Diagnosing disease from bread. Acidic sea water how Climate Change could affect the oceans. And the c o two trapped technology to combat the greenhouse effect. Welcome to the show. Do you feel healthy. Doctors have many diagnostic tools at their disposal but sometimes they still lost in the. Especially in the early stages of a condition when sometimes can mean any number of things. Heres a new approach that could provide a breath of fresh. Diagnosing illness with a breath test thats the ambitious goal set by these two researches in zurich with help from hundreds of test subjects their team is trying to pinpoint which molecules in exhalations are associated with which illnesses the work could spark a revolution in diagnostics state its easy for us but just a merger you arrive in a hospital and blow into a machine and within minutes i can tell you that you have such and such an illness without the need for blood or urine tests or see your method is noninvasive yeah it would help us enormously and it would also be a lot more pleasant for patients. At this with hospital preliminary tests are already being carried out using such devices. But so far the information it provides only points doctors in a general direction its not a hard and fast diagnosis. Well use the device that weve just seen an operation to measure bronco inflammation in and then we try to draw conclusions about the causes and where we take it from there but it doesnt allow us to make a diagnosis mostly you have to conduct additional tests to get to the bottom of the problem is for. The researches in zurich are hoping to improve on that theyre very sensitive mass spectrometer can identify individual substances in a patients exhalations very precisely the cutting edge machine has been harnessed for use in health care. Device measures molecular mass a very important parameter especially when it comes to molecules that are exhaled the machine lets us determine molecular weight with incredible precision or its so exact that we can identify hundreds even thousands of substances in a patients breath. The molecular breath patterns the team records provide a kind of fingerprint for many illnesses for instance the researches have already had some success in identifying sleep apnea up to now diagnosis of the disorder has often involved expensive studies in sleep labs. Then you should be here we can see an example from one of our publications this is someone getting sleep apnea therapy and this is what it looks like after therapy as well drawn so you can see how the concentration of the molecules in this case rises in the exhale they are thats a clue about what happens when you discontinue treatment you see. The researchers are also trying to track down other illnesses using their mass spectrometer. The ultimate goal to be able to identify lung cancer from a single puff of breath. Everyone dreams of diagnosing lung cancer and acceleration if we set ourselves that. We probably would have failed instead were currently concentrating on easier question more weve already produced some good results Research Advances and small steps but you need a vision and diagnosing lung cancer from birth is our vision. But there are advances in diagnosing simpler complaints using exhaled air are already a reality and they could one day pave the way for the big breakthrough. But the fight against cancer goes on for both doctors and patients. One simple method has proven to be surprisingly effective against the condition. Walking to fight fatigue. Growing to beat the blues. Lifting weights to up your Energy LevelsCancer Patients appear to benefit from lots of exercise even while theyre in the midst of taxing chemo and radiotherapy treatment. I just have more strength i can carry things for longer and have a firmer grip. I wanted to do something for myself to fight the disease and not just give in to it and. Now im doing something for my daughter and after all the things the doctors needed to do bar. And the evidence isnt just anecdotal new studies show that exercise really can help patients prevent and cope with cancer. Isnt guns we know for a fact that if someone works out regularly even during treatment it doesnt have any detrimental effect. In fact it actually helps relieve the Chronic Fatigue and long term studies have now been published that indicate a positive effect on survival outcomes. Effect upside. In two thousand and twelve valentine was diagnosed with colon cancer shortly after an operation for it he completed an exercise program for colon Cancer Patients at the University Hospital in heidelberg as part of a study involving four hundred participants using an Activity Tracker the scientists were able to monitor the possible influence of activity on his condition they described nordic walking initially the patient was skeptical. The shrew to be centered i felt listless and miserable and i thought it was such an old man thing to do i used to see the man go by our house into the woods with our poles i didnt find inspiring. But valentine stuck with it and exercised at least twice a week it did him good both physically and psychologically. I certainly feel freer and its lifted my spirits too. But since hes also taking part in a Research Project the cancer patient goes to have regular blood tests studies on Healthy People have proven that physical activity has a positive effect on many processes within the body. Must have to next might pass you just as winter in ones initially it changes the immune system more killer cells are produced. They circulate and can be very helpful in fighting infection. At the same time you get a long term training effect for instance weve shown that d. N. A. Repair function improves in selous so you see less damage throughout the body focus out on the negotiating in cold. And not just blood is affected exercise also has an impact on body fat complete time to my dog were investigating to the extent i already fast which also directly surrounds the colon doll might be linked to the progression of colon cancer. Been looking at what exactly goes on within fact tissue and whether thats related to the stage of chuma that patients present with. The party and you hear common the physicians are also tracking how regular exercise reduces this fat and how that might impact on cancer outcomes. A study in heidelberg has just shown that working out can help alleviate the Chronic Fatigue that many breast Cancer Patients suffer as a result of that treatment. Tatiana star cow was a member of the studys weight Training Group. The control group in the study only performs relaxation techniques. Does help to keep. Your main finding was that our weight Training Group reported a better quality of life and fewer fatigue symptoms compared to the Relaxation Group into marty cutting back like today. It is quite conceivable for example that patients who increase their strength are also happier in their daily lives and are thus able to manage more easily. That something that no medication or Chemical Treatment is able to achieve tatyana started working out while she was undergoing radiotherapy. Because of the radiotherapy i was authorized hired and treated as a program was becomes a passion and i thought it couldnt be too taxing. To minimize any potential risk of injury the program was individually tailored and supervised by sports scientists and the exercise to help the patient to put cancer behind her. This three month studying keil is also being supervised by specialists breast Cancer Patients are exercising with on bikes none of them had ever tried cycling with their arms before. I was skeptical and i wondered what the point was of sitting there cranking away. I would have worried whether i would really cope with the physical exertion. Many of the women stopped has had actually advised them to take it easy. That breast Cancer Patients who dont so had their accelerator lymph nodes removed should avoid too much strain on the affected side and. These scientists dont believe dr advice is correct and interim results from the study do indeed show the exercise has helped reduce pain and swelling in the arms of the participants. Because im noticing how its improving my physical fitness. That puts my cleaning lady and using my arm now is a lot easier with. Targeted weight training can also help other Cancer Patients. Looks volved heart malignant lymphoma was weakened by chemotherapy working out was a challenge at first. I noticed that i felt quite weak after the initial exercises. And had to allow myself more time to rust. Now feeling a lot stronger until the seventy year old still works out regularly and has no plans to stop. The. Its time for the real question this one comes from the us and it takes us into the dead of night. By a read one from mars pennsylvania wants to know. Do wolves really how all that the moon. Fairy tales and horror films often feature a full moon underscored by the mournful cry of the pack scary. And would even have us believe that some people transform into a bloodthirsty werewolves at the full moon. But science has been unable to show that real wolves actually do. Them in the Nocturnal Animals do raise their muscles when they vocalize but thats to make the sound carry better the phase of the moon doesnt seem to matter. And they howl during the day time to using a variety of sounds to communicate with their fellow wolves. Howl to mark territory. Attract a mate. Or organize their hogs. When we hear the sound of wolves howling its usually when the animals are most active at dusk and at night. And because those calls are fright. Ring in the darkness people tend to remember the experience. Heard during the day are easier to forget. Thats why the notion that wolves how that the moon is so stubbornly persistent. If you have a size question goto website and send it in if we answer it on the show youll get our d. V. D. Featuring a lighthearted look at albert einsteins most famous theories. The most important thing is to never stop asking questions. Industry and traffic still Carbon Dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere. And its changing our planets climate. But what effect does c o two have on scenes and oceans. Researches in northern germany one to find out. A Research Mission to the worlds northernmost latitudes scientists from the Health Center for Oceanic Research want to know how Climate Change is affecting the underwater environment here the surgeon c o two emissions worldwide has had an impact on arctic marine life. Experimental tanks are lowered into the water they function like giant test tubes by adding Carbon Dioxide to the system the german scientists want to find out more about how plants and animals are adapting to new conditions. The Greenhouse Gas lowers the waters ph value. That means its becoming more acidic a process that will accelerate in the oceans of the future. The scientists are conducting a similar simulation experiment in the baltic. To discover what kind of an impact projected conditions in the year twenty fifty could have on marine life the biologists raise the temperature inside the tanks and lowered the ph one result they discovered that made local muscles grow more slowly. Thats just one sign that changes to the sea could have dramatic consequences for vital human Food Supplies but. Fortunately the oceans are able to adapt to adversity. Youd think the seas would go off more quickly turning into stinking swill that slow and oxygen but self stabilizing biota communities keep that from happening. And i hope theyll remain intact for a long time to come over to. Test with yield grass reveals how much marine plants can be affected by acidic water. If the ph drops too low the ribbon like seaweed stops producing certain chemicals in its defense system. That leaves it open to animals interested in grazing like this marine ice of odd. Communities in the sea are very complex for experts a constant source of wonder. If youve got sponsors and. There are more than twenty five live animals that only exist in the sea and every phylum has its own body plan its own evolution or. Expression all based on very different principles thats why we see a diversity underwater that well never have on land. And the complex interplay it gives rise to is incredibly fascinating complex that is upside for us to. Marine eco systems are flexible but only up to a certain point. And human beings have had a major impact on life beneath the waves. Of. Microorganisms also react to changes in the oceans and that can send ripples up the food chain. The researchers are trying to find out how plankton communities respond to changing conditions. The warmer the water grows the faster bacteria reproduce. That leaves fewer resources for other tiny life forms. The researchers are trying to establish a kind of Early Warning system. At what point will a major die off become unavoidable. Then get into if we continue producing this much c o two and we will then of course acidification will only get worse the planet will warm up other stress factors will play bigger roles and we can only hope that it happens slowly enough that marine organisms are able to adapt. What will the oceans of the future look like. The marine researchers from northern germany are looking for ways to predict the possibly fatal consequences of Climate Change for the sea. We are stunned face that if you test and you do anything to help that level will make. Just friendship there it doesnt. Himself to new cars and he cycles a lot he also only uses twenty liters of water to shower impressive. Sodger tim bader is also setting a good example his planted lots of trees around where he lives and plans to continue. You often came new ones to invent a machine that produces electricity so it can run off its own power that would stop harmful gases from getting into the air its a nice idea you ask him but unfortunately it violates physical laws. So what can we do to put the brakes on Climate Change. Well the obvious solution would be pretty celesio too. But what if we could take Carbon Dioxide out of the air. Researchers in switzerland are trying to figure out how. This operate is this twelve meters long two meters tall and four metres wide its one of the worlds first devices for recovering a valuable resource of Carbon Dioxide. The machine resemble six Old Fashioned air conditioners in a row it functions as a kind of filter to capture climate warming c o two right out of the air. Developed by researches in zurich the collector may soon be used as a model for others like it all over the world. The engineers and technicians are constantly tinkering with the Recovery Process the machine can currently capture up to a ton of c o two per hour. For yam votes but her Energy Efficiency is key since that ultimately will determine the systems commercial success here. We are all settlements is a big challenge of getting c o two out of the atmosphere is that you have to move huge volumes of a year to recover a single ton of c o two you have to pass two million cubic meters of air through a filter if you thats a lot with classic filter systems you end up consuming a period a large amount of energy just moving the air through. The filter contains Chemical Substances called a means. They bind c o two at normal temperatures when theyre heated later on they release the Greenhouse Gas again. Thats all happens in this collection unit. It sucks in air and directs it to a filter which is coated with a c o two absorbing a means. Once the filter is such aerated its heated to one hundred degree celsius. The c o two is then uncoupled from the filter and is collected as a concentrated gas. A prototype has been in Continuous Operation for the past three years so were standing here and this is the suction fire for the c o two collector on this side of the ambient air is sucked into the filter. Diffusion of in the filter is located in this white box the air flows through and the c o two in the air binds to the molecules on the filter surface if you dont want to. Have these and the air comes out again here of the search through by the failure. To do if we measure the c o two here we have less than half the normal amount of c o two in the year. And the rest has been bound by the filter. Here you can see the air stream. The collectors are mounted on the roof of a waste incineration plant the operators use the surplus heat from that combustion to recover the c o two from the filter without having to pump extra energy into the system. From here the gas flows into an underground pipe that takes it a few hundred meters further along to a greenhouse. Tomato plants are grown here over a thirty seven thousand square meter area. In a c o two rich environment until now grower fits my i had to order industrially produced c. E. O. To by the truckload now it comes right out of the pipe. To the may have named the plant that takes out more c o two is stronger a stronger plant is more resistant to diseases and. So that means we need if youre a person sidles me and all the plants give higher yield me to fit all. This collector alone removes nine hundred tons of c o two a year from the atmosphere according to its coinventor. Hes proud of that result here and im i one collector extracts around the amount of c o two from the others fear emitted by twenty to thirty cars material. Thats not much could devices like these really make a dent in global c o two emissions. Down both my voice your eyes and we did a calculation supposing we were to filter one percent of global emissions out of the air and then wed need seven hundred fifty thousand of these container modules each with six you kn