No other region in the world produces crude oil as cheaply as the gold states. Its a wealth of trouble from the ground for a long time to come. Bottom demand could dry up earlier than supply as a former Saudi Oil Minister warned in 2002 the stone age didnt end because the world ran out of stones. The gulf states have started to react theyre investing in sustainable construction and. Boosting the tourism industry. Promoting education for young people. And theyre finally starting to use their. Dundon solar energy. In. Saudi arabia owes its wealth to oil but that doesnt mean everyone in the country is rich the Biggest Country in the gulf lacks jobs and education. Religious doctrine still governs much of every day life. During prayer as business comes to a standstill. Her or her but the royal house is making changes saudi vision 2030 is a plan to keep Living Standards stable even if Oil Prices Sink or demand falls but saudi arabias own Energy Consumption is extremely high. And instead of using the sun they fight against it in saudi arabia in the summer months 70 percent of their electricity is spent for cooling and. The young generation will need even more energy more than half of the population is under 25. 00. Youth unemployment is high. Theres a lack of private employers and training especially for women. In some 33000000. 00 people live in the kingdom of saudi arabia 20000000. 00 a saudi citizen the National Revenue is around 180000000000. 00 u. S. Dollars 87 percent of that comes from oil. This International Team is researching the future of solar energy theyre developing Solar Energy Collectors in every imaginable a full room tiny power plants. And heads the team shes turkish holds a ph d. From germany and is a researcher here in saudi arabia. The teams truly sensational invention doesnt look like much at 1st glance. Ive shown youre actually a break to a technology that can make any window into our solar panel so what were seeing here is were able to generate electricity from windows with some special coatings on top off but its still visible to your eyes like any other window. So our Technology Actually offer is a great platform where you can make any building a Power Generation yourself. The solar window is one of many painted technologies from couse to the King Abdullah university of science and technology it was founded by a former saudi king as a private University Independent from the ministry of education the campus has its own rules and women arent required to wear the abaya its perhaps a taste of what some young saudis would like to see for the future of their country. The Solar Power Research center has adapted its architecture to the extremely hot climate there is shaded skylights and a pedestrian area to provide natural ventilation and cooling the design since the message that the future is about to change. Thank you professor in mcculloch is the centers director. He worked at the renowned Imperial College london until 2014 a few. His students joined him when he moved here because team says the facilities here a unique part of the university is largely financed by a foundation which gives the researches more financial security. And freedom for female research is women are welcomed as colleagues here. Industries like passion. I Love Industries lets because 1st time he was 16 years old when i 1st studies studied about chemistry only that i just liked it so much and i fell in love with it so in that time i decided to discover more and more about chemistry and go deep into it. Were trying to create materials that absorb the light from the sun or from indoors and primeau it from the song and then we can use that to start a Chemical Reaction and then the Chemical Reaction we create hydrogen in this case from water just cold water splitting so creating hydrogen. Energy source so this could be a potential replacement for a bottle of oil could be a big solar of hydrogen. Oil to hydrogen would be a radical switch perhaps the next generation will make it a reality. The hope of course is that they will be able to play a prominent role in some of the larger more influential so the companies of the future so i think that we are educating to some extent the elite of the save the. Student population the coast is a model that hopefully in the future is going to be replicate it. So if you. Cast also has daycare facilities which helps contribute to the Research Environment in a country that is seeking to lessen its dependence on oil. A mother who works full time is still an exception in saudi arabia. Liquid admin to. Me and i both have our daily tasks. The things we do for each other the household and family. Its worked out well so far thank god. There are difficulties and challenges. With the thought that she had but she had did her bachelors when we were already married and got excellent results were here with the always on our dream is even bigger well she wants to achieve more and of course i have to help her were going to. The 3 of them live on campus even their y l works in mecca a 2 hour journey away he commutes so that his wife can continue researching the technology that could help secure the countrys future. But theres a big obstacle to overcome in replacing oil with solid power and thats dust. In the desert state of saudi arabia there are more than 3000 sunlight hours a year and almost no rain dust coats the equipment and reduces efficiency. So that stated we can lose 2030 percent of the output so we need to be removing it and ideally moving every day because. And you dont get that layering effect of the dust right now its super layered on i mean this is this is quite a stiff bristle brush. It starts to come off. A stray an inventor george eitel who has set up his Company Nomad based on the idea of brushing the dust off instead of rinsing it saudi engineer ahmed out a sari is a member of the chain hes also be getting frustrated about the effect of dust on solid modules. Surprisingly i never knew the there is one person in the field that actually take tackling the same issue that i was the actual customer arrays and they say ok this is a problem that needs to be solving no one is doing a great job its all in it i would like to join your team and become one of the main problems or one of the Biggest Challenges that face this whole industry. There solution is an electric brush with very fine bristles it constantly sweeps the dust away so it cant stick. To. The. Council provided a fellowship that brought computer engineer jamiel shaw well back from the us. I do not imagine myself staying in saudi long term and the. Idea of change more recently coming to cows seeing how things are changing in a direction that i appreciate that i like. To use a simple one. Because all the time. In the past we have seen problems to be as something to be avoided or ignored rather than opportunities to. Embraced and this is a cultural mindset not just in the middle east but worldwide if were honest but what were seeing is is a reevaluation of the problems that exist like that and a new way to address them. Are mad and jamila trying to reconcile innovation with the countrys traditions. Making it has a lot of young people has a lot of people that want to see the kingdom change and that doesnt mean their traditions just gone but it means that things can exist at the same time. Foreign investment would also help saudi make the break from oil. But the 2018 investors conference in the capital riyadh attracted far fewer western guests than it did the year before. Saudi arabias relationship with europe and the u. S. Has been strained since the brutal murder of a saudi journalist Business Activity is deeply affected by political events especially in this part of the world. Saudi arabia is going out of its way to bring in investment. To king abdul Industrial Valley promises Foreign Investors low rents low energy costs and hardly any tax still the response has been muted thus far. There are plans to build an ultra modern city next to the Industrial Area for up to 2000000 residents. Theres even a golf course already. Huge industrial port is under construction and another city several times bigger than this one is being planned for the north of the country to entice investors. Slowly but surely the country is starting to realize that oil alone wont keep it going for ever. The saudi arabias regional rival is its neighbor qatar a much smaller country but with a similarly powerful economy to its huge natural gas reserves. In several middle Eastern Countries cut diplomatic ties with qatar in september 2017 following allegations of financing terrorism. Qatar is reacted with patriotism and assurance that they would manage just fine without their powerful neighbors Migrant Workers keep the qatari economy going. The amirs vision for the future is to have more private enterprise that doesnt depend on gas and to foster of all highly educated population. To. 2. 6000000 people live in the emirate of qatar. 240008 citizen. National revenue is around 44000000000. 00 u. S. Dollars 76 percent of that comes from natural gas. I thought was blessed with Natural Resources as well as it serve any centric position in the middle east and in the middle of the world if you wish so other not only in the Foreign Policy but when it comes to the for example the scene of education. Created the Education City which is serving as an educational harmful to the entire region. Qatar has Brought International universities and think tanks into the country including the Brookings Institution from the u. S. Qatar has identified like the knowledge economy and Education Sector as r. K. Components of it so versification carter generally there has been a very good space to have intelligent independent dialogue and researchers and these organizations are allowed the space to be able to do the work that into the. The Brookings Institution has boy some criticism of the countrys economic policy. A large share of the National Population is involved in government work they have government positions their place in government they have these the high salaries short working hours job security these are all very good things well when a country starts talk with the need to diversify its usually far into their 1st official the private sector so i think in general you. Need to encourage entrepreneurial spirit and entrepreneurship involves risk taking. The Main Driving Force in the private sector is construction New Buildings going up everywhere. Construction is also taking place underground the capital doha now has a metro system that will have 4 lines once complete. The 10s of thousands of people who work on these mega projects mainly come from abroad working conditions have improved following International Criticism most of the moderates arrive with no training and learn on the job. These kinds of contracts and not attracted to skilled workers. Tyreese are more likely to do administrative jobs and i still prefer to work for state owned companies. Rethinking old ways will take time in cata says a spokesman for the metro association. And then well see that up under the dome of the well its a very new kind of transport system for qatar. So itll take a while for people to realize that its safe and environmentally friendly. And worked well for a metro will save time money and of course energy. Saving energy and reducing the countrys dependence on natural gas is at the forefront of the new sustainable city center of doha this is the district of michiru named after the springs and wells that sustained the ancient desert cities. And thats good for the. You can close the roof so the whole square is in the shade during the day or. So level and weve created a new architectural language so that the mothers body knows that the structure of the stones on the facades prevents the sun from shining directly into the buildings but to live in the for the shards of. The architects were inspired by the past where no houses in cata had energy guzzling air conditioning them a share of district uses wind to cool the area naturally you can see how it works in the Old Buildings that still exist here. Doesnt limit but this building has been built in such a way that the wind from the north blows in and cools the entire building. Ground has many advantages too it doesnt absorb heat so the building stays cool and also the dust sticks to it. So when the wind blows through the building it doesnt stir any of it up was that it got one shot. Residential and Office Buildings in this district would use up to 30 Percent Less Energy at least thats what the government is aspiring to. In just a few decades the capital doha has transformed from a fishing village into a lively metropolis. And. The tiny emirate of qatar is now well known all over the western world but its almost defiant in its pride to be an independent nation. Of. Qatar has taken on an Important Role in World Politics and wants to retain it. The Foreign Ministry is also involved in cutters vision 2030 that will hopefully create a future independent of natural gas. People sometimes think that the 2030 vision of because of you know the fact that other countries are launching there is only recently that the father has joined the club as a matter of fact others had that vision in 2008 launched and that at that time we didnt have the world cup. We didnt win it but then as soon as that happened that was integrated into the overall vision. Sporting events could also provide an alternative source of income. To the khalifa stadium can be. When Host International events in the summer because of its gigantic air conditioning system its the only one in the world in an open stadium. Katters World Cup Commission is responsible not only for planning the event but also for what comes after how can the economy build on the expertise thats been brought into the country. All of the sporting or International Events it has i mean a lot of it and to see an International Expert used to come and delivering the event. I mean there will be going to the next event to show the knowledge that is ringback here within about that and within the region. This just goes to center to ensure i mean to deliver education and training to the sporting industry. Sustainability is also part of the sporting industry at least thats the message the World Cup Commission wants to convey for example with the 1st fifa stadium to be recycled after the world cup. The whole a stadium as will be. This month after that on the month of the world be broken down into a different use of sword so i can be the stadium itself can be rebuilt elsewhere with this image with addition of everybody down into smaller resolutely. The building is made from shipping containers and steel girders after the world cup cutter could theoretically sell the stadium to the u. S. From mexico so it can be rebuilt there for 2026 as long as the politicians play ball. Oh man it doesnt just look different than its neighbors and their towering skylines. The sultanate is having an easier time. On the alternatives to oil and natural gas for one because its reserves are smaller than those of its neighbors and a mans economy was flourishing even before the discovery of oil. Life here is still shaped by fishing crafts and trade and women also have a big role in society. A man has diplomatic relations with all the gulf states including qatar. Its ancient citadels and fortified buildings and now just part of the countrys history the country practices a more moderate form of conservative islam. Some 4600000. 00 people live in the sultanate of amman 2500000. 00 a citizens National Revenue is around 22000000000. 00 u. S. Dollars 73 percent of that comes from oil and gas. Much as the Historic District of a mans capsule muscat and one of the citys major Tourist Attractions more than 3000000. 00 visitors come to amman every year mainly from germany and france. To resume is the biggest industry up to oil and gas and it grows every year by 6 percent. The governments next aim is to build a port for large cruise ships right in the front of the old town. But wont mass to resume ruin the historic area. Geographer manuel a good pilot is hoping to answer this question with her research. Shes lived in muscat for 14 years oman has a lot to offer and a lot to lose that much is clear from a visit to the beit random museum. For. The more than 2 days ahead all. This is. That. The black robes arrived in the country with the rise of oil and the influence of saudi arabia that also brought a more conservative way of life. The man well hopes to find a form of gentle tourism thats compatible with local tradition. In a way a conservative country youve got a village in the interior you need to really observe the way you dress the way you talk to people you know its not that you know you need to really look around you the environm