Mayo clinic is an american institution. It is at the heart of our country in many respects. It is the worlds first and largest private Multispecialty Group practice. That is a big, formal term. It means it is specialists working together in a highly organized way, devoting a whole range of unique, diverse talents for the sole purpose of serving each individual patient. It is a model that the mayo family developed with the franciscan sisters that has expanded and grown to other Medical Centers and has welcomed patients from all over the world for more than 150 years. This is Heritage Hall, the museum of mayo clinic that was established with a generous gift from john and lillian matthews. Mr. And mrs. Matthews are loyal patients of mayo clinic and they had a unique vision. They said we want to add more voices to the choir and tell the Great Stories of mayo through contemporary museum exhibits, designs, films and products like that. Today, we are going to explore the history of and more importantly the living legacy of mayo clinic. Now if you think about it, every patient has a history. The first thing you do when you see a doctor is you give your history as a patient. What your illnesses are, your Health Status and emily, family background. That history informs the care that you received today with the hope of a healthier future. Just as you, as a patient, have a history, so does an organization. Mayo clinic has a history and our history is a living dynamic part of who we are. It informs who we are today. It sets the stage for where we are going in the future. You will see as you travel around mayo clinic in Heritage Hall and on our other historic displays that history is present with us. People talk about it in an immediate sense. I will show you and my colleagues will show you some fun and interesting things that bring that to life. A lot of people wonder how a very large, prominent Medical Center ever got started in a small, remote town like rochester, minnesota. It is an amazing combination of factors. Mayo is a family name. Doctor william mayo was born near manchester, england in 1819. He grew up in the industrial revolution. He developed a strong, social conscience of giving back to others. He sought a Better Future for himself and came to america in the 1840s. He worked his way west. In indiana, he married a remarkable woman, louise Abigail Wright and she was his business partner. You had wonderful teamwork coming together to serve patients. Malaria was common in indiana at that time. Doctor mayo sought a healthier climate. He came here as a patient seeking a healthier future. He came to minnesota in the territory days. He worked a number of cities around the state forms and different things. In 1864, he opened a practice and moved his family to rochester when the Lincoln Administration was an examining doctor during the civil war. His role was to see which young men were fit for military duty. We were one of the newest states in the nation. A lot of young men headed to the east for fighting. His job was to see who was fit for service. The family stayed here because mrs. Mail said we are not moving anymore. Abraham lincoln brought us here and mrs. Mail kept us. Here doctor mayo had sons who grew up in medicine like farm boys on a farm. They would serve his patients with dad. They absorbed his ideals and his values and it was natural that they were going into medicine as their time came. The mayo family had been here since the 1860s. Now it was the summer of 1883 now and dr. Mayo was the senior position in town. His eldest son had just graduated medical school that spring. Charlie was still a high school preparatory student at home. This was august a terrible cyclone. Comes hale heard a terrible, devastating storm hit the city. Dr. Mayo and his sons were in charge of helping the survivors. They needed nurses. Most women had families to look at. When seeking help, dr. Mayo went down the street to the academy of our lady of lorde, founded by the franciscan sisters. Mother alfred moos the mother superior sent their sisters to be his nurses. They worked in a dance hall in and in makeshift facilities. Not long after the disaster, mother alfred came to dr. Mayo with a true vision. She said we, the franciscans, will build a hospital for the city if you and your sons will staff it. Dr. Mayo resisted. Hospitals are expensive, risky, he was elderly. It is a small town, we cant do this. Mother alfred persisted that with faith, hope and energy, it will succeed. So, they shook hands. Doctor mayo and mother alfred. No legal contract, a bond of trust. From that st. Marys hospital opened in 1889. Think about that men and women did not Work Together as affectional counterparts at that time. Doctor mayo was a man, a man of science. He admired charles darwin. Mother alfred, a woman of faith. Named her order for the virgin mary. They found Common Ground in serving patients. If you get this, you get all the rest. Because you have different people, different skills and different points of view but they come together for the common purpose. Each one brought something unique to the equation. Doctor mayo and louise raised their family right here in rochester, in this house, which is literally across the street from where we are right now. Where the stephens building is located. They made a momentous decision when the brothers were quite young. They decided they would mortgage this house and with that mortgage funding, purchase a microscope to help care for dr. Mayos patients. The mayo boys were young. They were maybe eight, nine or four or five years old. Two of them. They always remembered their parents sacrifice. They grew up knowing medicine was a true calling. You enter medicine to serve other people and to Work Together in a cooperative manner. Fastforward to win the mayos, and we see william and charles as adults, they were arguably the most successful doctors in america late 19 teams by the early 1920s. Remembering their parents sacrifice and the example of the franciscan sisters, the 1919 the brothers and their wives donated the land, building and equipment and the majority of their life savings to transform mayo from a private partnership into a notforprofit organization. Thats the structure that we have today. Mayo clinic is here today because of their sacrifice and their generosity. We have talked about the origins of mayo clinic at Heritage Hall. It is really worthwhile to visit the Palmer Building Plummer Building with my colleagues to get a feeling for how the clinic grew and flourished. Right now, we are standing in this historical suite which is located in the Plummer Building. It is the suite where the last offices of dr. Will and charlie mayo are located along with the board of governors room. This space is used as a museum today. Our patients and visitors are able to learn more about our history. How the males practiced mayos medicine was much different than it is today. William was the physician who would go out into the country and get on his buggy and horse and take it out to the farm and visit the patients. Surgeries were performed on kitchen tables, not in hospitals or operating room settings. Instruments and medicine were very crude and. Not as we know today. What you are looking at are some medicines that were carried in a positions bag. There are not many to select from. You understand that there was not a lot known about what would cure different ailments. This is what they had and would prescribe to patients. They administered one dose and hoped it would work. The mayos practiced this after home and visited other patients storms but eventually they realized they needed larger space. They opted to rent some space in downtown rochester. Here are some of the different locations they rented. The masonic temple was a newly built building. They rented space on the second floor for our patients to be seen there. They worked in the masonic temple until 1914. This building represents the very first mayo clinic that was built by the mayo family. It housed in integrative group practicing medicine. The father had instilled in the boys that they needed to have others join the practice. William often quoted no one is big enough to be independent of others. They realized early on that they needed to hire other individuals with other talents and interests to provide the best care for our patients. Dr. Will and charlie were surgeons but they knew they needed people working in the laboratories. The Xray Department and all other aspects of medicine to provide the best care for our patients. So here you will see the clinic being built. It started in 1912 with the construction. And in 1914, it opened. It was five floors. It housed all the different specialties. We were anticipating about 14,000 patients to arrive on an annual basis. 26,000 were coming to rochester for care. We quickly outgrew this space and ended up building the next building that we will be talking about which is the plumber building, currently but it was the second mayo clinic. This is 15 floors. It encompassed all of the departments that the patients would need to be seen in. And it was again a integrated group practice. Heres an model of examining room that would have been in the 1940 mayo clinic building. Its very similar to our exam rooms today. Youll see a couch where the patient or family members set, exempt evil, a physicians desk, eight scale. So very simple. Cork floors were also put in the 1914 new building because cork was easier on the, lakes and provided less stress so you could stand for longer periods of time. Also in the clinical practice, they realize that the exam rooms and many of the instruments used needed to be clean. And camper over the beading and that type of thing needed to be changed frequently. The idea of the subject and antisemitic techniques were developed over in england and they had seen it practiced over there in their troubles, and they brought those practices back to mayo clinic. Im standing in doctor wills last office. This would have been used during his administrative years after he retired from surgery. So 1928, this one he would have moved into this area. You can see his desk. His model. He loved the truth and sought to know it. Doctor will is described as the businessman. Administrative type. He was sometimes known to be more stern but had a great sense of humor, and he married his has cool sweetheart. This photo is on the but. Case she was the daughter of a local. Jeweler she had five children but only one lived past infancy, two daughters, care in tv. Both of the doctors very prominent surgeons. Medicine state in the family, even though the daughters didnt go into medicine. In 1920, eight when the doctor moved into this office, he was no longer practicing as a surgeon. However he was very involved in the mayo clinic. He acted administratively. He also sat on the board of governors until 1945 when he stepped down and let the younger individuals takeover running the clinic. He was intimately involved, knowing that our patients were being taken care of. This is our favorite room that were standing at. The board of governors room. It started because doctor will and doctor turley started the proceedings to start up mayo clinic as a Non Profit Organization that involves setting up a, board and we are still run by aboard today. So this is the boardroom. All the honors and awards on the wall our of dr. Will and dr. Charlie from all over the world. They travel extensively to learn from others and bring best practices to rochester in mayo clinic. And what they would do is they would go and trouble for several months each spring and fall. One always stay back at media to attend to business, and they would present and visit other hospitals. The became very note other positions. Doctor will felt a jealousy among the medical profession would be a detriment to sharing knowledge in the medical profession. You could tell from the honors and awards that they were very well respected from their peers. Doctor well was asked to give an address at the college for the graduating class in 1910. That is when he articulated the needs of the patient come first. Which is a primary value here at mayo clinic. All we do is for our patients. And male also realized that you needed education, and to needed research in order to be able to provide that great care for our patients. We still practice with that in our forethought. And so education. We have five schools here at mayo clinic. And we also have Many Research labs, so we can advanced medicine and science. The history of mayo clinic is integral to the history of rochester. The city has grown and expanded right along with mayo clinic to provide Different Services and amenities for our patients, just as mayo clinic house. We are in a place of Heritage Hall called the treasures geller in have a number of cubbies built into the custom woodwork or the person different treasures, different facets of mayors unique contributions to medicine and society. So over here is a iconic artifact. A baseball sunday who. Gary the great new york yankees ballplayer when he was patient here in 1939. The black and white photo shows that mr. Garry was a patient and he gave back in many ways. He prevented local youth including a fellow named bob terry, he gave batting lessons and worked with bobs team, American Legion team, of the soldiers feel. Bob us carry to sign his lucky ball and gary signed the ball we think on garys birthday in 1939 the day he was diagnosed with analysts here in mayo clinic. The point in time he signed the bowl for bob, but kept it, the color photo shows bob was an elderly man touching the ball, and then of his life he sold the ball to a anti, a local Business Executive here in rochester. He bought the ball for the sole purpose so that he and his daughter, taylor, would give it to mayo clinic to display to inspire our patients. Other examples here would be the replica of the nobel prize that mayo clinic received in 1950. Two staff members, dr. Edward handle, elaborate a recent, test and doctor clinch, elaborate tall adjust were together on the invention and clinical use of cortisone. A drink that many of us know. Now they received a noble prize. A class example of a ridge fort discovery something the lab to applying it to the care of patients. Of course, it came to the mayo clinic with a text message, not the way you are today, but with a Western Union telegram announcing. That they were so based on their philosophy that the use part of their press money from the award and give it to their laboratory and clinical assistance. Now one of their assistants was a san franciscan sister. With her vow of poverty she couldnt recognize the financial contribution, this it sister, its fine, well send you an a city trip to europe and you can be the pope. So there was found a way to contribute back to others. And the telephone. We always Love Technology at mayo clinic. Now had the first telephone in this region. It connected his farmhouse with his office. So this idea patients convenience. You could walk into the local area and call dr. Meir at his home. This was transformative, Disruptive Technology at that time. The local newspaper actually had to print an article had to push that telephone call. It was so new to people didnt know what to do. The paper assured them that your voice, and doctor meals voice will be as clear amal apart a sieve your mile apart. They went on this long, elaborate directions, you talk into doesnt listen for that, and various things. A new way of communicating free medical care. 1919. When the male family. The brothers and their wives made the joint decision to donate the assets of the clinic and their lifes savings to the nonprofit mission. Heres a legal. Gift legal document they signed, and the ink will they give to us given to us by the male family. This gift, its a legal document, but its kind of a statement of their philosophy. And if you read, and go through the legal ease and terminology of the air force and theyre on twos and all of that. Theres a couple powerful sentences that really stand out. And in one of, them the ultimate purpose of the clinic, past, present, and future must be measured to its contributions of humanity. Didnt secure this disease or up in this lab irans program. They said serve humanity. Other examples here. On the eve of world war ii, may you began working in aviation. Planes could fly higher, but planes were blocking a because theyre the higher levels not having sufficient oxygen. Lines were crashing. Crews were getting killed. May understand circulation and again working in different, lace top secret, during those were years. We developed a pressurized chambers to keep the Blood Pressure up along the pilot and crew to remain conscience web flight to higher altitudes. We also developed a High Altitude mask and several other innovations aerospace medicine. This invention is still used in aviation today. Its helped launch these chad age and the space travel all have roots in males space. Research at the time we turn to government one dollar a year for wartime services, the whole notion of giving. Back that open up the area of open heart surgery. There youre seeing a photograph of a early bypass machine. There was a doctor in philadelphia who developed a open bypassed machine. The hardwood stop beating during surgery but the machine would take over, giving oxygen, to keep the patient alive. The doctor had for patients survive, and he abandoned but may have thought there was some merit in the doctors technology, so he essentially reentered neared his machine. Engineers, surgeons, technicians, all came together to create what is now known as mayor given heart lung bypass machine. Thats the picture you see over. Here transformed heart surgery. If you know anyone who is in open heart surgery, or her transplant for, instance it began with a picture like this. She was a five Year Old Girl from bismarck, north dakota. She was dying from a heart defect. She had a short time to live. Her parents butter here with no other hope. Her lip was saved on a machine like this. This is her sixth Birthday Party after her operation, shes had a wonderful life, wonderful person, ive interviewed her a number of times. Its really fun. Linda came back to mayo clinic on the 50th anniversary of her heart surgery. A guest of honor at the congress. Look at which he gave us. She gave us her autograph book and the get well cards perimeter had saved for her. So we tell our new employees with the come here on their tour, behind every invention at mayo clinic theres always a woman. Whats really sweet. Typical autograph, shes got her world famous surgeons autograph. The clean the kid in the bed next to, her all jumbled next together. You see her very childish scrawl here, she had that innocent lovely way of all these good people away all around her. And she tells the story. She was young. Five years old. Night before surgery. Much he remembers by these tell young men in white jackets. They got underneath to talk to her eye to eye. They said that tomorrow, your beautiful asleep. When you wake up, she said i had no idea how nervous that would make me because that was her first patient. But you get this amazing trust that goes back and forth. [noise] medicine is undergoing vast changes. Even in my career here at mayo clinic ive seen tremendous advances in medicine, and the pace is only accelerating. As we look at this exciting future. This dynamic potential of what medicine can do for Better Health all over the world, we come back to the unchanging things. At mayo clinic, there is this huge and yank of injuring values and dynamic innovation. Some of the valleys of the origin, the history of mail, its this firm foundation. It doesnt hold us back. It actually empowers us to go forward. But we have to understand that history, value, it and interpreted for every generation. And that will keep us grounded. It will give us the propulsion to go forward. And the future is very exciting. [noise] weeknights this month were featuring American History tv programs as a preview of whats available every weekend on cspan 3. And coming up, next we explore the american story with a look at the National Park service. We visit it parks across the country, including mount rush more national memorial, Montgomery National trail, and gateway National Park
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