Good morning, and welcome to the u. S. Chamber of commerce and to launch, the space economy, our Second Annual space summit. Events such as this are a team effort and we deeply appreciate the support of our sponsors, boeing, northrop, rocket lab, oneweb, hawkeye 360, and ascend. We have been businessy over the past year. From policy discussions ranging from management of commercial aviation and space launch airspace, to small satellite encryption and deorbit insurance and commercial opportunities aboard the iss and future gateway. We even convened a roundtable with a commandant of the u. S. Coast guard regarding the need of greater use of spaceenabled surveillance of the arctic waterways. Suffice to say the chambers procurement and Space Industry Council has an everexpanding set of policy pursuits. Fortunately, we have an enthusiastic space industry ceo here at the chamber. After last years summit tom donahue bro an articwrote an ar which i will quote. He wrote, harnessing the economic potential of space will be no easy feat. It took hundreds of years to create an efficient and wellregulated maritime system and nearly a century for aviation but, he added, they with both vital parts of the Global Economy and space increasingly is, too. Indeed, he wrote, space is the new economic frontier. The public and private sectors must Work Together as partners and pioneers to leverage its vast potential for humankind. Im not sure that it can be said any better. But before i introduce this ceo of the u. S. Chamber, we have a brief video that i think you will like. If we could roll that now. Greetings from the International Space station. Im nasa astronaut christina cook. On behalf of the expedition 61 crew, we would like to welcome the attendees of the 2019 space summit aboard our magnificent laboratory. We are appreciative of the u. S. Chambers support and commitment to enabling commercial partnerships and Strategic Investments especially in the space industry. As we fly 255 miles above you, we are making great progress on a number of experiments. For example, examining how microgravity can improve the health of people on earth. We expect this trend to continue as we approach the 20th continuous year of humans living and working aboard the space station. While we couldnt join you in person, were happy to have joined you today from orbit and wish you all a productive space summit. And with that, tom donohue, ceo of the u. S. Chamber of commerce. [ applause ] you guys in a few minutes, im going to go out to the airport and on a horizontal basis, im going to fly about 250 miles, and its unbelievable to think that you just saw a quick video from space and people are telling me that you aint seen nothing yet. So im glad youre all here. Christian, you and your team have put together a great event. Thanks to all the folks on the space station for tuning in with us for a few minutes. Its great for us to see so much commercial work under way on the International Space station. Truly, a jewel in the crown of a cuttingedge research youre going to see as we go forward. Id also like to thank all of you who are joining us today, whether as a speaker, a panelist, a participant, or whatever youre doing, its just great to have you here again or anew. Let me just make one observation. I went through all the programs this morning on the way here and i was really taken back by the extraordinary number of and quality of speakers that were going to have today. If you just look carefully at that whole agenda of whos going to be here, there is no question that were on our way to space in a huge way. This years summit is appropriately titled, launch the space economy. The name perfectly describes where the industry is headed. In recent years, we witnessed a s sea change in special space. Were officially moved beyond the countdown to the point of liftoff. Think of this. Today, there are less than 2,000 active satellites in orbit, but last year, alone, the fcc licensed over 13,000 satellites for operations in lowearth orbit. Space is the most promising industry to arise since the birth of the tech sector and Companies Large and small want a piece of the action. Thats why in the coming years growth will continue to skyrocket. The u. S. Chamber projects that commercial space will be at least a 1. 5 trillion industry by 2040, and if there are stimulus from competing operations around the globe, that will happen faster, in a competitive way, and a much more vigorous investment. If that doesnt give you a pause, then you aint paying attention. The future of our economy is being built right before your eyes, and it is poised to upend everything that came before. Commercial space will transform how all societies across the globe learn, communicate, thrive, and grow, and thats only using space hundreds of miles above us. If you just think, if you just think back in the last six months the things weve learned, the things weve read, the things weve seen, on what were finding, new black holes, extraordinary deeper into the space and the next space and the next space. Its unbelievable and i want to say, again, what youre watching and what were working on is only the beginning and as soon as we get one place, were going on further. Commercial space is something that stimulates the mind and has a Great Potential to fundamentally change our education system. All civilizations throughout history look to the heavens and wonder and they pray. Now we have the chance to reach up and grasp those dreams and the opportunities are endless. Space isnt an empty void, but it is a landscape of near infinite opportunity. The materials and the Energy Resources that are scarce here on earth are everywhere in our solar system. Lunar colonies, astronaut, mining, and interplanetary travel, once the stuff of Science Fictions could soon become a reality. But for that to happen, we need sensible Public Policies that will foster the innovation in, investment, and growth necessary for continued commercial expansion into space. Thats where the chamber comes in in our small way. Were working with all the private and Public Sector stakeholders to chart the course toward a mature commercial space Regulatory Regime. Thats the reason we brought you all here today. Its you, our nations business leaders, policy experts, and government officials who are laying the groundwork for a new age in Space Exploration. Were eager to hear from both government and industry this morning as you Work Together to build a National Space policy that will help us lead the world into the next economic frontier. The future of our economy depends upon vigorous pursuit of industry beyond earth. And with the right combination of private investment and Public Policy, our potential for growth, like space, itself, has no limits. So lets learn from each other today. Lets boldly venture into the beyond and lets go there together. And thanks to all of you, again, for joining us and for making this a very, very, important event, the next step to space. Thank you very much. [ applause ] please welcome jim chilton, Senior Vice President , space and launch, boeing defense, space, and security, at the boeing company. And neil bradley, executive Vice President and chief policy officer, the u. S. Chamber of commerce. Good morning. [ applause ] good morning. Well, jim, thanks for joining us this morning, helping us kick off our Second Annual space summit, our launch program. I wonder if we can just start kind of top line and tell us a little bit about boeings history in the Space Exploration and space program, which i know is, frankly, a lot richer than i certainly appreciated then maybe many in our audience appreciate and also how a little bit youre thinking about your priorities today. Okay. Well, one priority is to thank the chamber and all the people here. You and tom. This is a great event. I know it got a great start last year, so thank you for that. You know, kind of from a history and legacy perspective, a lot of people dont know, but boeing goes back a good 60 years in human spaceflight and about the same in satellites to include commercial satellites, so if you look at the legacy companies, we were part of mercury and gemini. Apollo, on both ends of the rocket, built devices. The lunar rovers were boeing products coming out of kent, washington. I know thats a long time ago, but it makes our workforce very proud. There are still technical papers and Lessons Learned there, so were able tointerested, as if the work doesnt do that. You know, if you look, i think the first commercial satellite rolled out of our factory in california, sencom 1 in 1962 maybe. I might be off a year there. Since then, satellites have been rolling out of what was an auto plant. If you look more recently, we had the privilege of serving nasa on the Space Shuttle program. Those orbiters are a marvel. If you havent gotten to a museum to see one of them, im a little biased because i got to work the program during my working life and those things enabled the Great Observatories and also enabled construction of the International Space station which people are familiar with. A huge amount of learning as our nation and partner nations on station, kind of ill call it conquered lowearth orbit. Maybe we didnt conquer it, but we sure learned a lot about it and the kids coming out of high school today do not know a time when humans havent lived continuously in space. So theres a new generation coming. Now, from our workforce standpoint, shuttle and station are very relevant. The shuttle Lessons Learned from our starliner product are huge. The i would argue nasas space station and the International Partners space station, that is the Human Space Program for our country and a lot of the world today. And we just keep learning. So the ability to learn how to human rate systems, the learning that comes off on orbit environments, kind of the crew ops, training, how fast you have to move when you get an unexpected event, that is just fantastic for our workforce. So, i wanted to start with the history because as i mentioned backstage, i was home in oklahoma with my family over the thanksgiving holiday. We went to the tulsa air and space museum, and some of those companies that are now part of the boeing corporation where some of those products that you just talked about were built in tulsa and some of the volunteer docents at that museum were the ones who helped design the payload doors, protection, on the Space Shuttle program and its amazing ksh not amazing remarkable the pride they take and work they did having been a part of putting americans into space and our space dominance at the time and how they translate that to even my 9yearold son in terms of what they can be a part of. I think sometimes we skip so quickly to the present were forgetting about how were building on that kind of legacy that rightfully people who you and people who preceded you have a deserved pride in what youve accomplished. So thanks for bringing that together and thanks for what boeing does, in particular, to help educate younger americans to kind of follow your footsteps. One of your colleagues who was with us last year is Chris Ferguson. For those of you who were here and joined us, chris was a nasa astrona astronaut, been in space, but hes currently no longer with nasa but he is training to go back to space and preparing to go back into space in a couple years. As part of Boeings Starliner program. Tell us a little bit about how you bring together the expertise of someone like chris has and his history in nasa, kind of the public side of Space Exploration and the expertise that you all have in the private sector side and how that marriage works and what kind of opportunities that creates as we think about how the u. S. Returns to human spaceflight. Yeah, thats a great perspective. I havent thought about both the public and internal part of it. Ill start by saying, you know, were working the commercial crew program. Our interest is something called the starliner. Really proud of it. Going to fly it. Were counting down days now, not months and weeks. How many days . I think were looking at the 19th. Okay. In fact, ill just disclose, we asked the range over the weekend. We were on the 17th. We asked for the 19th. And theyre they may have dispositioned that by now. I dont know. Thats what we prefer. We had something come up over the weekend on the purge ducting, the rocket feeds the spacecraft and the purge ducting was a little off, so we just told the team get it how you need to get it and well wait. So, number one, we call it the commercial crew program, but right now we are serving nasa and i need to just really thank nasa because a lot of what we know about human spaceflight, what boeing is able to do, we learned from nasa. You know, we served them for a long time. But were also bringing in a lot of techniques and approaches and were really doing this with much less nasa direct involvement than weve had in the past. And so having chris on the team is immensely valuable, in our view. You bring him into the team, you put a boeing badge on him, first off, he has an effect on all of us. You know, we all know these are very brave americans. These are also really smart people. So he has a great ability to lead other people. He has maybe too much ability to say, i could probably handle that risk, you know, but his his participation in those design trades and how are we actually going to operate this vehicle, has been invaluable and we think that has we just needed that inside the tent. I am in no way says the nasa aft astronauts are not able tole to in and participate in that way. Its been cool for chris to see how things work behind the curtain. To include our schedules and timelines and test protocols. So i think that has a good effect on both of us. That gets him able to very fairly represent the nasa in the quarters hes uniquely able to do. And, you know, ill close that question by just saying if youre an engineer entering the workforce or a technician that wants to build something just right, or youre off trying to work with other nations or individuals who may want to buy a commercial ride on this, the ability to go ask chris a question, or say, hey, what do you think about this or that, its honestly a thrill. Im glad hes not here because hed be mad at me for ill affirm that. Last year when he was here, i think i had lunch with him the day before and i walked in with naive questions for someone whos not in your line of work and his ability to walk through some of those things is a credit both to him but also i think to what hes learning with this kind of advent of how we go back into space. Right . Because the starliner is a lot different than for those who think about mercury, gemini, even the shuttle, this looks a lot different, feels a lot different. How has that transition been in terms of explaining to people boeings vision for what the commercial space crew experience looks like. So let me describe it as a composite. So, number one, the physics of carrying people safely to space, protecting them while theyre there and bringing them home safely to earth really havent changed and were not going to walk away from what weve learned. Safety first. I dont think anybody needs to hear us foot stomp that, but that fundamentally doesnt change. The Business Models very difficult. What were trying to do with the machines after we get flying for nasa is really very different. So when i say its a composite, you know, chris is an inspiring guy, but hes also a hardnosed test pilot. We have some pretty tough chief engineers and ops bosses who are going to build that thing right. At the same time, we know from our commercial airplane business and other commercial ventures were in the optics of how you sell it and how you might arrange the seats and be able to reconfigure them. Thats all much different than nasa, how we might be able to sell it and create value in the future. And thats a lot of fun for the team as well, but its got to be thought through carefully. So, thats where i wanted to go a little bit next, right, so the Current Administration has a renewed focus on Space Exploration, returning americans and american vehicles into space, but youre also thinking about it beyond that. Youre thinking about it from the commercial side of it. So talk to us a little bit about in the same way that you kind of combined the best of Chris Ferguson with the best of boeing, how do you marry up the administrations vision for what it wants to do in terms of Space Exploration and understanding that thats got to take place over multiple congresses and multiple administrations, with what boeing wants to do in terms of planning out a commercial enterpri enterprise. How do those things fit together . Are there opportunities that are presented . Are there conflicts . There are potential for conflicts. I think the first answer is its a great opportunity. I would remind everybody that, you you know, nasa has a policy objective. In addition to taking americans to space and others from u. S. Soil, which is job one, full stop, they also want to stimulate a lowearth orbit ecosystem. They want commercial companies to succeed. So the idea that we work for nasa, you know, we to some extent we have their policy blessing to try to fly these things but also use them for customers other than nasa. And you see them doing smart things with the International Space station environment to try to help us do that. So there could be a conflict. Hypothetical hypothetically, a customer could want to fly at the