That reprogram your family. Out about the. Last. Past and present in the Weimar Republic the ideology of ethno nationalism was widespread and eventually became the foundation of the nazi regime scooped in the d stream right in germany today is clearly drawing upon this old focus ideology this ethno nationalism this was right wing extremists today are stoking fears of immigration and what they call the great replacement stuff because i was cautious you know great replacement is when the majority population the native population is displaced and replaced by my. In already when the ethnic composition of a population is turned on its head. And once again the new rides at no nationalist ideas are companied by racism and anti semitism. Everyone knows which old parasites were talking about. The new right rejects todays germany and believes the time is ripe for a National Transformation by. Theres a belief i think its a delusional one that the time has come to overthrow the system they hate to overthrow democracy what some call it. What does the germany of today have to do with the via our republic of nearly a century ago what do they have in common what parallels can we draw to a time just before the nazi regime seized power sweeping away hope freedom and peace. Is. This simple and catchy slogan bolin is not weimar thats a trivialization of history historical constellations dont repeat themselves in this one to one kind of a way we go with the slogan also offers a kind of false reassurance it implies we dont need to give much thought to anti democratic developments that might be on the way suggests that this comparison is meaningless but i believe that some of whats happening now requires us to do exactly that to undertake this comparison the same kind of assault on democracy that happened in the Weimar Republic is being revived in a big way. Poor boy if. History might not repeat itself but we can still learn from it students at a high school in cologne are rehearsing a play about holocaust survivor to mark dreyfus who lost much of her family in the nazi concentration camps. Working with germanys association for information and counseling for the survivors of nazi persecution they want to show how her story is still relevant to the present day. One of the were doing and indeed its a stock market by performing this piece we might be able to get people interested in the whole issue again trying to hide the past is important we can learn from it so that we dont make the same mistakes of what we dont where the next reference of in school you notice that jokes about jews have become funny again those kinds of jokes are acceptable again. To ma dr who is has also observed the reemergence of racism and antisemitism and believes that something needs to be done now to counter the trend d his article after you once said remembering isnt enough we have to act what if that doesnt happen or slim that would be bad then it will grow we have to keep repeating this message day in and day out much some people may say we dont want this we dont want to hear this anymore its over but you have to remember without remembrance there is no future who i burned when in 1929 during the Weimar Republic 11 years after the end of the 1st world war. I germany had been a democracy for 10 years but now its enemies were circling rallying on the streets and even in parliament. Was indeed an organ and we have seen that this new German Parliamentary and party system is hypocritical and socially corrupt places the it is an enemy of our fatherland i. Once was fired. Up but who can bear was chairman of the German NationalPeoples Party and a leader of the right. The. Watergate at the time Political Parties and of Weimar Republic were under attack there was a widespread feeling that germans didnt need multiple Political Parties all they needed was a single true representative of the people that a strong leader a strong single party just. Thats what were seeing again today or in the populace the radical right are saying we are the true people we represent the people everyone else is being manipulated and is acting against the peoples interests and does because you block. The major parties have been preying on the state and turn the government of our nation and people into an arena for ideological experiments the a. F. D. Is our countrys last chance to evolve in the right direction otherwise we must prepare to fight of. The day is called bits as leader of the f. T. And brandenburg and has extensive contacts with neo nazi youth organizations the party is putting its faith in the younger generations. Many in the Weimar Republic also recognized the importance of youth organizations churches professional associations sports clubs and Political Parties all expected the postwar generation to grab the reins and shape the countrys future. By the time the nazis had seized power it was not just the hitler youth who had been converted many young people believe that democracy had become obsolete tarnished by the older generation that had led germany into the 1st world war ideas of race and ethnicity had become the hallmarks of National Unity the individual was nothing the people everything their bond to blood and soil was to be purged of alien elements leaving behind only the pure body of the people. Who have it is that what it is that could be no contradictions within the supposedly biologically p. O. National community the body of the people it couldnt countenance any form of plurality of conflicts of interest competing interests had to be cornish to all of these things that we now accept as part of modern math society where rejected as fundamentally hostile fire. Germanys student fraternities were part of this Youth Movement by not. 24 their writings were drawing on these ideas. The ethnic nation as the source of Political Action every citizen is obligated to act in the National Interest their actions must be guided only by the desire to preserve and promote the ethnic lifeway of our people. On screen you know to go into the traditions of the German Fraternity has also drawn the ethno nationalist and anti semitic ideologies of the 1920 s. And thirtys that has now fraternities serve as a breeding ground for radical right wing parties and think tanks and for the whole right wing operator. The german fraternities are still the elite schools of germanys extreme right their traditions are unchanged. But how much of this has no nationalist ideology still remains. We meet the fraternity spokesman philip stein and hala. What i want is for peoples and populations to preserve their relative homogeneity their traditions. How is that different from nazi racial theory. Well racial theory is based on something very different ethnicity doesnt mean everyone is blonde everyone has beautiful straight teeth or a particular shape of skull people is made up of a variety of qualities that have evolved organically over the centuries and im asking about this tradition of racial theory because it also involved this fear of intermingling. Well as ive explained. To fit a kinship and identity along with language and religious confession and are some of the things that define a nation. And of course kinship in identity include some things that have nothing to do with racial theory but just with forms of expression with human forms. Form as a this is like what. Well take a look around this. Its pretty easy for me to see that youre a german or european. Of one so its pretty clear that certain physical characteristics define a people at least most of what i would call people thats actually a pretty ordinary fact. But thats a racist or racial point of view. Why racial. I dont want to somehow define people by the shape of their skulls or the kind of crazy stuff that the National Socialists propagated but thats not it just goes without saying that certain characteristics are what define the identity of a people. So where are these ideas coming from is this existence this is an existential racist motive force has been part of radical right wing ideology for some 200 years and its constantly finding new language and new terminology for its ideas like substituting the word race with words like culture or identity it is that they want society to be homogenous along ethnic lines if you want to change the things that define germany as a state today many people who are obviously german citizens are not perceived as germans through the prism of ethno nationalism thats what they want to the sets. To monteith who has witnessed how racism and antisemitism gave rise to segregation persecution and murder. She and her family lived in the lithuanian capital of vilnius. In 1041 when she was 3 years old the german army occupied the city her mother hid her but then she and her parents were rounded up and sent to the citys jewish ghetto. One day her father was taken away and shot not long afterwards tomar and her mother were put on a train to a death camp. Along the way the train made a brief stop her mother saw a chance to escape. As if by a miracle they got away unnoticed and went underground for years and survived. To mark dreyfus has been living in cologne for many years today she feels that shes witnessing a revival of the past a resurgent racism and hostility towards immigrants nourished by the very same ideology she feels an obligation to tell her story educate people and warn them what to sanju says and my face is probably to stay here and do what i do i mean this is like a drop of water on a hot stone that many trucks can make stone melt and i hope our collective lot of drops in my time. So i am sorry i am today nationalism has returned to germany streets under the guise of a right wing protest movement. Fears of a nation under threat of national decline are being whipped up to justify the anger. The smell of decay from a dying democracy is wafting through the country in this situation dear friends and i say this is a citizen loyal to the state oh duty is not to remain calm a civic duty is one of her. Rage anger defiance and civil disobedience we must take out country but. You know. Thats fact. Its getting in shape and to bend in the midst of you you know hope. In. The radical right both in the 1920 s. And today it regards liberal democracy as a process of to klein and decay and it supposedly leads to crime and to infiltration by foreigners and other disasters. This view doesnt have much to do with reality if you took one in the Weimar Republic monarchists and supporters of a one party system saw parliament and the democratic parties as the enemy. The social democrats with their ideas of liberalism or especially hated the communists were agitating from the left the d. M. V. And increasingly the nazi party from the right. They called for parliament and Political Parties to be abolished. Thing but i dont think im. Right let me give you but i know. That. The. I think i do. I think you have that at a time. Today the f. D. A. Is trying to claim the mantle of savior. They see the government and other Political Parties as enemies of the people. The i pad thai traditional Political Parties are trapped in their multicultural republican make tricks and musty outdated cowardly good the refined and even discounts of invasive dear friends of the chancellor wants to create a fait accompli before she resigns it in before she wants to make the great replacement irreversible dont ask me what her motives are for some reason she has something against the german people and how c. Address skiing that starts a ford. Escape in and i dont want to create a different country a country without immigrant families a country without a liberal culture and a cosmopolitan globalized economy that essentially talking about a form of National Socialism is not so 9 thoughts on this point. In the German Parliament the bundestag the a. F. P. Serves as a catch all for the far right that survives by whipping up discontent and anger. Many of the voters have lost faith in the state and political system. Only one to 4 percent of voters from the mainstream established parties say theyre dissatisfied with democracy in germany but among left wing voters that figure is 31 percent among a of the voters 41 percent. This dissatisfaction with the democratic system paired with no nationalism has also drawn dreams of middle class voters were many of whom share these views. Even before the f. D. A. Was founded as a certain segment in German Society held much more conservative. If not to say right wing i defy racist views than were reflected in uncle americas Christian Democratic Party but there was no one on the stage who said this openly or with an air of credibility and legitimacy. And feel if he has succeeded in doing just that out there and now racist values and world views and not just being forceful but openly expressed. Often limited to is a right wing extremist believes also exist in the center of society that wed like to think of as a kind of bastion a line of defense and we tend to think of right wing extremism as taking place on the political french something that you can get back on the control because its just an isolated minority but thats not really true me these attitudes are widespread youll find many segments of society. 2 right wing extremism can persist over generations this is shown by a study conducted by the university of munich which examined rhineland. And gotten back to federal states where immigration has been less of a factor. They found that areas that voted for the nazis in 133. 00 shown here in red gave a larger share of their vote to the in the 2017 parliamentary elections shown here in blue. Its interest on a conveyor are astonishing continue to use in electoral behaviors that go back to the time of National Socialism. This shows us that the political culture the radical right wing attitudes dont suddenly disappear or change overnight thats continuity these attitudes are passed down in families and communities. Of. The new far right and the cut their teeth on the. Streets this is where they recruit their followers. Just like the nazis in the Weimar Republic at 1st the nazis were irrelevant Fringe Movement but they were determined to become a visible force and grow. Not you know. Big infinity this its. Easy to see to guess at what. I was any less and then. Its. Easy to avoid be trading it stated mission the f. T. Has to remain a movement in other words it always has to be visible on the streets and it needs to maintain close contacts with other affiliated movements. This is. A visible force on the streets in protests is essential to radical tendencies it makes a statement here we are joining us follow us were in the fang god and ready to fight for one fears and another one come for thats what. This tactic was also deployed in the Weimar Republic the fiery rhetoric soon turned into violence street brawls became the order of the day. The radicals set out to destabilize the state and demonstrate its powerlessness 931 saw the nazis committing their 1st anti semitic attacks punching down jews on one of the berlins main shopping boulevards. September 28th cabinets open hostility on the streets attacks on journalists the hunt on people perceived as foreigners or migrants. But the racism was openly flaunted and hatred spilled into violence. This tendency towards violence isnt just an abstract ideas. Its being acted upon i think weve lost sight of the fact that weve had a militant subculture with an affinity for terrorism in the scene for a long time oh you know theyve been waiting in the wings for the right moment to put their violence into action on the streets so that. The far left shares those tendencies as was on evidence at the g 20 summit in hamburg 2 years ago they also resorted to violence but there is a crucial difference. To my good the study of the radical left is not trying to overthrow democracy but to overthrow capitalism the radical right who wants to do away with democracy and human rights this difference is also apparent in their behavior on the streets as a rule the left wing violence is directed primarily against objects and signifiers of the state even the right wing violence also targets the state but it also tends to hunt down minorities and attack people not objects of direct mention unquote of. The f. T. And their allies are still a minority but they claim to represent a silent majority. They openly express racial ideologies and notions of ethnic purity. They themselves admit that the recent arrival of refugees in germany was a boon to their movement. Because of course the great migration crisis that started in 2015 has been a kind of catalyst for patriotic or right wing ideas or whatever it is but i dont think anyone would deny that there was a moment when these opinions were able to Gain Momentum when what people were willing to say out loud really expanded all of this you can talk about things now that were more difficult a few years ago the fine young should really go on the business of the limits of what can be said openly and in a public without immediate sanction have shifted substantially in germany over the last few years and i think everyone agrees on that this is its worrying that radical slow. Including a kind of rhetorical violence are now not just limited to social media where its long been a real problem. Now its left the Digital World and gone analogue into the public sphere. The far right groups such as by gaeta and the Identity Movement are moving on to germanys streets. Have. The Identity Movement maybe a throwback but as this promotional video shows it presents itself as hip young and forward thinking like their other allies on the far right they want to draw young people into the movement the identity are skilled at attracting attention like at this 2016 protest at the Brandenburg Gate in berlin and th