[applause] ryan well, thank you. How is everyone doing . Everyone excited to be here . Not a great answer if you said no five minutes into the program. Awesome to have you. I was excited when the program was announced and the idea of the theme, forgotten battles of the civil war. The question became what to do next, and at the time that i worked at the fredericksburg military park, the thing about fredericksburg, they were massive battles. Huge. I like to study the smaller engagements. The problem with that, the smaller they are, the harder they are to study. So, dranesville. I was hoping to create a book out of it. I was especially excited to talk about it tonight. Poll the audience, has anyone heard of dranesville before . Whoo ryan ok. Do you know where it is . Less hands, but still a good number. It helps if you turn it on. First things first, dranesville is 15 miles east of leesburg and 20 miles west of washington, d. C. Engagement we will be talking about happens in december of 1861. The first year of these civil war is not over yet. We will be talking about engagements which the confederate and union army. They are both trying to figure out what their deal is and we will find that this is a battle that happens as two forces with ostensibly the same purpose, a foraging expedition, run into each other. One led by jeb stuart and one led by edward ord. And they are exploring the area and they are finding there are a lot of people in the area that do not like them very much. News to me when i found that out. Dranesville is a union victory. It was a victory in december 1861 that comes on the heels of defeat at first bulls run, leesburg, and also at Wilsons Creek in missouri. This defeats, albeit small, is enough to boost the flagging union morale. Its very needed, at least in the fall of 1861. July 22, 1861 is the day after the union was defeated at the battle of bull run or manasses. The idea there is they are going to keep an eye on union forces. They are closing perilously close to the union capital. They are coming into contact with union forces outside of the capitol. We need a person to gain control of the situation and that person, of course, is mcclellan. Mcclellan is recalled from western virginia remember he was fighting robert e lee he comes east. When mcclellan arrives in washington, they immediately start to reorganize the chaotic union forces around the capitol. He runs into his wife by some he writes to his wife, by some strange operation of magic i seem to have become the power of the land. Say what you will about mcclellan, and i am sure you will given the opportunity [laughter] ryan he is the man the union needs at that moment. He is the man that is going to fix the union army. Both armies are called the army of the potomac in 1861. So i will say confederate and union armies. Just know they are both the army of the potomac. Mcclellan will start reorganizing these forces are soldiers waiting for orders. Our next slide is one of those Union Soldiers. This is charles bail of the 9th pennsylvania reserve. He will fight at dranesville. He and his comrades in the pennsylvania reserves had been formed, the state of pennsylvania had raised too many soldiers. The War Department said, you have too many people. The war will be over in 30 days or 90 days, wherever it is. But the governor of pennsylvania has the great idea of turning them into a reserve corps. Thats a good thing because after the defeat at bull run, what do they need . More people. You get these pictures off boxcars and cattle cars bringing all of these soldiers from harrisburg down to washington. So the defenses of washington are getting buffed up a little bit. Again, he will fight at the battle of dranesville. You will see by late summer, early fall, the basic dispositions. You will see the union army has created essentially a buffer around the capitol. And the Confederate Army has created a series of outposts at places Like Falls Church and crossroads. These places are within eyesight of the capital. Confederate flags can be seen flying just outside the capital, which will make Abraham Lincoln very uneasy, this idea that they are that close. What is preventing them from attacking . What i want to focus on, too, are these two people. Familiar faces to us all. On the left is Brigadier General james longstreet. On the right, colonel j. E. B. Stuart. These two men are in charge of those outposts. Stuart is in charge of the mounted cavalry, the first virginia cavalry, the second virginia cavalry, and they are working in conjunction. They work wonderfully together. Longstreet and stuart really complement each other. You will see stuart with longstreets guiding force, stuart gets a little bit more aggressive and a little more aggressive and the little more aggressive, pushing his mounted soldiers closer to washington every day. For claritys sake, you will notice up here is arlington. Everyone know where arlington is . Stuarts Cavalry Force is outside baileys crossroads. The confederate outpost occupies essentially a trio of goals, and and minerssons, hill. Munson, the tallest of the three, is the most prominent of those confederate flags and theres almost daily skirmishing through late summer and early fall of 1861 as federal forces try to push out of washington and stuarts men pushed back. The reason i am talking about this is it is gaining stuart credibility. He proved himself at first bull run and first manasses. These engagements are proving that credibility. With credibility and accolades comes more responsibility, and we will see how stuart does or does not live up to those expectations. As we move to the next slide this is a print that appears in harpers weekly of munson hill. You will see a very prominent confederate flag. That can be seen from washington. Mcclellan is being pressured by Abraham Lincoln. Mcclellan is being pressed by the war secretary get rid of those outposts. That is what he is trying to do. To give you an idea, one of the union accounts says, the men can see one another plainly without a looking glass. Sharpshooting and potshots go back and forth. A famous artillery officer is in sends of ballooning, he balloons into the air. Stuarts first big test is on august 28, when union forces push out of baileys crossroads. The union army says, this is not working. We have to look elsewhere. The union army changes their eyesight. Instead of heading straight into fairfax county, they will move around. A place called chainbridge, they set up a union camp that is today called ethan allen. Recognizable. Today. It becomes a stepping off point. If this is not working, go around. What there i will turn toward again, its not much of anything today. It has been eaten up by the city of washington, but this is a small, small village where all of these converge and these, of course, are roads. Every place a road converges, the union army believes they can get a foothold out of washington. Get more comfortable. And finally push these forces back. Lewinsville will turn out to be a test run for the battle of dranesville. Here we are in specifically the opening days of september 1861. Lewinsville is only six miles from cambridge. The garrison across the river. It is a hop, skip, and a jump. They can move out and begin to push those Confederate Forces back. Keep that in mind. That is the idea. The village itself is hardly impressive. Again, a woodcut that appears in harpers weekly, you see what they say. Miserable broken down town, very virginian in aspect. [laughter] ryan there is a signpost, hardly a town in wisconsin. Again, it does not matter how many houses there are. It is all those roads. That is the big point. Get out of washington. So, it falls to these three men to do that. On the left, William Smith. Nicknamed baldy. On the right, isaac stevens, and in the middle is captain Charles Griffin of the u. S. Artillery. These are all pretty familiar names if you study the civil war. Here they are now. Its interesting to remember this is early in the war. When do you ever hear Charles Griffin referred to as a captain . He is down the river yelling at george meade. Here he is a captain of the u. S. Artillery. Its smiths division to push out. And he will give orders to lead that expedition. He has 1800 men. What he has been told specifically not to do is start a big battle because mcclellan is confident the army is building up strength but mcclellan and big battles do not really jive, do they . Mcclellan says, go out, gather reconnaissance, gather forces, do not start a big battle. Thats his instruction. Smith will give stevens instructions following that. The injunction not to enter an general engagement under any circumstances. Stevens is to march six miles, gather intelligence, maybe some forage, go back to ethan allen without a big fight. Thats exactly what hes going to do. Hes going to leave in the morning of september 11, 1861, and kind of jumping from ethan allen, he arrives in lewinsville the morning. And what he will do is organize the forces of defense. To break it down a little bit, skirmishers in a semicircle guarding all of those roads we have been talking about. The rest of the infantry gather along all of the road networks. When the fight does start, the y can mobilize and fight them. Four guns will guard every intersection with one gun in reserve, and finally, lieutenant of the engineers orlando poe. This is shermans chief engineer. Hes a lieutenant in 1861. Poes objective is to do exactly that, gather intelligence. Mapmake. When the soldiers came to lewinsville, there were a handful of confederate pickets that quickly raced down to the town of falls church. They see them go and think nothing of it. They are just a handful of soldiers. What can they do . But what the soldiers are doing are racing down to j. E. B. Stuarts headquarters in falls church. Because if stevens is supposed to go out and come back, stuart is the opposite. Stuart is the Confederate Response Team that can mobilize and meet any threat along those outposts. Stuart hears word of this union foraging expedition, and he will gather an ad hoc force. Stevens has around 1800 men at lewinsville. Stuart manages to get 500 soldiers together. On the far right, major william carroll, 13th virginian infantry. In the middle, captain thomas rosser. He will have two cannons. So with 500 men, stuarts objective is to stop stevens from whatever he is doing. But remember, stevens is not supposed to get into a general engagement, and that will be important in just a second. To go back to our map, we have the arrival of the 13th virginian. Stuart splits them into two pieces. A wing here and a wing there. Under the cover of the artillery bombardment, the 13th virginia closes in. The skirmishers are pushed. They fall back. Thats exactly what they do. Themishers fall back and lines open fire. Griffins cannons respond. Buttoo many casualties, shells are flying. Mcclellan can hear it from washington. He telegrams cambridge and says, what the heck is going on . No engagements. Why am i hearing the whole world opening up over there . The skirmishing continues. They continued their attack. Stevens gathers his men up and keep that in the back of his mind, no general engagements. As the fighting continues an hour, hour and a half. Stevens returns to fort ethan allen. Stevens has accomplished his objective. He gathered intelligence, gathered forage, back to the fort. Jeb stuart, 500 men, in his opinion what has he just done . He kicked their asses, right . 500 men, outnumbered three to one, and he pushed them back. You have differing opinions on what happened at lewinsville. Longstreet advocates for stuarts promotion to Brigadier General, and that is what stuart is going to get. Perceivedoted for his accomplishments at lewinsville. George mcclellan sees the exact opposite. Our men came back in perfect order. We shall have no more bull run affairs. Both sides see lewinsville as a success. Thats exactly what you should look at it as. Theres about 15 union casualties. Thats a handful, single digits, of confederate casualties. In the great scheme of things, not a big deal, but it was a trial run for what becomes dranesville, because in stuarts mind, he took an outnumbered force to beat a union foraging party. He forces them back. That is exactly what happens in december 1861 with different consequences. As we move forward in time, the union army in late september 1861 goes back to lewinsville. Division,lished the the William Smith division. The second division, they come down from langley. That is of course where the cia is today. What is left of the camp . Nothing. Its under asphalt. There are two divisions, and that scares the beejeebus out of union high command. Under Joseph Johnsons command, they fall back to centreville. Mcclellan has accomplished step one. Give washington, d. C. , some breathing room. With that comes the ability for more union foraging parties to go to outlying areas, gather more intelligence, get more foraging parties. That gets us back to the town of dranesville. This is a map done by bradley godfrey. This map atlas is his. Here is the map. They are moving west toward leesburg to get more food. Remember at the beginning, i mentioned these civilians in dranesville were not too happy to have them in the area. Its a story where i cannot go into too many details, but the union army would go to dranesville three times, and on those three journeys, they are arrest three dozen people, send them back to prison to washington, d. C. Rumors are circulating that some of the dranesville citizens have heads of decapitated Union Soldiers on their signposts. Its false, but that will get the attention of washington officials. Decapitated heads on signposts. They are also noticing theres a andof fertile territory lots of hay and grain. Its essentially a no mans land. Who ever gets there first gets the stuff. Mcclellans reserves are sent to dranesville to gather supplies. That will create a snowball effect. On october 19 and 20, Charles Stone is planning his expedition to leesburg, what becomes the battle of balls bluff. Stone thinks mccall is ther to help him. He doesnt. Kind of the what if question is, what if he had continued down the road to leesburg . The battle of balls bluff maybe would have happened dramatically different or pretty much been a union victory. But he doesnt. Stone is defeated. Big defeat. But for the union army, its also a success. More intelligence on the road. So, you have this time continuum. So, we go to the town itself. Because the union army has come here so many times, they are starting to mention in these reports, instead of the brick house, it is the thorton house. They are getting so familiar with the area, they know who owns the houses, who lives there. This is territory they know. We usually talk about the Confederate Army having the advantage of knowing the area. In fall of 1861, who knows the area better . Union forces or Confederate Forces . Who has been to the town three times in a month and a half . That has a huge impact. Becomes theare battlefield. This area is intimately familiar with these Union Soldiers. Not so much the confederates. We have building suspense going on. These two men, these are familiar faces, yeah . Left, john fulton reynolds. Right, George Gordon meade. They become pretty important people in 1863. On each of the expeditions out to dranesville, one of them leads it. Reynolds goes out and commands an expedition. Meade is none too pleased with what he is doing. For example, this house belongs john gannel, a very prominent secessionist in the area. Very fiery secessionist, and his farm becomes ground zero for stealing forage. Meade does not think it should be the union armys business to take peoples stuff. He writes to his wife, it made me sad to do such injury and i really was ashamed of our cause. It is important to remember these armies are still young. They have a lot to learn. This war will get more vicious. Pennsylvania reserves has three brigades. Who leads the third one . This guy. Edward ord. His brother is named placibus. He joins in november 1861. He jumps from captain to Brigadier General. Thats because of a very good friend of his in the War Department. Ord goes from being captain of artillery in california to being a Brigadier General in the volunteers. He has strings to pull. He graduated from west point. He was william shermans roommate, as a matter of fact. This man knows his business. He knows what hes doing. He will be given instruction to head to dranesville for the third and what will be the final time. Reynolds first, meade second, ord third. He gets orders on december 19, 1861. The object of this expedition is twofold. One, secure the civilians we were talking about. Secondly, gather forage. Ord has his marching orders. Head to town on december 20. Make sure the townspeople are not being troublemakers. Gather food. Come back to langley. He gathers his force up. These are Union Regiments in pennsylvania reserves. He has about 5500 men. This is early in the war. Since when are six regiments all of infantry almost 5500 soldiers . When do you hear that question . He is marching out of langley with these forces first thing on the morning december 20, 1861. Well, if stuart got word of the union strikeforce at lewinsville, did he get word of the union strikeforce at dranesville . The answer is of course. He writes that stuart came to the camp, explained the situation, stuart says he is going to dranesville to stop the supposed union expedition. He rides to general Joseph Johnsons headquarters to get permission. To give you an idea, he rides through the night. Its 7 00 p. M. , pitch black. Its december. By the time he gets back from headquarters its 4 00 a. M. , but stuart has his approval to go. He has his approval from joseph johnston. Stuart gathers up soldiers of his own and now hes ready to go. I mentioned that stuart has somewhere between 1600 and 2500 men. In his own report he said he had 1600 soldiers under his command. Lets cut to the chase. Stuart gets his butt kicked. If you get your butt kicked, and you want to explain it, do you want to say you had more or less people . Thats it. I think hes closer to 2500 soldiers, but he says he has fewer. He also has 300 wagons of his own. Stuart is going to go to dranesville. He is going to gather supplies. He is going to head back to camp. Ostensibly competing expeditions with wagons to be filled with supplies converging on each other. They are going to hit into each other. This here is not a very good map. Dont worry about it. We will get to a better one is a second. Leesburg is down here further. This is the town of dranesville. What i want to point out here are the blue lines and red lines. These are skirmishers, the skirmishers who are watching the approach of both armies will run into each other, kind of by accident. They will realize these forces are much, much closer in proximity. Stuarts force is in a bunch of pine trees. You cant move around very well in pine trees. The union forces have all of these roads. The union army wins the footrace themanesville, which wins the Higher Ground outside of town. These two skirmishing Units Company e and the pittsburgh rifles of the ninth pennsylvania reserve. This is one of the accounts from the ninth pennsylvania reserve. A man fighting over here. We were so intently watching the approaching column that we forgot the boys in gray could also call up skirmishers until zip, zip, zip. Rifle balls came in on both flanks. We rallied. Opening shots, then they fall back to the turnpike. In those opening shots, 20yearold Alexander Smith from pittsburgh, pennsylvania, shot in the neck. He will die two weeks later. He is the battles First Casualty as far as i can tell. He is buried at pittsburgh. This 20yearold kid falling on the pine trees as everyone falls back in confusion. Now the battle is joined. I mentioned that ord wins the foot race. This is ed alexanders map. Where is ed . There he is. You will see a lot of cool maps this weekend. Ed made all of these. Ed surprise me with an email saying, surprise, i made you a map. This is probably the best map that exists ever on the battle of dranesville. Ed alexander deserves a huge round of applause. [applause] you will see a lot of these maps over the course of the weekend. Ord wins the footrace to dranesville. He has the turnpike, faster mobility, and the high ground. Whats called dranes hill. On top of the hill, he will deploy artillery. This is probably the best depiction of the battle. This is accurate, as far as i can tell. Heres the leesburg pike, the Union Artillery, the pine trees, you have the battle unfolding and the battle will hinge on 2 individuals. One is Lieutenant Colonel thomas payne of the bachtals, who will command union forces. The other person is hezekiah easton. We dont see many people named hezikiah. His artillery deploys on top of dranesville and opens fire. It is a turkey shoot. They are firing straight down the hill as the Confederate Forces come out of the pine trees. Thomas kane leading his soldiers in the fight says, forward buck tales, there is fun ahead. They take up position in a thorton house, they turn it into a fortress and open fire. The battle will become one of disoriented confederates attacking from pine trees, and union forces firing from their position along the road network. The fighting will continue. One of the canoneers pulled off their coats and came to work in earnest amidst a hailstorm of bullets. The rebels fell before it like autumn leaves before a hurricane. Remember that only three years earlier, ord had gone to Artillery School at fort munroe. He is among the thick of it. He is leading this battery telling them where to elevate their pieces. Hes playing a pivotal role in that engagement. The opposite is not true for the confederates. This smoke cloud would have been located from sumter, georgia. Jed stewart, not an artillery officer, doesnt know what to do with these guns. He tries to deploy, but the road isnt wide enough. Theres too many pine trees. The battery of 4 guns can only unload 2 at a time. They are getting stacked on top of each other, they cant find a valuable target. It is shooting fish in a barrel. The Union Artillery firing downhill is hitting them every single time. Pretty graphic account comes from a confederate artillery officer who will explain the situation that 2 men on the number three gun were standing in the fire like men when a shot severed their heads from their bodies. There are numerous confederate accounts that mentions this moment. It is worth noting these are a lot of soldiers First Experience in combat. As they deployed for the very first time and see this solid shot take off two mens heads, it sticks with you. Account after account mentions this moment. One of the canons that the sumter artillery was using was borrowed from the jeff davis artillery. When they returned it, the other battery finds brains in the wheel spokes. It is grisly. It continues for about two hours. If you are going to make any progress on the union battle line, you have to get rid of the canons. It falls to a series of confederate infantry regiments pushing them off. They will deploy simultaneously. As we talk about the regiments, all of this fighting is occurring at the same time. One of the first regiments to deploy is the 11th virginia. They had fought on july 18th, 1861, at blackburns ford, 3 days before manassas. These are the only men with combat experience. They run into the same problem, the pine trees. Colonel garland is trying to lead them ahead. He cant see anything. Visibility is about 50 yards. To give you an idea of whats going on, a soldier says, our regiment did not do much firing, because they were 200 yards from the battery. They could have slaughtered every one of them if they had shown themselves. In this confusion, 2 of them walk into the pines and get lost. They get disconnected, cant find anything, so they wait for the end of the battle. Another soldier writes the jeb stuart rides up to them and screams to them to stand their ground and die as the firing continues. Stuart is running around like a chicken with his head cut off, not able to take control of the situation. This is not lewinsville. He attacked and the union army crumbled. At dranesville they are standing him, and ord is making him pay for every single step they take. Stewart sends a second regiment to help out. That is the 10th alabama. They will suffer some of the highest casualties of the day. To give you an idea of whats going on, they run into a series of pennsylvanians. One of them writes, i ordered all of them to fire, the order was so well obeyed, the enemy was turned into confusion, and they retreated into the woods from which they just advanced. The 10th alabama attacked out of the pines and into the clearing. They light them up like a christmas tree. It is horrendous casualties. On the left, the Lieutenant Colonel, who is a judge from alabama who had a leave of absence from the army to attend a court. He did not want to miss the action in his regiment, so he stays with them. Hes shot twice in the chest and is killed instantly. On the right, colonel john formy, he gets his arm shattered. In a matter of minutes, 10th alabama loses their colonel, Lieutenant Colonel, john forneys brother is also killed. Officers are falling left and right. The 10th alabama retreats in wild confusion. That same confusion will continue on the left side of the road. Here is the 6th South Carolina. They are attacking into position. One of the confederate soldiers says we had as bad a position as we could. Being in the pine shrubs where we cannot see as well. One of their officers, john bratton, writes, the order was given to all to fall to the ground. I gave it if no one else did. I remarked to ben, our wives cannot know our condition. As the bullets sailed overhead. As the firing continues, this is to a 17yearold, frank english from columbia, South Carolina. Frank english, 17 years old, is killed instantly in the battle of dranesville. Bratton and english were cousins. Bratton wrote the telegram back home saying he is dead. This fighting is going to get worse. Behind the 6th South Carolina comes the First Kentucky infantry. They see the 6th carolina in the distance and thinks they are Union Soldiers. The major of the 6th South Carolina writes he heard ready, aim, and saw the kentuckians in the kneeling positions with their rifles leveled upon us. Then there came a solid clashing volley. Alabama is getting hit from the front, the back, officers are going down, they break to the rear, which leaves the First Kentucky to figure out their problems. They get so close to the pennsylvanians that they call out to each other. What regiment are you . Pennsylvania reserves, who wait, because they are not sure who is in front of them. They learn who they are and the kentuckians open fire. The volley is being exchanged at 50 yards. In the confusion of the battle, the colonel of the First Kentucky, thomas taylor, he gets separated from the fighting. He has to wait until nightfall to escape the battlefield. When confederates retreat, they leave their colonel behind enemy lines. He waits for darkness and creeps back to the confederate camp. With the First Kentucky falling back as well, you have this sketch that shows the end of the fight. If we compare, the leesburg turnpike is right here, the thorton house is right here, and union forces are counterattacking as confederate soldiers retreat from the battle. The battle lasts about two hours. Stuart is left holding the pieces. Stuart is left so disheveled, he will gather up the reins of horses and try and drag them back himself. He was a Brigadier General holding a bunch of horses that were dead, because he was out of his element. He would write to his wife, men were falling like tin pins around me, but i was unscathed. The chaos of this battle, bullets, shells flying through the air. A newspaper has this to put. It talks about the horrors of the battle. Dead and dying all around. For the wounded that could be removed, they brought down to a place called the frying pan meetinghouse. It becomes a Field Hospital for Confederate Forces, regimental surgeons descend on the frying pan to help aid the wounded and the dying. The union army left in control of the battlefield picks up their dead and wounded, brings them back to washington. The worst of the confederate wounded are left in dranesville in private homes. The fighting starts to peter out and finally end. Losses. On the left, the union army has around 68 casualties. The Confederate Army has 204. This is not a big battle. This is not antietam. For the soldiers who go into combat for the first time seeing people be decapitated, people firing on their own men, it is a horrific experience. The sixth South Carolina, they lose almost 70. The 10th alabama loses 68. For the 6th South Carolina, these 69 soldiers is 20 of what they brought into battle. In this fight, you lose 20 . And what kind of experience that leaves them. The aftermath of the defeat, you get blaming. I think this is interesting to note. People dont know who jeb stuart will become. They think hes another guy who doesnt know what hes doing. This is a selma, alabama reporter who says stuart had risen to a post above his standing, and im sure they will eat their words in spring 1862. In the winter of 1861, they see a general who is not doing anything. The confederate soldier writes, it was the work of general stuart. I think a very poor infantry officer, if i may judge by this affair. The affair with a strange and foolish one, so far as i am able to see and most awfully manage. Joseph johnston and beauregard are unimpressed with jeb stuart. Stuart thinks he is slighted. Have i no friends in congress . This backandforth sways back and forth. In the middle of that, the union army is left high and mighty. Not only do they win the fight, they gathered almost 100 wagon fulls of forage during the battle. They retreat back to washington, check success, it is a good day. Coming on the heels of defeat, morale is pretty high. The secretary of war rights to George Mccall that it was a bright spot that gives assurances of the successes of coming events. Be to inspirest confidence and the cause of our country will triumph. The governor of pennsylvania on the right comes down to langley and instructs the regiments who have fought to have in gold letters dranesville inscribed on their battle flags. This morale is soaring high. This is what ord has to say. He thought it was another day in the park. My artillery slaughtered them. It was the old story. They had ignoramus for a general, a fool of an artillery officer, and i took it for granted. I made the reconnaissance. I posted our artillery where i would have placed it. I smashed it well. Jeb stuart is called an ignoramus by his opponent. Lets get to the end. The battle of dranesville will recede from memory pretty quick. The confederates dont write about it, they move on. The Union Soldiers stop writing about it the next day when they get into the battles of manasses. They come back to it. This is a dedication of the 9th pennsylvania reserve. They will remember the battle of dranesville decades later. When it comes time for their annual reunions, on the anniversary of dranesville, even pennsylvania reserve regiments that hadnt fought at dranesville have their anniversary closer to September December 20. It is the first victory they had. It is something they have for them. They are keeping in mind. This is from 1903. The membership of the association is becoming reduced by natural causes. Soldiers are dying of old age, but they still remember dranesville. I want to finish with this last slide. This one. I dont expect you to read this. This is 272 names. 272 names of the casualties of dranesville. The killed, wounded, the captured of the battle. Why does the battle matter . Because they matter. Their memory matters. With that, i want to thank you all for listening. Hopefully, we will have a great weekend from here. Thank you so much. [applause] we have time for a couple questions. Anybody have any questions . Anybody . Ok, over here in the corner. Second. Me a [indiscernible] ryan it is escalating. Thats why meade writes back to his wife that it is and what hes supposed to do. Their justification is john canal serves in the Confederate Army, hes in the infantry regiment. The idea is it is not just a random citizen, its a confederate officer they are taking from. That does not do it for mead, who says is not what hes there for. That attitude gets different as the war continues. In the fall of 1861, people are questioning what they are doing there. That is mcclellanite, mcclellan also doesnt want to touch peoples stuff. That will change as the war continues. [indiscernible] i love the connectivity this early in the war. The one connected with ord, did he become ross crans chief of staff . Yes, chief of staff killed at sons river. He names one of his sons. [indiscernible] his brother is killed on the sheridan . Yes. Thank you. [indiscernible] introducep and yourself please. Said heestion is stuart only had 1600. What was it . You said he wasnt correct. Was he challenged by the media you said it was an excuse. It would be pretty easily provable. One would know the composition of his forces. Thats my question, what is the source the he had more than 1600 . Ryan its a good point you mention the news reports. There are private soldiers who write letters back home to places like alabama, richmond, that they had 2500 soldiers. These soldiers with the column counting the regiments are explaining they have more. Thats why i hesitate towards that. When you mention superiors, it drives me insane. Joseph johnston and gt beauregard never write about dranesville. They never write a report, never a dispatch. Who told jeb stuart to go to dranesville . Thats something i have never been able to discover. I cant find anything. Johnson doesnt mention it in his memoirs. Beauregard doesnt mention any dispatches. I have no idea where stuart got the idea to go. All i know is he got the goahead from johnston based on felix calloways account, because he rode to johnstons headquarters and got the goahead. Whose idea it was in the first place, i dont know. The reason i think stuart has the regiments he has, hes in charge of the outposts of the Confederate Army. Regiments were rotated every day or so or every five days. It is these regiments misfortune to be on outpost duty this day. I dont have johnston writing where he told stuart to go. It is based off of other soldiers writing into newspapers saying they had more people than 1600. One of the things i have found fascinating about this battle is jeb stuart has one of his best days of the war commanding infantry. If you think about may 8 at spotsylvania, as hes directing the first corps, the third day at chancellorsville. We forget he had this warm up. Theres amazing repercussions later on. Chris has hit the nail on the genesis of this project. When i was working at chancellor sville, and it came time for jackson to get shot, my question was if he ever commanded infantry before may 3, 1863. Welcome to rabbit hole number one. It is interesting how you learn lessons. May 8 at laurel hill, he doesnt send guys forward like he does here. I think hes taking his lessons and learning with them. May 30, 1863, is interesting because hes whistling. Meanwhile, third army is losing tens of thousands of people. It does show a disconnect, because you should not be whistling when guys are being slaughtered. At least to that degree. He is learning in 1861, 1863, 1864, right before his death. It is a rabbit hole i went down when i asked myself if he ever commanded people before that. He says it is where the whole number one is. Imagine what other rabbit hole he has. [applause] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2019] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] tv,his is American History where every weekend we spent 48 hours exploring our nations p ast. The house will be in order. For 40 years, cspan has been providing america unfiltered coverage of congress, the white house, the supreme court, and Public Policy events around the country. 1979, cspanble in is brought to you by your local cable or satellite provider. Cspan, your unfiltered view of government. This weekend on american artifacts, we visit this and sony and National Portrait gallery. Here is a preview. Woodhall was well ahead of her time. She started her business as a wall street anchor. She advocated for free love, which means sex outside of marriage, which was definitely outside of the norm for women in 1870, and she also ran for president on the thirdparty ticket. We have her attempting to vote, asserting her right to vote as she would see it. She voted when you are not supposed about as a woman. Here she is, she is pointing her finger in the air and asserting her right to vote. She has just dropped her vote into the about box. Lots of women at this time were doing what would be referred to today as illegal voting. It was explicitly illegal for women to vote. Victoria what hall was one of thousands across the country who sought to change the system by going out, voting, getting arrested, not paying the fine, then serving the sentence in jail so that then they can appeal through the court system. They tried to change the loss that way. Continue the chore on american artifacts. 10 00 at 6 00 and eastern. You are watching American History tv. Next on the civil war, reflects edward airs on the making of his online project, the valley of the shadow government which tells the story of the civil war from the perspective of two communities, one northern and 17. The talk was part of the Gettysburg College civil war. Nstitute annual Summer College good afternoon. I am peter carmichael, member of the History Department at Gettysburg College. Welcome pleasure to professor edward airs for the robert bloom lecture. Rightthe top your boat professor of the humanities and Professor Emeritus at the university of richmond. He is the author of numerous books and articles, including in the presence of mine enemies, civil war i
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