The 19th century in linkin park are behind the chicago history museum. Just like the fact that you have free admission to the arts institute, you also have free admission to the chicago history museum. Step outside and look at the fantastic sculpture. The man or the standing lincoln. We will get back to this. I love this material. I am so moved by lincoln and by his era and by the art and imagery about him. I know it sounds creepy. Im in love with his body. Withll see in photographs him there is a lot to say. I know i am old and thin and tall. I do not just of like Abraham Lincoln. Maybe one day. Realizeaid that, i public history or performative history or living history is really, really important. Actors have a real important place in the way we understand history. If youre interested in that, we have a wonderful scholar in the History Department whose specialty that is. I used to give talks like this in the state of illinois. In 1809. Born afound out that illinois is huge states, really long. Remember, we have talked about this. The most southerly part is further south than the confederate capital of richmond, virginia. In some ways, Southern Illinois has a southern feeling. Definitely. I am anxious to get going. Before we move through the images, i want to say one thing that the civil war. All of the images we are saying someenced the civil war in way. Just the fact we are looking at lincoln images, right . Was between spring 1861 in spring 1865. They killed maybe about one million soldiers altogether. It engendered the bloodiest, bloodiest battles. Casualty numbers are routinely in the tens of thousands for each battle. Young to be too remember but we took baghdad in 2003, there were three american casualties, which is horrible. Every life counts, of course,. The public would no longer stand the kind of casualties and death numbers that they experience in just about every battle. Over the course of a few days. Was nominated in chicago for the new republican party. Part of our republic machine. We were working overdrive to get him to be the republican nominee. He inherited, he actually walked into this enormous National Crisis of the civil war. About slavery. The attitudes to slavery, the spread, different economies, evolution, and the profound injustice of it. At this point, africanamericans agentsa crucial role as in their own freedom as soldiers in the northern armies, as people involved and abolitionist movements, members of the underground railroad. End of the war in the passage of the 13th amendment, slaved persons were freed;. That is a little background. You have to think of the civil war era when you think of images of lincoln, obviously, right . By the way, we will get back to this. I just wanted to point out, do you remember the statue by George Washington . The midterm exam. I may not have mentioned it at the time, but his best is missing a single button. That was at the time to show that washington was a real every man. He was not concerned with his clothing. Similarly here, the best is wrinkled. People made a big deal about that. Somehow, this captured something of the man that lincoln was unfussy. He was not fixing himself. He was not a dandy. s president. Man i cannot wait to get into this. Fantastic. Concepts, this is meaning able truism, ridiculously obvious thing. Images of when can reflect the time and circumstances and circumstances in which a were made. Be able to talk about the culture that produced it and the artists that are behind it. Here, the images of lincoln and the civil war reflect in a howly vivid, dramatic way art was understood and used, and particularly modern ways, which i think is my next point. We will be looking about some photographs of lincoln because photography is relatively new. Is coming out when it was a comingofage. It was invented in the 1830s. Lincoln is already in his 20s. He cannot have afforded it. But lincoln is the first extensively photographed president. That matters. Is the first extensively photographed president in the first president who actually thought it mattered that he had photographs of him. He had a very modern belief that somehow if you wanted to get elected, you had to get your face out there. He was modern enough. How did he know this . To use photography to his advantage. Well see how he does that. They were extremely modern and their views and uses of media. Not just lincoln, but also the Campaign Around him. People in chicago. We will talk about a print made from the photograph because there is no way, the published photograph, and so much, much later. The 1900s 1880s, if you wanted to publish a photograph, you had to have a drawing made of it in a print made of it and then publish that print. We still thought that was remarkable for this age. That was so incredibly modern. After a photograph, it would say at the bottom. We would see how those are extremely modern. Primarily, we are examining images and sculptures made in the north and in the 19th century. I need you to kind of keep that in mind for a lot of reasons. The south is poor. They lacked artists. They lacked inc. And paper. Men had a lot of their serving in the military. There simply are not that many images of lincoln. We will see one but there are not as money. I terms of the 19th century, will talk about lincoln in the 20th century because he is important into the 20th century art. And maybe into the 21st century, too. By the way, you might have a portrait of Abraham Lincoln on you right now, right . He has the most recognized face, besides jesus, in the western world. Incidentally, his face as much or recognizable today than it ever western his own career. In fact, that is true. After he died, people really understood what he looked like as a media explosion saturated america. If you have a lincoln penny or a five dollar bill, you have an image of lincoln, which is amazing to think about. Face, the topography of his body, and things like that. Can do it, i i want to show you the works from chicago of lincoln. They are great and really interesting. Them. See im working on a project that involves chicago artist, painters, sculptors, and photographers from chicago, who did images of lincoln. Let us see pictures. Pictures, i will show you this again when we certain to our final papers. You will be looking at some of these. If you do a lincolnrelated topic. One of the topics is the old, every statur pulitzer from reporting on a case in 1927. Two italian fishmongers. Executed. Peterson is brilliant. Harold holzer is the preeminent expert on lincoln imagery. Chosen and older source for him, but he keeps writing wonderful things. Kirk savage taught us to be sensitive about race when we look at sculpture of lincoln. Even the images of lincoln that appeared to be freeing enslaved persons are problematic in the relationships they show between lincoln and the enslaved persons. Much needed. Finally, anything from the Abraham Lincoln president ial library and museum. Have you open to springfield . Have you gone to see wonder ful. You will make it down there. I am envious that you are from illinois, many of you. I grew up in ohio. There is a story that lincoln had come to my little, smalltown and he visited a hotel. True. Ot know that it is i hope it is true. I want to believe it is true, but it mattered a great deal. The end of our alley. The group with the presence of lincoln, and that was really something. So alright. This is as much skin as we will see Abraham Lincoln showing. This is a wonderful chicago painting in the museum of chigaco history museum. We do not know a whole lot about it except that it is really big l painting. It was probably used in the campaign in 1860 to elect lincoln for the republican as the republican nominee. That is about as much as we know about it. Right. , they had to come up with some a wayf i dont know, to make all the manual labor lincoln had done acceptable and popular. Richard ogles said railsplitting. We know this, dont we . Ranging, strong, smart, compassionate. Also, he was athletic and was a real splitter. Everybody split rails in western america in illinois. And what was considered the west at that point. Lincoln might have been a little embarrassed. He said, yeah, i split rails. Of course i did. He even had little pieces avoid from the rails he split to show delegates at the convention. They have blogs that maybe he split. Results make him popular for working people or people on the frontier or in the west. His face era so interesting. I dont know if this comes from a photograph or a print. Is kind of it is kind of derives from eight different photograph. Something to remember, artists are using photographs to make their images of lincoln. For the first time, you do not actually have to go sit with someone and make a portrait of them, although they do do that too. Artists and illustrators can refer to the things that are already out there. Hy some sense, that is w many sculptures of lincoln are so accurate. From photographs. There was a facemask also made here in chicago. By the way, did you think lincoln might be holding an ax . Which is ag maul big mallet. The way you split rails is by putting a ledge and a long and hitting it until the log splits. We thank you was splitting axis. Hes a axes. He did that too but this was a maul. 130 different original photographs of lincoln. 66 different occasions by 36 cameraman or i know i will ask you this on the midterm, operators. Theyre called operators. Not cameramen at this time. You were called an operator if you are a photographer in the 19th century. Ever find a photograph and actually, a photograph of lincoln will come to life a lot actually, you in your lifetime will see a couple of new ones. Astounding. We all every link in person goes crazy when a new, if there is even a whisper that there is a new lincoln photograph. If you find one where he has a beard, he is president. If he is an bearded, he is not president yet. Ded, he is not president yet. In fact, he grows it in chicago. The last photograph in chicago shows his new beard sprouting. In that photograph, he does not look very happy. He had a very long day that sunday, but he loved chicago. Mary todd and his family left chicago too. He loved it because the room wonderful theaters because there were wonderful theaters. His wife loved it because of the shopping. Most of that was along lake street. Can you imagine . Underneath the alley. It wasnt until the 19th century the all the shopping changed streets, north and south. Originally, and this makes perfect sense, they grope along the they grew up along the river. All the stores, all the photographers, galleries were along lake street. And lincoln was a really patient sitting for works of art and photographs. He was really nice and accommodating. He wanted things to go well. And so he was patient. Not liket is washington. Remember we talked about washington after he got to after the war . People are coming to mount vernon and knocking on his door . Every artist thought they could make a living if they could get a portrait of George Washington. He did not care for it. He was bored. His teeth hurt. Lincoln was not that way. The other hand, lincolns face virtually never did that. On the far right were any of these. Mary todd, his wife, teased him that this was his photographers face. Loved you know lincoln stories. He was a mimic. He was laughing, smiling, joking, could not stop talking at times but his face was rarely slack like that. That is not the man, you know . If we met lincoln, he would not be in fact, u. S. Have never seen me make this face. Right . That is not how my face goes. And so my family saw photograph say,that, there waould that was so strange. His face was so immobile. Same with lincoln. Heres the first photograph we have of lincoln. This came to light late in the 19th century. Actually, it is about, ida got it from robert todd lincoln, who lived during chicago among other places and died in 1926. This shocked everybody these people do not realize he is so put together. He is really well groomed. He has a Beautiful House on eighth and jackson street in springfield. How may people have been there . Into his house . Ok. He has two boys. Ambitious, really smart wife. He will be going away to the house of representatives to serve in washington. Again, it, startled us because we like to imagine lincoln a little more scruffy and kind of here was ill fitting illfitting clothing were people could say you could see his wrists or his pants are so incredibly short. That will end when he gets a washington and start getting his close made up Brooks Brothers and beautiful tailored clothing, right . This image, by the way, is help can look to use debating Stephen Douglas, who was by far the most famous politician in illinois. He was certainly going to be president one day. He never became president. He invited lincoln to debate the issue of slavery. And in seven locations around illinois, they met and have these huge outdoor fairs. Incredibly long. People brought picnics. These incredible battles of argument that were de decisive n making lincoln known. He did not win the seat he was going for against douglas. Douglas won but suddenly he was a national figure. If you have seen him at any of the seven places, this is how he looked. Incidentally, we will see this thing that stands behind some body who is having their photograph taken called an immobilizer. It is a clamp that goes behind your head. Sometimes, you can see it in photographs of lincoln. It is not a torture device. It, thencked up into your operator you are in focus your operator knew you were in focus and it was a reminder for your head. He had tos so tall, have a little bench behind him. There is one foot of the immobilizer behind him. A rod that goes up and makes his collar stand up a little bit. And so many of the photographs, lincolns tie in so many of the photographs, lincolns tie is crooked, harris scruffy, hair is scruffy. We will get back to lincoln in his face and what maladies he may have had later. In chicago, excuse me, a sculptor, maybe our first professional sculptor in our city and i would love it for you to know his name, leonard. Leonard volk asked if lincoln could have a sitting with him. He solved but he was a star that was he saw that he was a star with rising. He said to lincoln, next time you would come and argue a case, can you please stop up in my floor andn the fifth do me the honor of sitting for me, and lincoln said sure. Saidime came and volk you promised and lincoln honors his promises. He puts wet plaster over lincolns face, put two straws in lincolns knows, and then had to make small talk with lincoln for 45 minutes, 50 minutes. Can you imagine this . Imagine a pressure on an artist. Have you seen the goose brothers . There is one playing down on lake street. So, you are staying at the Tremont Hotel . Stephen douglas stays there. Because lincolns face is covered in plaster. After about 45 minutes, they pride the plaster lose. Some of lincolns harris pulled out and he started getting tearyeyed and they both laughed at that. I thought those can a funny. From that, volk had a most a threedimensional photograph of lincolns face. After lincoln won the nomination, volk went down to springfield and went to and lincolnuse allowed his hands to be caste. With these, he made a whole industry out of lincoln sculptures. Most mind, these are the accurate sculptures of lincoln. I see this online, a death mask. There was no death mask. Theyve done that for other people. Jefferson, washington. Founding fathers when they could. Napoleon. This is a life mask. This is lincoln as he actually 9 for the 1860 185 face, and 1860. Through his a statue made with the mask. You can see how incredibly accurate it is. These are plaster. Patent. K out a you can patent works of art in the 19th century, believe it or not. That would end, we could patent. He patented his statues of Abraham Lincoln. One time, he went to new york this was volk in manhattan walked into a shop and he saw lincoln sculptures. He was like, oh no. He thought they were kind of bootlegged versions, copies. He started destroying the statutes in new york. The police came and he had to explain, hey, i have a patent for these these people are ripping off my work, etc. , etc. We had a photographer who was lincolns great photographer in the early period. This is the first photograph we knew of for a long time before that other photograph surfaced from tarbell. Lincolns hair is so i dont know. Personal feeling is it is to o clean. He cannot do anything with it because he just had a bath or just came from a barber. His hair need some product, right . Need some product to pull this together. And so this is the photograph that a prince was made. I will show you a print. Was made. I will show to win a second. For the delegation show it to you in a second, for the delegation. Wacker. Own like by it burned almost immediately. Lincoln do not attend, but the prince was made from this photograph. You, photograph cannot be published. Let me tell you one story. Got a take out of how he looked and he told a story that you heard newsboys selling the one,. This this is the prince of the photograp this one. This is the print of the photograph. He heard news voice saying, get your picture of abe lincoln. When elected, he will have a better haircut. [laughter] i do not know if that is true or not. He liked to joke about his appearance. He thought he was so hideous looking. He thought he was really ugly. He said every chance he got, he joked about his freakish height, his face. We have taken him at his word for so long. Finally, it took a historian doris who wrote team of rivals, and incredibly appointment book, a biography of lincoln, and shes been on a talk show once i was struck by this she said, he was not ugly. He is handsome. S unusual and interesting and striking that he is not ugly. It was like all of us liked, oh my gosh, that is right. He is not. He is really interesting. I think i might have mentioned this. You know tom hanks is related to lincoln, right . Because lincolns mother was nancy hanks, who died when wiccan was nine. An when lincoln was nine. Tom hanks is lincolns third cousin five times removed. Do not ask me what removed means. I just know the words. Lincolns third cousin five times removed. D. You can see the square face and the striking cheekbones. Ok. Lincoln goes to new york to make a really important speech. The Cooper Union Speech. This is to introduce them to eastern audiences as a serious candidate for the republican party. Lincoln travels to new york and was nervous. He studied and worked hard on this speech. At first, when he got up to talk, people winced and felt sorry for him. N fact, he started speaking the clarity of his arguments made an impression. Who is this guy who had a rural accent . Thank you, mr. Chairman. First words out of his mouth.