Forovements in methods processing, and the ever increasing volume of mail. These are some of the things in which rnd developers are finding new answers. This will show you a few of the areas of research underway, and some of the developing hardware. Use of controlled and compressed air is getting increased attention for possible use in processing mail. Devicesion of control could eliminate many moving parts and reduce maintenance costs. Seen in slow motion, this test device and the postal laboratory roles letters over by controlled jets of their. Jets of air. This separates letters from those that will not pass Mail Processing machines. Another air jet controlled device dates letter to mail in transit. While this one diverts mail automatically. Notice the first decision location, where the stream of letters is diverted to left or right. And then, farther down the divert other jets letters into two directions. Test laboratory, this device uses directive air jets to edge mail on its long side as it comes over a Conveyor Belt. An air control device in the laboratory present an unusual idea. This prototype has been developed to separate letter mail from other collection mail. Small parcels, papers, large, flat envelopes, rolls and the like. Assorted collection mail is emptied into the device. Mail to a carries the screen time conveyor. Air forced through at 1350 feet per minute floats mail light in relation to its area to the top of the chamber. Here, a second mesh type moving film carries it to a separate conveyor. In relation heavy to its service area remains on the lower belt and is carried to a different separator. 40,000 pieces of mail per our can be handled in this mixed m ail , rndin another laboratory engineers are working with industry engineers to create a machine that will operate at very high speeds. This model does not have a sensing or encapsulating but the mechanical forms can be used in post offices today. One of these functions is letter feeding. Letters are put over a high speeding a highspeed drama one by one from the bottom of a stack. Up theation wheels speed letter and they are propelled through the system writing on a riding on a cushion of air. A slow motion has been used to film some of the process. Note that the letters passed into the model on the flat side on their flat side. Up on to a tray. Letters face down are rolled over and sped directly to the stackers. Letters face down with stamps trailing bypass the section before reaching the stacker. And then stackingrs just before and that story ended with stamps in the same location, ready for the post marking operation. Transporting for to the sorting area. An empty tray automatically takes its place. Development of control techniques is continuing in areas where reduction in costs and improvement in performance make reliability can be. Chieved thisother laboratory, breadboard model of a highspeed transport system. It is being developed by rnd engineers. Up to 50,000 letters pretomorrow an hour. Here, near the feeding gate, one operation will differ from different equipment to achieve this highspeed. Near the feeding date, one of two stamp protectors will be installed. All envelopes having stamps in a down position will be bypassed and sent to a second detector at the cancellation end of the machine. The remainder of the mail will be turned over so that the stamps will also be in the down position. A new type of turnover belt is seen here in slowmotion. It is designed for gentle handling of mail as well as for long life. The letters with recognizable stamps are turned over to the down position to flow past a second stamp collector. At this point, the cancellation unit will be installed. All recognizable stamps will be through the use of a device now under development. Devices will be installed at the end of the system in place of the five now in use. A prototype model will be tested soon under actual working conditions. The present methods of shipping empty sacks from one area to another for reuse is either to stuff 19 into another one to create an unyielding weight of about 70 pounds. Or to roll five empty sacks into a bundle. This is an R D Development to facilitate the handling and shipping of empty mail sacks. Inspected, flattened sacs at fixed positions along the horizontal Conveyor Belt. As the belt moves slowly at six feet per minute, loaders pile up sacks so the stack arriving contains 120. Total control stops the conveyor when a stock arrives directly below the baylor. As the baylor compresses the stack to about half its height, mental strap is inserted. It feeds the strap and around the stack. This operation is being automated. The strapped bale advances to the exit conveyor while another stack reaches the baler. The accumulator system now shunts the bale to the takeaway station. At this point, power handles the bale for storage or shipment. Advantage of this system include gaining a Warehouse Space and ease of inventory. Easy mechanical handling, and more sacks per cue, with flattened sacs ready for immediate reuse. Designed to relieve mail handlers of the laborious tax of task of emptying mail, this for level hamper dump or mechanize is the operation. Hamper dumper mechanizes the operation. The loaded hamper is positioned on the dumping mechanism. Raising the lever latch is the hamper securely and automatic sequencing turns it upside down to unload the contents. Pushing the control lever downwards, returns the hamper to floor level where it is automatically a much. The controls are simple. Start button, stop button. A warning light turns red when power is on. Each operation is registered. Placing the collector switch in low position. Will dump a lower hamper to floor level. When turned to the high position, a hamper with extensions will be dumped to floor level. For a standard hamper may be dumped into the hopper of a portable conveyor. The mechanism operates to the cycle of about six seconds per dumping and four seconds for returning the empty hamper to floor level. Another physical operation for mechanization is manual emptying of sacks. This prototype shakeout system developed by r d and contract engineers is in daily use on a work floor. A horizontal conveyor moves sacked mail to the shakeout table. Here, two mail handlers prepare the sacks for all automatic shakeup. One spreads the sack opening wide. The other claims the bottom two corners of each sack into specially designed clamps. The clamps append each sack at the edge of the table and the parcels dropout. To ensure each sac will be empty, and eccentric shaker shakes the sack. The parcels fall to a Conveyor Belt which transports them to the sorting section. As the emptied sack passes through the system, the sack clamps are opened automatically and the sack released. A prototype model of a high rate belt sacks order is in a large truck terminal. The sorter is 225 feet long. Sorting is by keyboard control to 40 separations. 20 at each side of the Conveyor Belt. As many as six trucks may be unloaded at the same time. Extendable conveyors moving into the trailer bodies as they are emptied assists during unloading. The sacks move upward into the system. And arrive singly at one of the six keyboard positions. As the label on each sac is read, a code is typed in. Placed on the belt moving at 420 feet per minute one to six keyboards. When a sac reaches its coded separation, a diverter is activated by the memory system. It opens and closes within one second, sweeping the sack to secondary sorting. This new type of diverter handles the mail as gently as possible. Since only a twodigit code is required, it is easy to learn and keypunch. A number of separations which can be made on this type of high rate sack sorter is limited only by the space available. To mechanize loading and unloading of trailers and to reduce manual effort and timeconsuming movement of portable conveyors, floor level conveyors have been installed on one side of vehicles. Power is brought from supply. Provision has been made for valves on the brake system to prevent Truck Movement unless power is disconnected. Note the use of hinged covers to byvent loss of cube space loading directly on top of the conveyor. Use of this builtin conveyor forr his saving manual labor. Use of this builtin conveyor is for saving manual labor. Also under test and evaluation is this vertical twin belt conveyor for transporting collection mail vertically to an upper floor. Collection mail is unloaded on a horizontal conduction conveyor. Sacks and miscellaneous mail move to the bottom of the belts for automatic induction. Here, the mail is seized between the 42 inch twin belts which carry it vertically upwards, 33. 5 feet to the second floor. Moving 220 feet per minute, the unit can handle over 4000 sacks per hour. At the top of the belts, the mail is discharged to a take away conveyor and carried to the secondfloor mezzanine for processing. The transport belt of between twin belts is pressed taught. Taut. The cover belt is loose. The pressure exerted on it by several rubber wheels to hold the items being transported securely against the transport belt. Notice the action of the pressure rollers against the cover belt as a sack moves upward. Sacks and parcels of all sizes, small pieces as well as trays filled with letter mail, may be transported vertically without damage. A prototype model with a longer vertical lift is being installed for test in another facility. This compact unit simulates actual operating conditions of the keyboard of a letter sorting machine. It may be used to test personnel for dexterity. Or to help them develop rhythm at the keyboard. The machine projects a number code or letter facsimile on the display screen. The student responds by pressing keys corresponding to the number shown. When an error is made, virtual lamps illuminate the correct key. By pressing keys that match the lamps, the student learns correct fingering. The instructors control panel provides means for method of projection of tests or training code numbers. Rate of speed of projection, and a method of recording errors. The printer provides a permanent record of student responses. The machine introduces the student to the principle of key, trains him in code numbers and helps them acquire the speed to become a qualified sorting machine operator. You have seen a few of the research and Development Projects now active in the field of research and engineering. Many others are in the contracting stage in design or under prototype construction. Each will undergo a period of evaluation and testing. Those passing the requirements will take their place in the system for recognizing mechanizing all operations of Mail Processing. You can watch archival films on Public Affairs in their entirety on our weekly series reel america, saturday at 10 00 p. M. And sunday at 4 00 in eastern, here on American History tv. Every saturday at 8 00 a. M. Eastern on American History tv on cspan 3, go Different College classroom and hear about topics like the american revolution, civil right, and u. S. President s. Thank you for your patience and logging into class. With most classes closed, watch professors transfer teaching to a virtual setting to engage with students. Most of the did work to change the soviet union, but reagan met him halfway and supported him. Madison originally called it the freedom of the use of the press. It is the freedom to publish we now but not what refer to institutionally as the press. Every saturday at 8 00 p. M. Eastern, lectures and history is also available as a podcast. This sunday we look at the National Museum of the American IndianPhotography Collection with and delaney talks about the history of photography and how to navigate and explore the online collection. Here is a preview. Looking at a group of crow indians who participated in in signing at fort laramie 1868. They were hoping for reservation and land and rights to live in the black hills. So many treaties have not come to fruition but there was hope on this day and this collection is expansive. It is about 200 images by alexander gardner. He gained fame during the american civil war, worked with the Matthew Brady studio and of washington dc and many images memorable from gettysburg in the aftermath of the battle, the images of soldiers who had died in the battle are his work. Little was known about these photographs. I spent 30 years studying photography at the smithsonian first at the National Museum of American History and out of the American Indian and and now of the American Indian and this small but significant collection was unknown to many of us at the institution until the 150 iniversary of the civil war the last decade. As we were researching collections and i was chairing an Editorial Committee for a archivistsf the invited me over to the American History museum to see this collection that i did not know about and many did not know about and it ended up there was a retrospective of alexander gardners work at the National Portrait gallery and the first photographs toed another museum. Me to beastounding to able to think about these images and him being part of the civil war photography, when the first time americans were seen or 10 autograph published in books and then in newspapers and illustrated monthly generals journals, and then he travels with general sherman west as the indian war began after the civil war. Traveled to 1868, he with the general entry and visited various sites, meaning these meeting these individuals, visiting the tribal communities, being witness to treaty signing and documenting as history what is happening the war moves from east to west until 1890. Is for those two years, he photographing a of the images that were kept by general sherman and then donated to the smithsonian. Learn more about the National Museum of the American IndianPhotography Collection at 3 00 p. M. Pacific on american artifact here on American History tv. Bidens record is a shameful roll call of the most catastrophic blunders in our lifetime. He has spent his entire career on the wrong side of history. Our current president has failed in his most basic duty to the nation. He has failed to protect us, to protect america, and my fellow americans, that is unforgivable. The first president ial debate isween trump and biden tuesday, september 29 at 9 00 p. M. Eastern. , streaming,n cspan and ondemand and listen on the free radio app. Thist me begin with pandemic and how it has impacted the museum and univision in particular