Conversation. All right. We will go ahead and get started with the next panel. I want to thank you all for coming back first of all from the break. I want to welcome to panelists up here and thank you for willing to participate in the discussion. Obviously, it is the topic du jour for elections administrators and people in the Scientific Community dealing with election cybersecurity, and securing the election process. By way of background, this topic is obviously the topic du jour coming out of the 2016 election where we saw a nation state actors targeting state level election systems, and registration systems as well as vendors and a spearfishing attempt in 2016 as well as the declaration of the electionses as Critical Infrastructure by the department of homeland security. On this panel, i hope that we can delve into the issues and talk about the operating environment that the election official s a officials are in today, and share the expertise that you have and your experiences and most importantly what steps we are taking to secure the process in 2018 and moving forward to prepping for the primary season, and november. So, i do want to note that jeremy gray is supposed to be a panelist from l. A. Kocounty, an he came down with the flu and we thank him for not coming to share that, but the expertise going to be missed and he is greatly disappointed, and so you all will have to carry the load of not having jeremy there. I want to start out first with the formal introductions, but fortunately i know all of you, and then send it to you to have a opening three to fiveminute opening remarks. Okay. The ob far right is jeremy epstein. Jeremy has been a long time Computer Scientist engaged in computer elections research. Was a member of the Technical Development committee and helping us to write the next standards coming up april of 2018, and he is also a poll worker in the county of Fairfax County of virginia and takes a lot of pride in that and learn willing about the process that way. He is affectionately known as the people in our group as east coast jeremy, because jeremy gray that was supposed to be here was west coast jeremy and so i will try not to refer you to east coast. But that is the plan if jeremy gray had been here. And now from the great state of orhode island secretary corbellia, and i got to know you through the process, and she does not take no for an answer. She wanted to innovate in the state of rhode island and pushed to get innovations into the state of rhode island prior to the last president ial election in 2016 and replacing the equipment and polling reforms in a num bber of ways. So the secretary and her staff r were incredible to work with as they were looking to innovate and improve the overall elections process in rhode island. Thank you for being here, secretary. And to my left is secretary kim wyman of washington and she sis going to be talking about vote by mail, so we should be ready in the benefits of vote by mail. Secretary wyman is unique amongst her peers in that prior to being the secretary of state, she was a local election official, and intimately familiar with how the elections are run, and the challenges of local officials facing and the challenges on the state level implementing new innovative reforms to securing the process in some of what happens when decisions are made in ledge slay chuck, right, that impact you all of the way down to the local level. Secretary wyman, thank you for being here, and partaking in the panel. Finally, last but not least, David Stafford is the supervisor of elections for scamby ya county, florida, which is the pensacola area of florida. If you are not familiar. I suggest that you go to visit david and the wonderful office and more importantly, it is in a wonderful area down there in pensacola. David is part of the National Level conversation regarding the coordinating council and the establishment of elections as Critical Infrastructure, and the department of homeland security, and National Leader on innovating and the use of data as we heard in the last panel and technology to improve services to the voters in es cam ba escambia county. I start with you, jeremy, to open up the conversation, and i am not springing this on him, because he knows that i am going to be asking him to discuss this, but what it means for us to be in a environment where the nation state actors are targeting lek shun systems, and share some of your thoughts on the environment we are in and where we are headed. Thank you, matt, for having me, everyone, and for participating. I should start by saying that although i am the precinct chief for Fairfax County, virginia, and the National Foundation of virginia, neither of those organizations are flekted reflc my comments, and they are my own solely. Usual disclaimer. And so we have been talking for decades about many of these things, so that in a sense there was no surprise, but in another sense it was surprising how brazen some of the attacks were. Perhaps the most critical thing to learn is that if you have a computer, it is internet connected. You may think it is not internet connected, but it s. When i hear the people saying, oh, it is secu secure, because it is not on the internet, and it s. Remember that in the not so distant past we used to spread the viruses through floppy disks, and those are still introducing the same risk risks. I talked to the iranians about stuxnet, and if you are not f familiar with that, that is the case of the nonconnected system infected with malware to put out commission without nuclear centrifu centrifuges, and im not saying that Nuclear Centrifuges and Voting Machines are the same things, but it is demonstrating that you cant be off line. If you think that you are secure, you have not looked hard enough. I spent some time as white hat hacker at one of the good guys who helped the companies, and it is are pretty much a give n tha any system can be broken into, and im glad that dhs is doing the sorts of things that they are doing as part of the status as of a critical resource, and anyone who thinks that it is enough hasnt looked far enough. It is you dont do it once and then you are done. I have looked at some of the reports made public from dhs and they are good, but they are or maybe i should say they are fair, but they dont really demonstrate the level of sophistication that the nation state adversary would have. These systems are uniformly vulnerable, and i think that any cybersecurity expert who looked at any of the systems would come to that conclusion. So we feed to be focused on the detection and the recovery and also to keep in mind that the average lag time according to the fbi from a compromise until the detection is in the range of three to six months, so coming out on the day after election day, and saying that there was no compromise, well, that is not really surprising that you have not seen a compromise, but it may not show up for three to six months on average. Lets see. So, that was interesting. I want to also focus on what we can do now which is the move to paper ballots and eliminating the audits is really important and i want to give a shout out in particular to ed war goe dortez and is he here . I thought that i saw him on the agenda, and he has made some major pushes in virginia, my state, to get paper ballots, and this is a huge change. If you have not read the report that caused virginia to get rid of the remaining dres, it is compelling reading, and i dont mean compelling in the sense of putting you the sleep, but compelling in the sense that if anyone out there thinks that they can use the dres safely, you need to read that report, because what they found was that it is basically too sensitive to tell you how bad it is. And that is something that should be a message for all of u and making sure that we go to the hand marked paper ballots, and we also should recognize that it is a good thing, because it is going to result in shorter lines, and Charles Stewart and i were talking about that and shorter lines. I know that i am supposed to keep this short, and sot let me mention two real brief points. Internet voting, and see what i said previously and number one. If anyone thinks that internet voting is a good idea, what planet are you coming from . This is just not a good idea with any technology that we have today