Transcripts For DW Tomorrow Today - The Science Magazine 201

DW Tomorrow Today - The Science Magazine February 25, 2018

From our appearance to our house and lucky expectancy we humans very immensely but why is that. For a long time weve been told its in our genes and that the genes were born with form allergen its a clue quits. No reason to say its more complicated through a mechanism called epigenetics our environment and lifestyle can actually modifying our genes. One in every five hundred women has a potentially dangerous genetic defect. A mutation in one of the b. R. C. A. Genes which increases the risk of Breast Cancer. But not every woman with the mutation will develop the disease so what determines who will a question that geneticist mine as the year has spent years investigating. The idea that spurred this research came to him one day at lunch. I was having lunch for the area and the couple of twins in. The restaurant and you can see they were doing because they have similar features but one was seen and the. More fat and they thought possible if they had the same d. N. A. Still yet realize that tweens could be the key to solving the mystery. She began reviewing the medical records of identical twins who have the genetic mutation. And the suspicion was confirmed with a couple of woman the. Twins of course and both the same with the confessor. Breast cancer and the vision in vision this call to be a c one but when the beloved speck the age for this that can be fifty years or and the. Seventy seventy five how is possible this is the lay of twenty five years. There were other cases to. Study and is team found a total of fifteen sets of identical twins with very different Breast Cancer histories they took d. N. A. Samples from the twins for further investigation. Tweens i was pretty men the nature has done for us and they created this now. From the starting point both twins they share the same sequence so there are no difference that can be associated with genetic changes so everything has to be added later this can be added to. A birth or lifetime so its so wonderful. To study how the. Anything with. The researchers suspected that environmental and lifestyle factors had an impact on gene regulation. The aim now was to locate those changers. For each twin they completed a d. N. A. Profile looking for specific biochemical changes in the genes and found significant differences between the twins. What we showed it is that there are particular genes that. By the name with relation in that window they were but they were more better than women. In what scientists call epigenetic regulation those biochemical changes appear to determine whether a gene is activated or not. These processes could help explain why some women with the b. R. C. A. Mutation develop Breast Cancer and others dont but exactly which environmental factors triggered the separate genetic changes is a question that hasnt yet been answered. There is no question that an active lifestyle has an impact on the health and physique. Sports and exercise can change our bodies inside and out in many ways we are what we do. But why. Some researches have examined the effect of exercise within our bodies using a rather ingenious method. Everyone knows exercise does a body good. But what effect does it have on our genes. This exercise machine will help answer that question the volunteers train here four times a week over a three month period using only one way tried a little bit faster. For millennia lindholm of stockholms carolyns could institute one thing is cute. The volunteers will exercise one leg during the test period the other leg isnt trained at all. Hey looks really good mark so you know the reason were doing this training is that both your legs have the same genes they experience the same die at the same strasse the same sleep its only going to be the training that differs so we can then use the other leg as your own control if exercise really does alter our genes that might also help explain its health benefits. And we all know that its good to exercise there are so Many Health Benefits of Training Like you reduce the risk for many of our most common diseases like type two diabetes obesity cardiovascular disease different cancers but we dont completely understand the mechanisms behind these health benefits. To examine and compare the genes the researchers take a small sample of muscle cells one from the exercise leg one from the one that wasnt exercised. The researchers examine the d. N. A. From the muscle tissue biopsies for any biochemical changes focusing on the regions that regulate the genes. We look at the results revealed a variety of changes in the d. N. A. That occurred solely due to exercise even the researchers were surprised by the results. While we saw that about four thousand of your genes actually change their activity with the training and we have about twenty thousand genes in total in our genome so about twenty percent changed. The change in activity in more than four thousand genes just through regular endurance training the researchers were able to trace a huge network of altered genetic activity to the training effect. And its not just the genes influencing muscle Fiber Development that are affected its also the genes that influence Cellular Energy carbohydrates and sugar metabolism and the formation of adipose tissue or body fat. Is a bio informatics specialist. Who took a closer look at the altered genes and their functions in the body. He found that the genes didnt change their regulation independent of one another. They did so in unison within interconnected networks. Together if they are. Expressed activated in a similar way we support they share similar functions and then. The similarity is the following you can imagine you have a network of friends on facebook on twitter when they share similar likes when they check in similar praise it means that maybe they have similar characteristics. One of these networks has to do with morphology the structure of the muscle. Yet another with Cellular Energy. The fact that we through something as simple as training its a lifestyle change that basically everyone can easily do we can actually alter the activity of so many of our genes and as well as the methylation and the epigenetics that regulate. The body has a complex gene Activation Program which can benefit our health it just needs to be kicked off by regular exercise. So we all what we do we asked you on facebook what do you do to stay fit. Up to know these humans aha sunset staying fit is his passion especially using his punching bag whenever he feels down he turns to exercise to work through the problem for him its like magic. Vest lebron its rights that she doesnt play team sports because shes slow and clumsy instead she heads for the mountains and goes hiking. Years in schneider recommend switching off all media on weekends that means no t. V. Radio internet from friday night to monday morning that way he has time for sports and other intelligent entertainment. Kenneth kitchen good writes that the work he does as a farmer in kenya keeps him more than fit. And good stuff well harden agrees he says manual labor is the best all round work out there is it keeps you fit and gives you muscles you can work with the gym workouts should mimic that instead of focusing on beauty or extreme performance. Time now for our viewer question and this week its about one of the strangest and most fascinating objects in outer space. David miller from kenya wants to know. How our black holes formed. Black holes are sometimes described as cosmic vacuum cleaners because they suck up everything that gets too close. To. Matter spirals into them like water swirling down a drain. Black holes are formed when a dying star collapses. Or when two stars collide. This releases huge amounts of energy the stars condense to form a point with enormous gravity. The result is a black hole this core starts off small but as it pulls in more and more matter from its surroundings it can assume gigantic dimensions. And thats what astronomers have identified at the center of our milky way an enormous black hole. Three million times heavier than our own sun. Scientists believe massive black holes are at the center of all galaxies. When galaxies get a little too close to each other they merge and with them theyre black holes. But does that process continue indefinitely thats a question we dont yet have the answer to. If you have a science question website and send it in if we answer it on the show you get all fun and informative d. V. D. Featuring albert einsteins most famous theories. The most important thing is to never stop asking questions. This year marks a major anniversary. Hundred years ago invented the bicycle it was rather basic without pedal. For a change. Since then the bicycle has moved on and with the help of modern technology its still evolving. Contrary to appearances this is no ordinary bicycle. Speed pedal x. Are the s. U. V. S among bikes. Forty five kilometers an hour no problem even if youre not in great shape thanks to a bit of motorized assistance the frame has a built in battery and onboard computer with a touchscreen and a g. P. S. Module. Fully electronic gear is a range of up to one hundred eighty kilometers and every time you use your brakes the Energy Recovery system gives the battery a little extra charge. And theres more its a smart buy that can be accessed remotely via and up on your mobile phone. And the outlets may apply a user defined configuration onto the point that means i can set the most to how i want it and if the point gets stolen i cant find it and im worried that someone might be using it i can block the motor so the bike will stop. Plus i can see where the bike is at any given time but has to start it was just lots of inside with it. But that kind of innovation comes at a price this computer on wheels costs as much as some cars pretty hefty for most cyclists this trend towards high end is mainly something to admire at a bike fair or festival. But even ordinary bikes can be retro. Fitted with a security system. Around three hundred thirty thousand bikes are stolen each year in germany. A thief with a pair of bolt cutters and europe love a bike is gone its a frustrating and expensive an experience. And i knew that my boyfriend and i have both had a lot of bike stolen over the years when his racing bike was also stolen that we decided to fight back against the bike thieves modified. And this very annoying sound is part of the battle. Thats a. Prize and insect is an antitheft device in tracking transmitter i screwed on to the frame and it connects with my smartphone via bluetooth and identifies me as the owner. And if the thief tries to steal my bike in six Movement Sensor will detect that and set off a one hundred decibels alarm plus i get a message that my bike has been stolen and then insect also becomes a tracking device. But insect doesnt just alert the bikes owner it also informs other app users who were in the vicinity so they can help look for the stolen property an entire Community Working together against bike thieves. There are also new options when it comes to locks instead of a rubber coated solid metal this one is made from fabric and. The lock is about as tough as a steel chain its made of technical yarns that are woven together in multiple layers they are fire and cut resistant and have a high tensile strength so theyre pretty tough to crack and. Then you should see that pushed up. This we want to see. Pretty impressive. Light as a feather fabric lock really is as strong as one made of steel and it costs about the say. A lot of high tech is going into bikes these days of course some bike lovers still enjoy a touch of motet. With accessories ranging from the decorative. To the imaginative. After dark though technology is once again called for good whites are especially. But unfortunately there are still all too many under led bike riders on the streets even bicyclists with proper lights can be hard for drivers to see. The so much could be the answer the most is the brainchild of two students from boston. Sixty l. E. D. S. Ensure the rider is visible even on the darkest of streets. The helmet also has built in brake lights and indicators. The new most isnt the only new idea for boosting cyclists visibility. Most collisions with cars happen at intersections. This laser light designed in britain projects a fluorescent green image so drivers are aware of the cyclist even when theyre in the blind spot another bright idea helping to improve safety on the road. To keep. The blind spot says in the problem its the pose of the road that cant be easily seen from the trying to seat. When it comes to cars the cyclist will always be worse off in a collision. Thats why researchers are looking into ways to make pedal powers safe their rule of thumb is simple the most vulnerable part of the body is the head. For the stunt man it was just practice but for others its deadly serious. Claudia hofmann was riding her bike to work just a she always does. Thats. When it was so sudden that i couldnt react at all. Just a street sweeping vehicle suddenly pulled in front of me and i was thrown over my handlebars yet i rolled over i rolled sideways on my shoulder and the helmet. And. Thats how i got hurt mr lets. Cody is injury was one of the most common and potentially dangerous injuries in cyclist a blow to the temple for forensic scientists fall from hell its clear she walked away from the accident relatively unscathed because she was wearing a helmet you know as a busy here we can see a human in the area of the temple below the left eye. And she had a concussion. Without a helmet it would have been much worse deadly even but far from hell has analyzed many bicycle accidents and determined that most helmets dont protect the cyclist as well as they should. Thats because most bike accidents involve a blow to the front or side of the head not necessarily the type of impact that helmets are designed for. The head in the past helmets were tested as though there was a brick falling on your head so only the top of the helmet was tested thats not what happens in real life. Or. Still without a helmet such blows to the side of the head or forehead can be life threatening. Regardless of the make of the helmets even if its old or has poor test ratings its still much much much better than no helmet at all riding without one really is. Helmets are already very effective but if helmet manufacturers act on the results of our study. They could make them even better this and. That seed. Thats whats happening at the university of strasbourg where raimi village j. Has developed new helmet tests first he shows us some old ones still in use to be a scientist im a test today well show you a test method thats clearly limited in value and has a number of problems. Like it stop. Helmet complete with dummy head is dropped onto a surface at a speed of twenty Kilometers Per Hour if the impact force doesnt exceed two hundred fifty g. s the helmet passes the helmet is sturdy enough to prevent a Skull Fracture unconditional. Thats not good enough that you cant just Pay Attention to the two hundred fifty g. s. You also need to look at what happens to the brain when it experiences this type of impact but less than get. Thats why the village is new testament that uses an angled surface and a new modern dummy head fitted with six sensors to measure acceleration. He also sets the impact philosophys to more than twenty three Kilometers Per Hour. The impact on a sloping surface makes the head rotate just as it would in a real accident this would result in serious injury to the nerve cells in the brain the sensors in the test head measure how much the helmet can dampen the force and whether this brain injury can be prevented. But. If you take what is in effect on apply linear acceleration theres no problem you can see the snow so this isnt based on what thats you want but as soon as you apply a bit of rotation some results in this impact which puts a strain on the nerve fibers in the brain. And can lead to serious brain injury. Using the readings obtained from the sensors on the test head the scientists analyze whether the helmet would be able to prevent brain injury. But thats not all. In the new test the point of impact is lower not on the top of the head but on the forehead side and temples thats what happens in real life crashes so thats what the helmet should protect. The first redesigned helmets tested with the new method are now hitting the market. Dont want to have the new red white helmet as much lower down around the temples. The wall of the helmet is also sicker and for cyclists who want to travel light and this is what we call soft protection its for people who refuse to wear a helmet. A headband made from highly shock absorbent material it offers some protection to the vulnerable areas of the forehead and temple better than nothing. But the helmets that have passed the new tests are a better choice. As a not enough after what i went through there is no question that i definitely go for a helmet that offers the best Protection Associates and. Youll find more from the world of science and technology on their website. If you have questions or comments to get in touch on twitter and facebook we love to hear from you. Thats all for now next time well be looking at pregnancy whether its physical and emotional effects and how does it affect the brain. Join us for that next time. The but. The but the but. The but. The but. The but. The but. The but. The but the but. The but. The but. Then theres and the picture. Brylin is a movie city and has been for a long time thousands of movies have been shot in. The famous locations. At starbucks in a mosque and a shopping haven for movie lovers celebrating cinema a special on the palin film festival. Meet the germans new and surprising aspects of muslim culture enjoy the best american keep music takes a look at germany in this increasingly subdued traditions every day lives and language in this time i know my mom saw a movie im good for the big guy. D. W. Dot com makes the german. Happy birthday in good shape returning ten this year and you came with this Amazing Fitness backpack and if you want to know whats inside visit on the web and boy it has to turn into a most favorite homelands until like some coughing oh maybe that will get a chance to soak in for the night. Good luck. To. The scars so move the pain is still tangible. Suffering for good. For city edge but. They have survived but do they also have a future. I really understand people who say they dont want to stay here. But i also admire people who want to stay here and who decided to create something. New beginning in peace time more the people making it possible what needs to happen tolerance and reconciliation are to stand a chance. Out of darkness cities after a war. Startin

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