would not have happened. I am hopeful for the future. What we need to do is make sure everyone is prepared to be able to forward. The writer goes in her talk that talks about the balance and what im hearing from you all is the need for balance. Complicating factors that dont just tell one truth but many facets of that truth. South Carolina History<\/a> is nuanced in fact that we need to remember. Join me in thanking our panelists. [applause] American History<\/a> tv saturdays on cspan2, exploring the people and events that tell the american sorry. 6 00 p. M. Eastern, librarian of Congress Post<\/a> the conversation for executive order 9981 leaving his termination in the u. S. Military. Also President Biden<\/a> tops the former president executive order and accomplishments for minorities in the military and the civil rights symposium and 9 30 p. M. Eastern on the presidency, historian h. W. Look at general ford the context of the 1970s when he served as House Minority<\/a> leader Vice President<\/a> and the president exploring the american story. Watch American History<\/a> tv saturdays on cspan2 and find a full schedule on your program could watch online anytime at cspan. Org history. Doesnt just look like this, it like this where americans see democracy at","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"archive.org","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","width":"800","height":"600","url":"\/\/ia600505.us.archive.org\/26\/items\/CSPAN2_20230815_180700_Interpreting_History_in_Charleston_South_Carolina\/CSPAN2_20230815_180700_Interpreting_History_in_Charleston_South_Carolina.thumbs\/CSPAN2_20230815_180700_Interpreting_History_in_Charleston_South_Carolina_000001.jpg"}},"autauthor":{"@type":"Organization"},"author":{"sameAs":"archive.org","name":"archive.org"}}],"coverageEndTime":"20240707T12:35:10+00:00"}