W one up. For in focus Global Insights the news out for local heroes. The w made for mines. Theyre two of the greatest artists of the sixteenth century look us karna known as the elder and his son also named gus qana. They ran the most prolific workshop of their time painting more and faster than any of their contemporaries. The protestant reformer Martin Luther was a close friend and the qana speak aimed the painters of the reformation. Born at the end of the middle ages the artists lived and made their fortune in a world that was rapidly changing both father and son and body ideas associated with the term renaissance a time of revival and a people in art. In the. In. The contacts works have been studied by generations of scholars but many questions remain unanswered going to hard you know and in goes on our art historians and restorers here in massive book the drill theyre studying an altar piece that came from the konak workshop in the year fifteen thirty seven. Who painted it is it the work of connacht the elder or the younger or was it done by a workshop assistant. Using an infrared camera the historians revealed the under drawing that normally cannot be seen the signature style may tell them who did the work. But these are come akin to tif and with this camera we can look deep into the picture beneath a visible layer of paint and expose the artist sketch and the. Were now taking a close up of this section of the painting so we can examine it more closely tied to. The altarpiece is one of many from connaught the elders workshop that was executed according to his instructions but not by the master himself. Not the elders unprecedented career had begun thirty years earlier by now he was painting familiar motifs in a new way his saints were fashionable jewellery and were surrounded by realistic natural scenes it was a new view of the world and the people in it. Around fifteen hundred between bag on the river elbe was dominated by the spires of all Saints Castle Church and st marys town church one of the mightiest rulers of the Holy Roman Empire the elector of saxony had a residence here. Frederick the third known as frederick the wise was a patron of the arts who dreamed of an intellectual awakening in his realm. A renaissance with a saxon touch. Elector frederick the wise had several residences bag was one of them but he also lived in low how he also lived in dresden. You mustnt think that elected frederick was here every day but he was immensely important for the town because he founded the university because you could say that without the university there wouldnt have been a reformation of the main reformers were professors at the university. Frederick established the university of britain back known as a modern north korea in fifteen zero two with it bitten back was to become a center of the arts and sciences the elector brought humanist scholars to town humanism was a new mindset that strove to revive the cultural legacy of antiquity and emphasized intellectual freedom. As its quite amazing to think of what a small town this was the big cities where leipzig fought nuremburg back but. Even though it was a royal residence even though it had a university it was a small town with around two thousand five hundred inhabitants dominated by students and professors. There were lots of craftsmen lots of printers and thats the fascinating thing about it when you came to this town you discovered so much skill so much confidence that was vision bags good fortune in the sixteenth century that so many talents came together at the same time in the same place. Top. Fifty no five elector frederick appointed lucas crown of his Court Painter in britain back at first carnac worked in the electors council earning a yearly salary of one hundred thats the equivalent of about one hundred thousand euros today. The list of is affiliate frederick the wise offered him a year lease salary that was equal to that of a professor at university at the time when he visited as well as a supplement for works commissioned by the court. Of talk to school fees so he had achieved a very respectable and prestige his position is in. One of the primary duties of the Court Painter was to depict the ruling saxon dynasty. The ruler his portrait had to hang in every castle and Government Office khana painted the german princes life sized in conquering pose with ceremonial regalia like the electors crown ermine coat and sword he also painted them at the hunt and weddings and other important occasions. He documented the splendor the aspirations and importance of the ruling house of saxony. Another of his duties was to supervise the decorations of the tournaments at the witan back marketplace first the square was covered with sand then the jousters and onlookers came and the Court Painter lucas khana recorded the spectacle as a wood cut. On his arrival in britain bad conduct encountered artworks by other painters the court frequently commissioned work spy a celebrated contemporary of cox the nuremberg artist. The two were to become major rivals. Ahead of christ by a young body. The venetian artist was chronics predecessor as Court Painter and it brought new impulses from italy a new kind of portraiture was developing one in which the subject seemed to live and breathe compared with this stiff stylized earlier depiction. Of the painter sundra but a child that depicted the virgin mary as a beautiful. Well fashionably dressed woman he gave the nude painting of the roman love goddess venus the erotic aura of sculptures from classical antiquity chrono had encountered this art during his travels in italy and had a kind of a form. Is often criticized for ignoring the art of the italian renaissance and it said that he couldnt rival it. But we know today that he was very well informed about what was going on in italy around fifteen hundred. And when that puts you at would he also grappled with it intensely but he continuously discovered his own style one that today seems more modern than what was being produced in italy this last time i put it see it will do. Soon after coming to visit him back painted a picture of the virgin mary for the Castle Church in whats now known as the desk peace of the princes mary and the infant jesus are flanked by two saints. On the wings are naturalistic renditions of frederick the wise on the left and on the right his brother john the steadfast. Theyre shown in the typically medieval pose of worship. The real surprise is the way qana shows mary looking directly out of the picture at the viewer. The mother of god has been made flesh and blood one of us human. Just a few years earlier such a depiction would have been unthinkable. The output of the chronics workshop was prolific around fifteen hundred works attributed to the father or son are still known today since two thousand and nine scholars and museums for more than one hundred countries have been publishing information about the works on a freely accessible internet platform the qana digital archive. He was a professor at the Cologne University of applied sciences thats the project. Based on his woodcut by. The martyrdom of st catherine he demonstrates the rivalry between the two most successful painters of their time the expert draftsman dura completed the work in fourteen ninety eight years later qana as a role model for his version of the same. If of in its year son he spent a lot of time on the fine graphic details and thereby entered into direct competition with dirt if you reflect a deer as detailed drawing in his paintings and spent a particularly long time making this painting as rich in detail as possible which is to fill in. The martyrdom of st catherine was a popular subject at the time. Like baroque artists many years later turned it into a dramatic spectacle an earthly version of the fall of the rebel angels motif with the humans lurching beneath the sky rent asunder. As far as their contemporaries were concerned the contest between cano and doing a ended without a clear victor doing his works or admired but cutoffs were more popular. Much about the life of connacht the elder remains a mystery to this day little is known about the painters childhood and youth. Hes believed to have been born on october fourth fourteen seventy two in kona in the southern german region of franconia. He probably received his training in his fathers workshop since his father was also a painter. The connacht monument in kanaka marks the spot where the family house once stood. Look us left home early on presumably to travel as a journeyman he called himself con off after his hometown corner. But then all trace of him is lost some years. Around fifteen hundred he emerged as a painter in vienna a major city in the Holy Roman Empire and the imperial administrative seat here connick received commissions and painted his first known works. Among them the wedding portrait for the rector of the university the humanist you harness crispin ian and his wife ana. Products arrangement of the pictures was no placing his subjects in relation to an atmospheric landscape full of symbolism. And. The elements of fire water earth and air stand for the world yet to be discovered. The wedding couples education is indicated by the parent in the background. The bird of the genus era comes from brazil a country that europeans had discovered just two years earlier. Conex viennese works show him to be an accomplished painter with a personal style. He signed them look us khana nuke us from kona. A few years later in britain bag a fateful encounter occurred when the theology professor Martin Luther but the Court Painter knew gus qana the two men would change not only the church but the world in which they lived they quickly became Friends Church and religion were important to conduct as they were for everyone in his time. But well see the i know how you have to keep in mind that the church and Civil Society were intertwined that wasnt any separation you were a citizen of the community and at the same time a member of the Church Parish that too merged entirely so if. Course everyone in vietnam back was a member of the Church Community to be to everyone was a christian and a Catholic Christian the church was absolutely defined. Cake and. But the world as defined by the Catholic Church was changing. On october thirty first fifteen seventeen Martin Luther is said to have nailed his ninety five theses to the door of the Council Church regardless of how he actually posted them his protests against the sale of indulgences and other abuses in the Catholic Church catalyzed a schism within christianity in western europe. The elder became the painter of the reformation in germany. He found the right images to convey a new direct and personal relationship between the individual and god. Kind of how beautiful. Influence the reformation by providing the images for it he conveyed the theology in pictures and brought reformative ideas into the world and sometimes i think they talked about it they did live very close to each other i think they influenced each other in the spirit exchanges that were taking place in a fit in there and then the stack up until this in the back. Of. The town church of st marys on witan bags Market Square is the Mother Church of the reformation. Before Long Services were being held in the german language not in latin. As where baptism was. Told to the. School. Just as. Martin luther and other britain back reformers preached famous sermons here the altar piece is a major example of conex reformation artworks its a monumental depiction of the last supper a late work from the year fifteen forty seven. Instead of including worshipful catholic donors and saints in the work real life figures of the reformation of been made part of the narrative the central penalty picks the last supper with jesus and his apostles the bearded apostle on the right of the picture turning outward is Martin Luther hes accepting a beaker of wine from a servant with the features of lucas chrono the younger. The left panel shows luther as friend and fellow reformer philip relaunched on at a baptist on. The right Panel Features another veteran beggary former your highness book in the confessional. Cannot painted actual people of his time into the biblical action the message was clear the teachers of the reformation sensed a deep connection to jesus christ as the head of the church my lips the scholar it is thats it its my favorite chrono painting is the altar piece into town church its so touching that they are all there luther himself is there and right in the midst of their life it back to those and their experience the word of the bible and confession eucharist baptism as part of their own lives and i think they really saw themselves there. In fifteen twenty five when Martin Luther married the former nun kind of you know one border. Was his witness. They must have had a very close relationship they were witnesses to each others marriages they were gone fathers to each others children in fact its quite possible that luther met his wife at the chrono hall. When cutting a fun fled from the clothes. She had nowhere to stay the chronics took her in and she lived there for several years and it seems that luther met and fell in love with her there. Written back was the starting point of the reformation and kano portrayed the reformer his works show an energetic man who not only proclaims his teachings but lives by them entirely. First we see the stern ascetic augustine monk with his clerical tendre then luther in hiding and. Posing as a nobleman named or as the defender of the doctrine wearing his university camp. Later the portraits show luther as affirmation of the world of marriage and worldly authority the reformer instanter more mature. Made Martin Luther the icon of the reformation. After a few years in britain bag look i was kind of started a family in fifteen twelve he married a mayors daughter and had five children with her. They named their second son gus. The elder cano had experienced a meteoric rise he bought houses ran a successful wine tavern and the only pharmacy in town on the Market Square. Soon he was the richest burger in britain back he served on the city council for decades and even became mayor he lived in an imposing building in the center of town. In the workshop in the back he ran a flourishing business with a team of master and journeyman painters here apprentices were trained and a stream of visitors came and went. The elder ran an impressive household the prince of painters was a canny businessman and a confident citizen of the town. Of his india were here in the middle of this large ensemble at schloss dross a number one that belonged to chronicle the elder he lived here in the front part a huge house with lots of rooms where the danish king one stayed with his entourage it was a very grand house. And its just one house off and his school was always the most important thing in this ensemble is over there were the workshop was in this building there in the back. This was the cronic workshops which is where the crown of the younger learned his trade where he grew up around taught and if you can imagine his life here he grew up in the workshop a sign of the end ultimately became the head of it. And then ill say i love actually i talk of all the. Connor and his staff not only produced pictures for the nobility and churchmen in the workshops on Printing House they supplied tiredly new art market the growing bush was and its demand for images. Not everyone could afford to buy a painting but prints were cheaper so the workshop made woodcuts and produced a series of prints from them. The printing technique enabled the artists to bring new themes or portraits under the market quickly. This is a gigantic wood cut from the crown up workshop a really impressive piece made up of eleven different wood cuts. It wasnt easy at the time to create such a large wood cut which is why its in eleven parts. The thrilling thing about this wood cut is that it doesnt always depict Martin Luther this is the famous reformer yes with the bible in his hand. And the eleventh wood cut which is the head that could be substituted in the crown of workshop that. There are a prince with the same body the same rendering but with the head of milan stone. Or with the head of the early reformer yun hoose. Whos if you want to know how this workshop functioned the way it produced in series just take a look at this large wood cut. By the type that most. Recent. In the early years in particular the workshop produced large numbers of what guts more than the numbers of paintings. You took off it bought us medium beige print it was the medium that made it possible to produce works in greater numbers compared to paintings. And it was only later that crown arm was able to expand his workshop production in order to put out paintings in similar numbers to the prints that hed made earlier. Than he does unfinished. Coffee five zero and everything that came out of the workshop was signed with a conex personal crest a winged crowned serpent with a ring in its mouth. The snake symbol was the label by which buyers could recognise the chrono brand. And was it a work by conduct the older the younger or an apprentice it was often hard to say one simply bought the chrono. The. The workshop used pigments like these to make its own paints. They were purchased at the big trade fairs in neighboring like c. It turned out to be practical that kanaka around the pharmacy in britain back with the socalled apothecaries privilege you could obtain pigments at wholesale prices more cheaply than the competition. To pick men to the pigments that were already being used back then where mainly us times variously colored clays that were turned into pigments through a lengthy process of growing doing and sit. Men father did for. The yellow came from the mines of the or mountain region. The deep blue ultra marine was made by grinding lapis lazuli from afghanistan it was not a