Hello and welcome to in good shape my topic today is about one of the many fascinating events in our life weve all gone through and talking about birth worldwide or never it women have true point 6 babies my wife and i have 2 kids its interesting to see whether what pregnant is derived from in different cultures in slavek languages pregnant is connected with the word burden in china however being pregnant means being lucky and im lucky too because im going to meet dr nancy stair shes a midwife and she helped to deliver more than 1200 babies over the years and shes taking care of families from more than 60 different countries. Hello dr stone nice to meet here is to me you were gone in the u. S. You came to berlin 24 years ago and your midwife since 2001 i guess so how is it being a midwife is it still thrilling its absolutely in. Days and i love every day that i go to work every birth is different every woman is different its very unique every family is different and being at a birth is something that just makes my joy grow more and more the moment when a baby is born and then it really fills the room and as you can see yesterday i had an amazing birth and im still walking on clouds wow so even after all those years of still amazing absolutely i think nearly everybody of us knows how to get pregnant but when does a pregnancy start actually well pregnancy can be different for a woman than what her doctor says the doctor would say pregnancy starts when you see that their heart is beating an embryo for a woman it could be that she feels pregnant before then that she knows that shes pregnant because her body is changing some women actually only feel pregnant when they feel the baby move then they are certain that the present what actually happens in the room during pregnancy when do the Pat Schroeder his knees in terms develop in the embryonic stage lets take a look at what is hidden from our eyes changed in this is one of the smallest human cells and this is the biggest a female ovum or x. L. Just even visible to the naked eye. Male sperm cells however are tiny though they can still travel hundreds of times their own length and only a minute over a 1000000000 sperm cells can be released during a single ejaculate. Only the fastest will fertilize the egg when the sperm enters the oval they combine to form the basis for a new human being. By the time 30 hours have elapsed the fertilized egg has divided into 2 cells inside 3 days there are 16 and they keep on dividing. As soon as the odd ball shape blastocyst attaches itself to the womans uterus membrane she releases hormones which condition her body for pregnancy they ensure for instance that no more eggs ripen in the meantime. Ime. Thats why a missed period can be the 1st clear sign of pregnancy but the hormonal readjustments can also cause nausea. In the early weeks the placenta and umbilical cord form connecting the embryo with the mothers circulation and metabolism until birth its now high time to drop habits harmful to the child like Drinking Alcohol and smoking. Next the initial signs of a brain and spinal marrow appear the heart begins beating. Buds form which grow into limbs and digits the fetus gradually takes shape. The 1st 12 weeks are the most critical in a pregnancy during which 80 percent of all miscarriages take place usually because the fetus doesnt develop correctly. Growth accelerates from week 13 on the fetus takes up more space leaving less room for the mothers organs she may suffer shortness of breath or backache as a result. Survival rates for premature babies increased dramatically from the 24th week on but children born at this stage have a lot of catching up to do. The fetus still weighs less than half the average child born at full term but that changes rapidly around 4 weeks before birth the baby inverts its position in the womb to head down. The signal for birth is thought to come from the child as soon as its lungs are fully developed the combination of proteins and the mothers hormones trigger the powerful spasms of labor. Then its only a matter of hours before a brand new human being emerges into the light of its 1st new day. When women and that theyre pregnant they got a lot of advice from friends every advice holds true. So lets ask a professional about all those myths heres myth number one pregnant women have to go to this is an old wives tale ok this isnt true women should not eat for 2 during pregnancy they should think for 2 they should eat foods that are healthier but they shouldnt eat for 2 in the 1st 3 months of pregnancy they should only 100 calories more predate in the last 3 months of pregnancy only 400 more calories per day myth number 2 if the mother to be has a round belly it will be a girl if she is appointed belly it will be a boy this is true and not true a woman who is smaller she doesnt have as much space between her diaphragm and between her pelvis so her belly is going to be more here more forward more in front of her for a woman whos taller it could be that her belly looks a little bit smaller even though her baby is bigger than the belly of the woman who smaller myth number 3 in some cultures people believe that the baby is dirty after birth you see any truth about this this is absolutely and the babies are not dirty when theyre born theyre born out of a sterile environment its very important after birth that babies are in the 1st 24 hours we know that from the World Health Organization many mothers dont pay their babies for the 1st few days after birth the way that a baby smells is very important to give the woman cues for Breast Feeding and for bonding with her baby especially in the 1st 2 hours after birth its very important that the baby is together with the mother lange skin to skin and have the opportunity to breastfeed myth number 4 in some cultures people want the 1st child to be a boy and some belief that. Women are responsible for the child 6 the woman is absolutely not responsible if its going to be a boy or if its going to be a girl ive heard from some families ive taken care of here in berlin the women believe that if they pray hard enough or if they do some kind of purification ritual before they get pregnant that they can have a boy because thats what their family hopes for them to have but this isnt true its actually the man who is the deciding factor the sperm either has an x. Chromosome or y. Chromosome. Do you know which organ is usually this size. The uterus the uterus is a place where the embryo and later the fetus develops on for birth during this time this organise like a busy mom working 247 and it has real superpowers. Its pretty remarkable how much can happen in 9 months in a womans belly and embryo grows to the size of a baby and its home grows along with it the uterus before pregnancy the uterus is smaller than a pair and weighs around 60 grams but it already clearly is a major role in conception in the neck of the uterus or cervix glands produce whats called cervical mucus. During our fuel ation the mucus projects sperm cells and guides them to the age at the same time the hormones progesterone and estrogen cause the mucous membrane of the uterus or endometrium to become more viscous so that a fertilized egg can implant there. During the following 12 weeks the placenta develops an independent organ that ensures the developing childs needs are supplied via the umbilical cord and that waste is removed. In its Little Chamber the fetus has its own survival system as soon as a fertilized egg is attached to the end dimitri of the uterus begins to grow and grow and grow. Hormones like estrogen steer this growth to ensure the baby has enough space. By the end of a pregnancy the uterus is almost the size of 2 soccer balls 20 times larger than before pregnancy. The uterus is active to the very end during labor its muscles contract with the flick to force the b. B. L. Through the vagina which malfunctions as the birth canal. After birth the uterus begins shrinking again by about one centimeter a day blissful relaxation after 9 months of hard labor. The pregnancy is a very exciting time but sometimes a difficult time as well so i think what a woman can do to feel accommodated absolutely women are very tired in the beginning of pregnancy and also get it and they should definitely get the rest that they need and this might mean taking a nap in the afternoon or going to bed early. And what can the pardon and the family do while the partner Family Friends they should know that womens emotions are a little bit more than they are when the woman is not pregnant so maybe if shes angry angry or if she said shell sing sad or she can also be more joyful than she is that other times its really important that these people who are close to the woman that they dont take her emotions personally and think that theyve done something wrong and i think any professional tips concerning the right nutrition. For sure its really important that women get enough to drink during pregnancy and that they especially dont drink drinks that have a lot of sugar in them cocacola its not good to drink during pregnancy for example its better to drink water or to drink teas that dont have any sweetener in them and any absolute strict no gross in pregnancy that also is problematic for women who smoke for example the baby can be a little bit smaller its not healthy for a woman smoking she also shouldnt take drugs and she shouldnt drink alcohol. I have a great idea why dont you write to me about Health Issues and your ideas to share. In good shape for your weekly health. Covers many aspects of health care could look at whats new in medical treatment nutrition and fitness and. We discuss these topics in depth with specialists and give you the chance to pose your own questions so do get in touch. We just talked a lot about pregnancy lets focus a bit on the births so how can women prepare for this because. I think its really important that women. Read and listen to positive stories about birth there are many many more positive stories about good birth than there are these terrible stories so women should definitely stay away from these terrible stories that they might hear during pregnancy and look for books and maybe even look for friends who had good birth experiences and what should they actually expect most women have some fear when they go into labor they have those 1st contractions and then theyre not sure whats going to happen i always tell women to bring that fear with them they should discuss that fear for sure with their midwife or their doctor whoevers taking care of them at birth in addition to that they should expect joy and they should always remember between contractions they giving birth is actually something quite wonderful quite miraculous and that in the end when they have that baby in their arms thats a very joyful experience so very experienced professionals so do you have some special tips for. Absolutely i think its so important that women actually get to know their baby during pregnancy and when i say that i dont mean that they get to know their baby by looking at an alter sound picture or image they should get to know the actual baby that theyre going to give birth to the baby thats going to be their child so during pregnancy they should take some time every day in the morning in the evening doesnt matter where they are in the park they can do this at work or at home put their hands on their belly close their eyes breathe deeply and just feel their baby feel how their baby is moving this is how they can get to know their baby and this is how they can best prepare themselves for for pregnancy and then for birth and for motherhood. About 175000000. 00 babies born every single year and most of them come of age nearly every 3rd baby is born values c. Section called superior in section in brazil its every 2nd baby c. Sections a very important from a medical standpoint but if you dont meet them medically you. Should think twice about having them because after all it is a procedure it is dangerous not only for the mother but the for the child. A baby is about to be born via c. Section the mothers abdomen is cleaned with an antiseptic and a surgical drape is put in place. Through the surgery to make sure the regional anesthetic is working the mother is why do wake but she doesnt feel any pain. Ive read that its not all snipped and wear off the surgeon makes the incision and a baby girl is for. You or i leave a little would not. Be roses and you can see. Its a quick and relatively stress free birth for the child but one with potential long term consequences to health. In. Recent studies have been investigating the longer term effects of mrs arean bath pediatrician dominic singer is familiar with the research. This is taught firstly we now know that babies delivered by c. Section end up with very different intestinal bacteria compared to children who are delivered by vaginal birth. Spoke in the not enough one. That comes as no surprise to gynecologist cortege he says that when a baby passes through the birth canal its bathed in the mothers microbes than. When babies are born in a vaginal delivery they come into contact with the mothers natural micro biome thats the normal course of things so their immune systems are activated in a different way if it and we go. Compared to a says area of a gentle birth is more stressful for the baby but that stress is also useful because stress hormones help the new born adjust to life outside the womb. They help clear the palm unary alveoli the little air sacs in the lungs of amniotic fluid so the newborn can breathe. The stress of labor is also believed to help the liver unlock its Energy Reserves which the newborn can draw on when the umbilical cord is cut. Then there are the microbes the baby encounters in the birth canal which help colonise the babys gastro intestinal tract. Just contact this 1st contact with bacteria allows a particular micro biome to develop in the newborns gosh. So newborns have a characteristic got micro biome of. Babies born by says area and arent exposed to the birth canal so they end up with a different micro biome. The most feared of. In one study researchers analyzed stool samples of nearly 600 new bones they found that babies born by c. Section tended to lack certain strains of healthy gut bacteria including back to roid. The guts of c section babies were dominated by opportunistic bacteria such as enter a caucus and throwback to and klebsiella which circulate in hospitals. But the study didnt look at whether these differences affect the childs long term health. But i would think short advice is what we do suspect is a link between this is very in birth and what we call diseases of civilization as we call does specifically includes diseases linked to gut micro biota like intestinal diseases long diseases and certain conditions. Studies have found links to chronic bronchitis a. D. H. D. And obesity in the 1st 8 years of a childs life and to respond or treat diseases its possible other factors explain the slightly increased risk so more Research Needs to be done. Via the dom floor. And we do believe that god micro biota are important for the development of our immune system. Because we are spiritual illnesses and asked have to do with the immune system with them its possible that theres a causal link if the. This here. Because our liberty or. A handful of clinics have experimented with what is called seeding trying to give newborns born by c. Section some bacteria from the mother to recreate what would normally happen in the birth canal. But so far no studies have supported this practice. What is clear is that Breast Feeding is good for gut might create biotech. Breast milk promotes exactly the kind of bacteria that belong in the infants in testing. Talked to the close contact between mother and child helps transfer of the micro biome during nursing breastmilk is not sterile but also transfer of some of the mothers micro biota. Says ariens can be necessary and even life saving the w. H. O. Says thats true for between 10 and 15 percent of births worldwide today though c. Section rates are far higher than that in many countries. To breastfeed or not to breastfeed thats always the question many women love to breastfeed others dont perhaps because they can from a medical standpoint but one thing was clear breastfeeding is great for the baby and the milk comes prepackaged. And well temperature. 5 months ago nina gave birth to her 2nd baby she has experience with Breast Feeding and everythings going well with henry but with her 1st son james who is now 3 years old it was difficult. Started pretty soon after the birth of the 1st or 2nd night in hospital they kept weighing him they told me he wasnt putting on enough weight and they needed to keep an eye on that. I was already breastfeeding pretty much round the clock. Still exhausted from the birth she quickly felt overwhelmed. By things for tennis and stressful and when james started losing weight they said theyd give him extra food and thats when we started to wonder what to do and whether breastfeeding would still work up to some im still. Mean i was determined to breastfeed and was disappointed by the advice to give her baby a bottle still she agreed to do it but then she started. The worry that her son wouldnt want to be breastfed at all anymore. Covered up the tension of methods i see you notice that james wasnt drinking as well anymore it happened fast and i thought if i want to keep breastfeeding then we need to ensure that things change. And that. Worldwide less than half of all infants under 6 months of breastfed exclusively which is what the World Health Organization recommends. Thats because it reduces the risk of sudden infant death syndrome diarrhea ear infections overweight and type 2 diabetes. And for the mother breastfeeding reduces the risk of variant breast and endometrial cancer and cardiovascular disease. At this clinic a mother gave birth to twins 9 weeks prematurely one of the babies are still in intensive care its especially important that this little guy is breast fed. When the pediatrician asks the mother how things are going and whether shes getting enough help at the clinic yasuo she says she is but that the staff tend to be pretty busy. The amount of support that mothers get is just one factor that determines to want extent breastfeeding is encouraged in any given country compared internationally germany is only mediocre on that score your mom is able to it was pretty. Very good maternity protection for working mothers better than many other european countries. But there are several areas where we could improve a lot and helping with breastfeeding is one of them and its reasonable to go to the hospitals and an encouraging more social acceptance is for which are much more. In the oven to touch and still difficult for women to breastfeed in public it should be a matter of course that mothers can breastfeed in a cafe or subway. Without getting strange looks or just that. When women give birth primitive early breast milk is often not sufficient during the 1st few days of the babys life. So its important to have dona