[speaking foreign language] toit is a long way from iran fort bragg, north carolina. Halfway around the world, you might say. But that is where the story begins. It is my story, but it could be the story of a great number of other u. S. Army advisors. They served in nearly 50 countries overseas. Weinman. S captain paul is as anment in iran advisor to the Imperial Iranian Army special forces group. Before you teach, you have to learn. The hard way. At fort bragg, we learned our special forces lessons well. Lessons that would make us into tough, welltrained soldiers able to handle any situation in some faroff land arid north carolina, or north iran. A job is a jump. The same intention as you go out the airplane door. The same big lift in your chest as you see that parachute billowing out. When you land, it may be the same ending to a flight am a but your job is just beginning. You five students know your part in this exercise. You have been dropped presumably into enemy held territory. Where guerrillas are operating. You are to link up with the Guerrilla Force in your area, train them in the tactics we have been teaching you and follow through on a bridge destruction mission. Lets synchronize our watches. The time is now08 21. Lieutenant weinman . Yes sir. You will be met by guides and moved to Mission Support site where you have the balance of today and tonight to organize your guerrillas, make your reconnaissance, and prepare for attack. Your guerrillas will hit the bridge tomorrow morning prior to daylight. My job was to direct the guerrillas the special forces man fights in the action as a matter of self defense. The exercise appeared to be going well. My instructions on the approach seem to have paid off. Quickly, the sleeping guards were taken care of. [explosion] it was all right, but you made a couple of bad mistakes. Any idea what they were . For one thing, we made to much noise moving up to the bridge. Wrecking. Too much you sounded like a herd of elephants. And another thing, your guerrillas spent too much area in the target area. You could eliminate this problem by preparing more thoroughly. In the business of special forces, there is no room for mistakes. It was not all muscle work. You have a head on your shoulders and you are expected to use it. Psychological operations is one of three related activities. The others are counterinsurgency, and unconventional warfare. Name to prerequisite for successful guerrilla warfare. Lieutenant winer . And inaccessible area of a reparations, and communications. Thank you. Captain wilford. Captain, i rarely saw a guerrilla radio. Guerrilla communications is normally done by messenger. Thank you, captain. This is not to say that communications are not desirable for successful guerrilla warfare. It is just that as a special warfare man, you must know how to make do without. As you meld no, as you well know, we do stress communications. They stressed communications all right here in like putting up a 30 foot bamboo pole as an antenna. It does not require acquisition to supply, but it can extend the range of radio set by four times. Because an infinite variety of daily challenges and tasks may lie ahead, the man who wears a green beret must master an infinite variety of skills. Descent down foot a windows world rope. A wind swirled rope. Sustains techniques to himself and distant reaches of the jungle, or an arctic wasteland. Above all, it he knows the ultimate alternative faced by the festive by the special forces man and action. Adjust or die. So, he has learned to adjust and live off the land. And on and off the water. He may someday have to infiltrate the area from the water. Or a target may be on a waterway. That is why Amphibious Training is necessary. As a sport, scuba diving is popular. For us, scuba is not a sport. It is an essential skill of special forces operation. Again, it is not a matter of learning from a lecture or from charts or books. We learn by doing. Our Graduation Party wasnt exactly the senior prom. It was a realistically staged ambush exercise. A few minutes after the simulated ambush was started, it was over. Strippedthe guerrillas the aggressors of guns ammo food and gasoline. Then, back into the wooded country that was our protection. A simulated attack, yes. But realistic practice for the real thing. If it ever comes. With the end of the field rcise, and the referring the return to fort bragg, my schooling was over. Work,many months of hard my class was given the right to wear the coveted special forces beret that the late president kennedy described as a mark of excellence. Stop on my journey to iran was in the opposite direction. The Army Language school at moderate, california. To learn farsi. The language of the country. Welcome to the persian department. You are beginning a year intensive study of farsi, persian. Salam means hello. Our adventure into learning a which. Into learning a new language. [video clip] [speaking foreign language] at first, the repetition seemed endless. At first it was hard. Learning a which makes you feel like a child, drifting in a world of strange appling sounds that sounds thatffling are always the on your grasp. [speaking foreign language] there were times when you felt like it was too much. The two never would have fluency, accuracy, or speed. The goal seemed unreachable. Away. Ou plug not only in the formal classes in the Language Laboratory as well. [speaking farsi] then, in your room to. Often far into the night. We learned not only the language, but the history, geography, and customs of iran. And always practice. You listen, then you repeat. Listen, then repeat. Listen, repeat. We spoke farsi amongst ourselves and probably even in our sleep. I had the good fortune to meet and become friends with a young iranian student studying in a nearby university. Oftenay afternoons, we walked together. Sightseeing was not the object. [speaking farsi] it was starting to come a little easier, but i knew i had not yet acquired the language skill i needed for my next assignment. Then, one day it happened. In a judo class showed me that at last i was thinking in the language. Friend,king out with my he had the bad luck not to fall right. [speaking farsi] in the excitement of the moment, one thing to communicate immediately to my persian friend, i answered him, but not in english. In farsi. I had reached the turning point of thinking in the language and from then on, it seemed that i made rapid progress. [speaking farsi] my promotion came through area close to graduation day. Understandably, a happy day for me. Ceremony,graduation the faculty gave us a small party. A toast was proposed. [speaking farsi] i had been chosen to answer for the group. [speaking farsi] i said, i am amazed that after one year of listening to our farsi, you still remember your farsi. I, and the rest of the students thank you. As if your understanding and patience, we have achieved our goals. We hope to get acquainted with the iranian people and the iranian culture so that we can repay you for some of your hard work. Again, we thank you. [speaking farsi] now i was in iran as an army advisor. How strange it all seemed at first. I had been trained for over a year and brought halfway around the world to serve for two years as a member of the military Assistance Advisory Group in iran. Teams, duringg the course of the next two years will visit for short periods to instruct in specific subjects to help their iranian army trained as bushel for us as special forces groups are being able to speak the language, helped to bridge the gap that many times separates a stranger from the people of the country he is in. My counterpart, the commander of the Iranian Special forces group proved to be a good leader with a keen understanding of and advisers problem. As the american advisor to the Iranian Special forces group , i participated in the units training in order to pass on the techniques i felt were most important. [speaking farsi] [speaking farsi] but somehow, the most important thing is not what i taught, but what i learned from people like lieutenant jalil. I was learning from my students even as i was teaching them. For example, in the english class i taught at the military academy. The west point of iran. I felt that i was not only their teacher, it also their friend. [speaking farsi] inin our country, especially iran, with very little rain. Geographical our conditions, we have much rain in many parts of the united states. [speaking farsi] i just the greatest thrill for any advisor is when the men that he advises perform a successful maneuver. With the officers, we planned on exercise to parachute drop into a particular area to test internal security. Flying at night over a training , simulated as being in enemy hands, we prepare to make our jump in order to rendezvous guerrillaup a force. In order to be influential, and effective in the eyes of the iranian counterparts, and advisor must show as well as talk about. The guerrillas moved out to meet us. A prearranged password was exchanged. [speaking farsi] then, we moved with the guerrillas off the drop zone and is appeared into the interior [explosion after weeks of training, the guerrillas were finally ready for an attack of simulated forces. An effective advisor learns how to influence and guide, by interjecting his advice and support of the unitsmission. And by letting his iranian other particulate in all action. Iranian counterpart take the lead in all action. The attack over, the signal was given to move out. The mission had been accomplished. The men had done well. Very well. The unit had performed perfectly , led by their own officers. I have confidence in these men as a fighting unit and as friends. I think the units overall spirit was best expressed by one young soldier when he said, whatever the job, i want to do my best. Tweet us at cspan history. Asking about an issue that still resounds today. His question is about how many u. S. Gisre fathered by in vietnam. How are they treated 45 years after the u. S. Departure . You could be featured during our next to live program. Join the conversation at facebook. Com cspan history and on twitter cspanhistory. Monday, on the communicators. Bell labs where they conduct advanced medication research. On the forefront, the most communications. It has been a hundred years since we had this has changed our species. This is what we do. That is all wireless communication is. What we want to do is go to a new era of communication. That era is directed at communication. As opposed to broadcasting, we want to target the being as individuals. The reason we want to do this is because our search for data is never ending we always want more and more. If saturated our spectrum of those frequencies. We have to go to higher frequencies. These higher frequencies have many other challenges. One is that the signal loss through the air is too much. You cannot broadcast like traditional. If we want to talk to you, i did direct my theme directly at you. A completely change in paradigm in communications. With that of course, a huge set of challenges. Next, a panel of scholars talks about people who disliked and opposed Abraham Lincoln during his presidency, including members of his own cabinet. About one hour and 15 minutes. Morning, i am frank williams, chair of the lincoln forum. Enemies. To lincolns i am so pleased to have