Transcripts For DW Testosterone 20240713

Weve come to the mainstay University Hospital to talk to dr michels its man a german specialist in the treatment of diseases that affect men hes also an expert on whole mines. Feeding out just astro is responsible for the development of a number of layoffs sickle characteristics including hair patterns on the head of it also determines beard growth affects muscles and a mans overall personality a system thats a much more complex or long term some people might think. Most testosterone is produced in the testes but a small amount comes from the adrenal cortex. This specific sources of testosterone of the light excels the hormones that are responsible for developing male characteristics in the body called androgens the most important antigen is testosterone. Levels of testosterone rise dramatically during puberty and then remain at a high level. But researchers have also found significant short term increases in this home and immediately after birth. Its hard to say why that happens but it seems to be a part of the maturation process in the brain and in the male reproductive system does better than most. Christian of all lives and brawn at the age of 20 he discovered that he had 2 little testosterone in his body doctors later determined that the cells in his brain were not sending up the proper production signals the cause of the problem wasnt clear. At 1st both had a hard time even describing the symptoms it took a long time for doctors to come up with a proper diagnosis. As far. As cancer realizing that something was wrong was a gradual process but it didnt happen overnight they kept feeling worse and worse i had no energy at all and no sex drive either spec mannish just one but i could feel something just wasnt right it was could feel that i was diagnosed with depression. Or when i realized that something was seriously wrong with make us all how to of course from a look up i went. Home was a medical student at the time and a bodybuilder he kept a close eye on his metabolism and testosterone levels. So it was a fluke but i couldnt figure out what was going on i got along well with my family and had a girlfriend i was doing well at school and then i figured out that this might have something to do with a testosterone deficiency in my vicinity interest of swan so i had some tests done and the levels turned out to be about 0 thats a bit low isnt a sense of any. How much testosterone demand actually need. To average men have at least 8. 00 to 12. 00 normals per liter of testosterone to anything below that represents a deficiency but the amount also depends on genetics a single misinformed if you need to convince testosterone levels are much lower food about 5 to 10 percent that ive met says they use the testosterone to synthesize estrogen to the primary female sex or along with. That synthesis is carried out by an enzyme called aromatase it can be found in cells in several parts of the body including the brain adrenal glands ovaries and testes. In the face of such testosterone levels christian fold chose a potentially risky form of medical treatment. That had. Needed hormone replacement therapy after other possible causes like vitamin d. Deficiency have been ruled out. One of the side effects of hormone replacement therapy is that it suppresses sperm production which can cause in particular. Mo here to cope with testosterone is naturally produced in the testicles but the process begins in the brain reciprocally in the hypothalamus sign and. Hides it links the bodys nervous system to the endurance system who the pituitary gland. The pitcher trade land is divided into 2 sections the anterior portion produces 2 key hormones l. H. And s. And each l. H. Is responsible for stimulating the production of testosterone in the testes. S. H. Contributes to the production of spam. These 2 hormones report back to the brain on within the body is producing enough testosterone and sperm. The brain adjusts the amounts of each as necessary. And it has to store testosterone replacement therapy suppresses the hormones in the pituitary gland that are responsible for sperm production and its like a Birth Control pills and a pillar for one month. And among other but if a man is testosterone deficient and wants to have children we have to take a different approach. Long testosterone can have serious effects on the body that can too much of its own mind make men overly aggressive. This is leon home of france the center for cognitive neuroscience says. Dreyer is a Research Director here. Has been studying the influence of testosterone on Human Behavior and hes found little evidence that to start strong stocks aggression in men. Should. Be a vector that testosterone has on Human Behavior is by no means clear but there is some indirect evidence that you know in the example high levels of testosterone have been found in some Prison Inmates who have committed serious crimes these are you more and we did a study which indicated that patients who were given testosterone injections if you could become more aggressive still in the fix you know you call to show. Your testosterone can also actually improve social behavior to. Some group or neutral it does seem to. So at this point theres little hard evidence pointing to a link between increased levels of testosterone and aggressive behavior. d dreyer conducted an experiment to try to prove or disprove these claims his 1st task was to measure the testosterone levels in the participants blood. Testosterone is a fat soluble hormone so it can pass through the membranes of cells bind with hormone receptors and then produce changes in the cell structure. Testosterone can be identified and measured in various bodily fluids. Including saliva urine and blood. Before the experiment begins one group of participants is injected with testosterone the other group is given a placebo. d to switch to an iron group and we try to determine whether the increase in testosterone levels would contribute to a change in behavior as you as graph shows that both groups started out with approximately the same level of testosterone was to actually look at the short that is then we gave one group of testosterone as jack shows its own severe mix and recorded the increase in the level of this hormone all. Now the test subjects are going to take part in a game exercise called ultimatum the game is frequently used in Behavior Research its designed to test whether a person is generous all selfish one of the players is given a sum of money and is required to share part of it with the other if the 2nd player accepts the offer the deal goes ahead as planned but if he rejects it neither player gets any money. At this point we observed no difference between the player whod been given testosterone and the one who hasnt is still into a city. Now the rules of the game are going to change a bit the players will be able to use the money to reward fair behavior or punish unfair behavior and this is where driver and his colleagues observed a difference between the player who got an extra dose of testosterone and the one who didnt. See obesity in his crew so true its a subtle difference and we confirmed it only in the 2nd stage of the experiment what can you with. The group administered with extra testosterone imposed a more severe punishment when they believed that they had been given enough money not in the same time they also reacted more positively when given more money than expected he did you know. We observed a big difference in the behavior of the 2 groups. So can testosterone also stimulate generosity in men the researchers was surprised by the results but the situation is more complex than that dre a says this is subconscious motivation at work. So much of young. This man aman and shows clearly that and so you can improve your social status if you cooperate with people or engage in other kinds of positive social behavior. Also more so while testosterone can influence aggression commitments which it also plays a role in the ability to act with generosity so thats good news in those 3. Dry eye has been looking for more evidence to support his theory on the influence of testosterone so hes been studying brain activity. The order to this is to a focus. Testosterone based behavior can improve a man social status and that process could be linked to various mechanisms in the brain its going to particularly a group of neural structures known as the reward system to mark. Improved social status generates a sense of wellbeing like a reward that may explain the boasting trait commonly associated with excessive manly behavior. You know its about something one of 2 guys theres always a motivation behind generosity you know if someone sees you being generous theyre more likely to think highly of you for example that men will probably be more generous if they know that they are being observed by women. Simply by them she dont buy them cubes this indicates another link between testosterone and generous behavior. This is to oprahs really was nothing that was to. So testosterone may be responsible for positive and negative behavior in both cases this behavior seems to be directed at preserving or even improving social status. Psychologist pronto mehta is an associate professor at University College in london. His research focuses on how hormones particularly testosterone influence Human Behavior. The evidence for that myth that testosterone is directly related to masculine traits like aggression has not borne out in the data so there are plenty of results suggesting that testosterone is either weekly or unrelated to aggressive behavior at all in humans including human males so the field is still trying to unpack these kinds of the facts to understand when testosterone might be related to other behaviors like helping and prosocial behavior as well the metal has carried out an experiment that involves the ultimatum game similar to the one we saw early on. Its actually a way to look at 2 kinds of behaviors one is trust to what extent is the 1st mover trusting and 2 to look at reciprocity of trust if someone is hyper trusting is the 2nd mover going to reciprocate that trust. As in the experiment carried out by sean claw dreyer one player was given an extra dose of testosterone the other player was given a placebo. The experiment will measure the level of trust between the 2 the player administered testosterone could use his money to make sure that the other player also profits that will the 2nd player give back some of his winnings as a gesture of gratitude or would he keep it all for himself. We found 2 interesting facts 1st is consistent with the stereotype testosterone reduce trust in the 1st mover so that is somewhat consistent with the stereotype being related to. Competitiveness and threat and the environment may be. Mobilizing more selfish social behaviors rates are going to keep money. Next the player has reversed their roles. In both tests the player with the extra testosterone shares his winnings with the other this is an example of prosocial behavior. We know that reciprocity even cooperate of situations where its going to garner status and what we found is it has altered boosted routes across city and were arguing that in a cooperate of environment its again a superstition prosocial behaviors that you claim status and so though in those situations saturn actually might prosocial. Matter is convinced that to stop steroid implies a much more complex role in Human Behavior than research has previously thought for example we can promote socially positive behavior but theres always a motivating factor behind that behavior. You can imagine when we think about our leaders and people in positions of power they have expertise knowledge and experience that theyre going to relate to their subordinates thats part of being a good leader thats also part of some definitions of power where youre helping others as a way to influence others in some ways so you could think of it as process but its also in some definitions an exertion of power. But concepts such as masculinity status and power are perceived differently in various cultures around the world will the test results differ from one country to the next. So of my laboratories and one in someone elses laboratory in germany someone elses laboratory the effects of testosterone on the human body at the same regardless of culture and geography when Christian Vall found out that he was infertile he started looking for solutions. But my mother took me to see a urologist only and he told her that i would never have children or that i could have a super would have sex life so my mom didnt think it was funny so i started reading up on my condition it is in the stream of lives of folks or. Is there a medical solution to infertility caused by testosterone deficiency. Doctors its my office somehow. When im. Out and licensed and one of the things we can do for men who suffer from this problem is to give them injections of going out on truckin hormones so they have a gun during which you can see how p. C. Form of treatment has been used for years even decades where you had seemed and comes. The good not a trope ans include l h which is responsible for the production of testosterone in the testes and if s. H. Which contributes to the production of sperm. The treatment was successful for christian of all for his body was able to produce testosterone and fish are sperm for a short period of time he had the sperm frozen for later use. Based on what stood out so if i had listened to what the doctors told me at 1st it would have ended right there but now i can have children 100. 00. 1 of the szell ties is a professor of psychology at Friedrich Alexander university in ellen his Research Work focuses on how testosterone affects the body specifically bone growth. One can be that would not go on doing some effective from. Just asteroids and extradite its counterpart in females and contribute significantly to bone strength and density action from Prenatal Development to maturity of your own destiny incumbents in the. Clear example during the 1st 3 months of pregnancy testosterone causes the ring fingers of the male foetus to grow longer than the index fingers in the sling fingers. Showtimes notes that in general womens index fingers are longer than they ring fingers in many its just the opposite. Here you can see that in this image of a mans hand. In the extreme is clearly shorter than the ring finger that. Because. Testosterone clearly has an influence on bone growth even in the early stages of pregnancy it might also be responsible for the Early Development of the socalled power motive. Shawn so this is as a scientist so im interested in finding out where that motive comes from i suspect that its origins can be found in biology is that were out. Here is conducting an experiment in which the participants write a fantasy narrative this may help them to determine whether they are motivated by power. Or the power motive is a common human characteristic that involves one persons efforts to have an impact on the behavior of others this motivation does not necessarily manifest itself a conscious attitudes or the beliefs that we have about ourselves our Research Indicates that the way we perceive ourselves actually has little to do with what makes us tick and what influences our spontaneous behaviors. Which for. This part of the experiment involves a series of 10 tests and finding out how the participants respond to victory or defeat. The test results can be manipulated one participant can win up to 8 of the 10 rounds. The researchers want to find out whether any changes take place in the test subjects hormone levels. To that we found that the power motive plays a role in the response to winning or losing. Those who won this had higher levels of testosterone than those who lost to them for the. And if one of the participants is not motivated by power but wins it has no effect on the amount of testosterone in his system. We cant say that winning or losing is exclusively responsible for changes in testosterone levels we have to take into account factors such as the individuals personality and motivation the fortunes of. Those factors are shaped by testosterone during fetal Brain Development. But does it all come down to testosterone and its influence in determining for example male finkle length and the development of the power motive. Women have only 10 percent of the testosterone levels found in men does that mean that they are less motivated by power. By play theres evidence that indicates that there is a connection between the length of womens fingers and the power motive complex business i was not so its a complex situation that will require a lot more research. Scientists have learned more in recent years about female sex hormones but the relationship between women in power has not been widely studied. The field has focused on male reproductive system and males for the past 100 years and has largely ignored collective looking at female sex hormones in the context of status and leadership and this is. This is a large gap in the literature to date. Weve come to the university of cambridge to talk to clinical psychologist simon baron cohen. Part of his research focuses on how gender affects Human Behavior in general and the brain in particular. Weve been looking sex differences in the mind between males and females on average and one of tests that we use is where you have to find a shape thats hidden in a design as quickly as you can and we find that on average man are faster at finding this target hidden in the overall design. Baron cohen and his colleagues conducted behavioral studies of children and. Since they started by testing hormone levels in numerous samples of amniotic fluid the liquid that helps protect the fetus in the womb. Weve measured the testosterone during a pregnancy in the womb in the amniotic fluid so this is the baby in the womb and some women during pregnancy have a clinical procedure called amniocentesis where a needle goes into that fluid to take up some of the fluid and we can measure testosterone in the fluid and babys very in terms of how much of the home and they are exposed to so boys share more and more testosterone than girls in the new york influence. In the early stages of Fetal Development the genitalia show no signs of gender distinction but after approximately the 7th week of gestation a gene on the y. Chromosome can activate a process that results in the development of testicles lyta testosterone plays a role in the development of masculine characteristics in several parts of the male fetus including the brain. While looking at these long term the facts of the hormones presumably mediated by changes in Brain Development. So were measuring the behavior but the assumption is that hormones have changed Brain Development in males and females because theyre exposed to different amounts of the hormone. After the babies and baron cohen study were born he measured and analyzed their reaction to a series of images. What we found was that the higher the childs prenatal testosterone the less i contact the child makes at their 1st birthday so this was a surprise for us because you would think i contact is influenced by social factors but actually it seems to also be influenced by prenatal testosterone. The children were tested again at the age of 2 the results indicated that girls more actively sought i contact them boys did and had better verbal skills. They talk earlier and their language develops faster what we didnt know is why why do girls have this advantage in Language Development but now we can relate it back to the prenatal testosterone because we found that children who had higher prenatal testosterone had smaller vocabularies years later baron cohen conducted more tests on the children. They were shown images of various facial expressions and were asked to describe the emotion the images contrite. And again we found that the higher the childs prenatal tests duren the more difficulty they have on this test of empathy which is a surprise again for us because were finding as if even though its 8 years later since we measured the testosterone this dillema fact that were observing. To sum up girls did better. Now on tests that involve verbal and social skills. Boys were better at developing analytical skills. The same hormone seems to be involved not only in social developments like reading faces and language and eye contact but also enormous social skills like pattern recognition and taking things apart to see parts within the homes a bit like on the rubiks cube where you have to see the pattern very quickly. The tests indicate that boys are better able to understand abstract concepts but have less empathy baron cohen has used the findings to support his theory of a possible link between testosterone and autism. We looked at their relationship between typical sex differences and autism because what is m is more common and boring. So we were trying to understand why why why why does being a boy lead you to a higher likelihood that youll develop autism and the answer were getting is that one factor may be prenatal testing auster and. Research on this subject is still in the early stages and experts are still trying to find out what role prenatal tests tossed around plays in determining sexual differentiation in the brain. Thats going on is that make mistakes theres no evidence of predetermination in the brain were sort of pushed one way or the other by hormonal effects of the early stages of fetal Brain Development but very Much Development happens later of after birth in infancy and beyond that when the hormones act jointly with a number of extra off factors in the environment and above all in a childs social environment its looking for a reason and they are. There to has been researching the influence that hormones and social environment have on behavior development. Researchers have including my lab have looked at both directions of the facts how hormones influence dominance and status related behaviors and how one social status and the environment in turn can impact hormone fluctuations in a few back will. Also studied how people. Perceive themselves and how that perception influences their behavior. Do people consider themselves dominant or passive and what role does testosterone play and so what we found was that testosterone didnt have a direct effect on competitive Decision Making but it really depended on whether they filled out the questionnaire suggesting that they were high or low in dominance so some of our work does suggest that cormans do impacts behavior such as competitive behavior but interestingly in inconsistent with the sort of myth about testosterone is direct effect this depends on peoples personalities so the way we see ourselves. So testosterone influences our personality and in turn our personality influences our level of testosterone. High levels of testosterone a said to make men virile and dominant and society either view such men with respect or contempt testosterone also fuels Competition Among men perhaps its no coincidence that this hormone was discovered during the late stages of the Industrial Revolution and. In the 850 s. Shall edward brown sicker was one of the 1st scientists to speculate on the existence of substances that we now know is home loans he also regularly injected himself with the fluid extracted from animal testicles and claimed that this process improved his sexual prowess and physical well being. Testosterone has long been associated with masculinity strength and vitality. Today testosterone replacement therapy has become popular among older men. In some advertisements its tough as a miracle cure much as brown sekhar claimed more than a century ago pharmacies doctors and Drug Companies make a lot of money selling testosterone preparations cells have increased sharply since 2007. Tough to michels its men is regularly consulted by older men suffering symptoms of exhaustion many worry a testosterone deficiency may be the cause of concern. Sitzman tests the patient sperm count and bone density among other procedures. In most cases hes not able to attribute the symptoms to reduce levels of testosterone. Using. This graph it shows that testosterone levels of 10000 men ranging in age from 4 to 92 the in year their boys of course have very low level zines and houses in need of a good to. Hear the levels increase during puberty then we see high levels of testosterone slide into old age. If we rule out disease there are several reasons why to start strong levels may fall. In other mice unfairnesses because we were given the vast majority of cases of these patients produce less testosterone simply because theyre overweight. Obesity is a problem for many older men and younger men too for that matter. Overweight men usually have a lot of visceral fat and that fat releases a number of harmful substances. And it can lead to insulin resistance my Blood Pressure and lower testosterone levels for. One layer of body fat lies just beneath the skin a 2nd line of visceral fat is. Stored in the abdominal cavity needs several vital organs. Excess visceral fat can cut testosterone production which can promote the storage of even more fat in the abdominal cavity this causes the spare tire thats common among middle aged men. Testosterone is often associated with doping scandals in competitive sports. Michelle clairvaux with the german elim peak Sports Confederation is an expert on the use of performance enhancing substances including testosterone. Testosterone it plays a key role in regulating muscle mass and how the body responds to exercise size during a prolonged physical activity the muscles suffer a minor trauma so afterwards the body starts repairing the damage muscular tissue and increasing its strength and size. Of this im awesome. Until recently only professional athletes use performance enhancing drugs now amateur athletes a taking them as well. For use of testosterone derivatives called anabolic steroids commercials in the studios is a huge problem right now get in space and we believe that 13 to 16 percent of all clients are used to doping proper asians mostly anabolic steroids and its a lot more widespread among amateur athletes than it is among the professionals this is a less. Healthy males produce 40 milligrams of testosterone every day but for those who are trying to increase muscle mass and performance that amount is too little. Christiane for tried using testosterone supplements to county his home and deficiency. Scripts. To supplement industry and used inside testosterone boosters and capsules for justice was all i knew that they werent going to work but i tried them anyway or does it hurt for the companies that make these products play on your emotions for 2 shots and think thats why i bought them and of course they didnt help at all about but only anabolic steroids synthetic versions of testosterone can produce the kinds of results. That the athletes want the use of steroids to enhance performance is widespread among bodybuilders. And i know for sure. In my own research i came across the case of a 17 year old who was using these substances. Merely come he was scary he was injecting more than a 1000 milligrams of testosterone derivatives a week. He was also taking dianabol steroids tablets every day or. So and all of thats a lot more than a 1000 milligrams a week thats a dangerous amount for a 17 year old does this for. The abuse of anabolic steroids can have a number of dangerous side effects including high Blood Pressure strokes heart attacks and liver damage. Excessive increases in testosterone can lead to reductions in spend production. Because the brain determines that the body has enough to start and cuts off the supply. Pronto matter has been studying with the substances besides testosterone can influence Human Behavior for example cortisol a hormone thats often released in response to stress and low concentrations of blood sugar there is some evidence that cortisol levels impact the pathway between testosterone and behavioral outcomes specifically hormones dont influence behavior directly but theres a mechanism through which they are curves pacifically one mechanism is they bind to a receptor for that specific or more in the case of testosterone that would be the intrusion receptor. This binding process takes place throughout the body like a key fitting into a lock. Made to believe that in stressful situations cautious all flops a testosterone receptive. Cortisol levels are high that could actually intact when eyes are on or impede the relationship between testosterone and behavior presumably through molecular pathways such as receptor reduction and so we theorized what we called the jewel hormone hypothesis. This role playing exercises designed to test the effect of course on testosterone one participant gives a series of orders to the other if the player who is supposed to follow the orders feel stressed his behavior changes. We found that one levels of cortisol were low vadra fact occur that higher testosterone has a related dominance one cortisol levels are high that in fact wasnt there higher testosterone was not related to more dominance so this is suggesting that testosterone is a fax dominant behavior in a position of leadership really depends on whats happening in the stress axis in the body. So is it possible that testosterone is just one of many substances that can influence Human Behavior. More research on this subject needs to be done at this point experts have come to a variety of different conclusions. Biology does not mean simplicity i think its recognizing in appreciating the complexity that we are human beings were Dynamic Systems we develops and evolves to adapt to different environments and that form. Moans actually their beauty again is that they are responsive to the environment so your hormones are facts the way you behave but their environment also affects your hormone release in general testosterone represents 2 of the major societal things about time competition and success. The cliche is that men who have too little testosterone and loses men who have a lot of it are winners. I dont know whether i should be proud of how much testosterone i have or not i think. Its appends on what society thinks are desirable qualities and residents. And that concept can change from depending on the culture and the era. Testosterone is the stuff that men a made of the actual quantity is not so important but every man needs at least a minimum amount. Of use with it to have fun so since i started testosterone replacement therapy i felt a lot better the depression and lack of energy disappeared in 2 weeks and things just kept Getting Better for me im not confused and unhappy anymore. So theres no simple 1. 00 to 1. 00 link between testosterone and male aggression or quest for power latest findings indicate its social and cultural environment factors that determine testosterone so fixed on man the behavior. That is quite as simple as it seems. To understand the world better we need to take a closer look at. The experience knowledge tomorrows. Strawn d. W. Grappling with some tricks. Expressing feelings i am not very creative yet but i would love to be considered an artist mandate looking for new perspectives. To it and not really replaced by a previous time and doing things differently. Come to the place where we reflect on society on 20. People 16 years on d w. Ws crime fighters are back with the africas most successful radio drama series continues all of disowns are Available Online course you can share and discuss on w. Africas Facebook Page and other social media platforms crime fighters tune in no. Indeed of climate change. Her decision. To. Put senseless people. What ideas do they have of their future. D. W. Dot com an african. Those 3. Clear cut. Players. Playing. This is d w news live from new yorks a deadly day in the heart of the pandemic in the United States sees a record surge and fatalities hospitals are stretched to the limit and the city could soon run out of lifesaving ventilators well get an update from new york city also coming up. Though infections and deaths are still low in south