D 2 you know that 77 percent. Are younger than 6 of. Thats me and me and you. And you know what time all voices are. On the 77 percent. This is where. The 77 percent this weekend on d w. Fear anxiety and loneliness and then corona came along. Added isolation for those with dementia is damaging. So is forgetting to follow the new rules. To avoid getting or transmitting the virus. Its also a challenge and danger for can give is. Theres more evidence showing a person with dementia in a care home is actually at higher risk of catching covert 19 the risk of severe symptoms rises steeply with age one in 10 deaths have been people over 60. So how do you go about isolating someone who for whom isolation is the worst thing possible and explain to them what the coronavirus is and how to respond when they keep forgetting well talk to a dimension nurse about that in a moment 1st this report on how our families coping with the same situation in india. Quarantine has been fun for the sooty. She has spend playing games attending online toughest and coloring with her 9 year old granddaughter should be. And these activities have taken on an added bocas in managing perhaps these are as i am was living with the disease for 9 years has led to memory loss and limited her speech but engaging with her granddaughter serves as crucial just had it be. Should be has drawn up understanding her grandmother is different. When she was younger she was at times frustrated that she was the one looking after. Instead of the other way around. Now she talks excitedly about the fun games she dreams up for her grandmother making lemonade together giving her a spa expedience her mother proudly calls her these primary caregiver giving little commands and on demand. I still hear from real grandma. So thats a little pretty good i think she is fighting the disease and she is trying to get hold of us that. Doctor will change kind of thing was during this down. But probably have it be surrounded by loving family has been one of the more fortunate patients. Centers like this one called hope you were instrumental in providing patient care before the pandemic dr seuss socialization helps immensely in managing the disease. But now things look Different Group sessions are no longer held and all the caregivers wear protective gear and maintain social distance the change was confusing and isolating for residential patients. To the caregivers sitting next to bear him having you know giving them gum or. They were both legs were business. And they were all really calling them come here come here more literate surgeons adjust to their new circumstances the end is also helping patients at home they have a schedule and activity kits with cognitive exercises which did then help the patient stack through video. Keeping patients in gauge helps of what episodes of violence which can be aggravated by isolation. And become very aggressive in turn out for 3 to 3 months who are in the north or good of known they were not even taken out into the park or even are playing and that and theyre becoming very aggressive mark after pulling this routine that we gave them theres a lot of different. Dissolute these have managed to keep any such episodes in check should be misses her friends at school but is enjoying the praise and affection she gets for looking after her grandmother. She certain the quietly enjoys it too. She works with the family. How do you isolate suffers without. Its actually incredibly difficult to today read it because it calls the person with dementia might not understand what youre asking them to the rationale behind. Or even understand the language that youre using some of the states life that we get to people is to think about how you explain the virus and explain more whats going on and you know rather than using less like one time a coworker it really makes sense hes saying im simple i was talking about things like flu like illness and trying to make it really straightforward people that. They understand that theres something out there thats tom fall in love does the risk it to them and they need to stay isolated a. Little but and then one of the other things i think it was really important when youre supposed to from a to mention is to think about engaging them in meaningful action. Because then you can kind of destruction in a way from some of the way. When i was when i took my meaning for that said it is i mean that is meaningful for the person themselves. Maybe music that they like a food that they are equal to the table past hoping they may have hope to comes in the past so you know you can talk about the reason we have today what you have today and i have to isolate because there is this. Disease thats harmful to us but then try to create a safe place with a cousin to engage in something that was meaningful and the right higher or lower in the capsule to were of a neighboring what difference can relatives make by getting involved. Relatives will make a huge difference from the majority of people to mention will be living in their own higher so theyll be cared for predominantly by the other and certainly in the. Does result because as you know weve seen with the chin in the concession kind of the bull in the visits that might happen because of course a quick 2nd i got of themself with the question of has replaced the family to how they were in some cases take off much most of the dykes by carrying them then they may have. A lead less about the dozen in pots and call relatives. In a room i kind of think by sheer living in your house is somebody with dementia you might kind of decide to make how they bearable or possible or you dont get treated i was kind of different parts of the reading. You know im educated like to watch a film living with the right here in the kitchen dispersals a table take a walk in the garden you know seek undesigned Different Things and almost timetable Different Things. Throughout the day a 2nd person structure in place. What about when it comes to cast senses because some of them have been coronavirus incubators. Of. Suddenly and in the u. K. Alone they kind of they kind of centers and surfaces of them before they buy clothes play baseball and. Something that hasnt happened in people having been a risk because theyve not gone to these places but theres theres always a risk with that because its kind of a balance isnt a relation if you close the sun to prevent people from getting contaminated in whichever you know picking a fire says but actually if i knew you faced an increased risk to people especially isolated. Stimulation that they need to carry the families have got to break that they might desperately need to. Build them. Kind of stuck a canary going through what they need there is a risk with the kind of. Yes theres a risk people might go and catch but theres a massive risk. If they dont get. Very very they fail to be declining in their abilities. On time. Every time it will well have to leave it there sorry were running out of time it was protest of having you on the show thank you very much thank you for. And time to look at your questions about the corona virus he is our science guy there. Are more confused than ever is the virus listen diddly than we once thought but more contagious. These are actually 2 separate questions on going to split them up on whether source code 2 is less deadly than we once thought id say yes remembering back to the early days of the outbreak i recall estimates saying covert 19 might kill up to 5 percent of the people who contract it dead or even more since then Testing Programs of roundup and were detecting many more asymptomatic or mild cases and weve also gotten a lot better at treating people who develop severe forms of the disease so although of course the overall death toll continues to rise as huge numbers of people are now infected every day and the percentage of those infections that end in death is actually much smaller than we once thought most experts now believe that if a 1000 people catch covert 19 it will kill somewhere between 5. 10 of them which is still pretty deadly much more so than think currently circulating strains of flu. Second question is it more or less contagious than we once thought well contagiousness unfortunately cant be pinned down with any real accuracy because it isnt a fixed quantity its affected by by a range of factors not just involving what the virus does in our bodies but also what we do to try to prevent the virus from getting into our bodies and factors like social distancing or Wearing Masks rising herd immunity also affects the metrics we use to judge things like this but but in most places that still far from making much of a difference the most you can really say i think is that when trying to compare sars whove to use transmissibility at the start of the pandemic what weve learned over time it might look like it goes up or down but exactly how much those changes are due to the viruses innate contagiousness and how much is due to other factors like Pandemic Response nobody i read could provide that answer. And a quick look at his data from over 200 countries shows new cases have doubled in 23 nations and increased in another 80 countries theyve stayed at the same level in 9 countries 72 nations have seen their new positive cope 1000 cases fall some washing another 17 harping and 8 countries have reported no new cases for 4 weeks in a row heres the graph stacked up against the statistics of the last weeks the battle is won when that whole chart is blue is the way to go. And ill see you next week on our coverage special. While. The cities around the world are facing. Unprecedented challenges Climate Change is making the heat islands even hotter and more and more animals are moving and its getting wild and. The knowledge to love and planners are thinking up solutions tomorrow today. Next on t. W. What does mean after 3 decades of a unified germany. The 5 are to. Answer to this question. Was told to. Me 30 minutes on d w. This is some the story of a stubborn rice farmer from thailand. His problem pests. His credo no chemicals. And his tremor was going to step. Out. And send it worse for. The students who are in the past dont stand a chance. Training successful. Such that it. Starts october 15th g. W. Blue planet is becoming increasingly dominated by concrete over half the global population now lives in cities and the number is rising. Not only are millions of people moving into urban areas wild animals are to entire populations of them. Living areas are covered in cement bricks and asphalt which in harms way that turns them into hotspots literally. Take a look at the rising temperatures in. Well citys welcome to tomorrow today the science show on t. W. The Northern Hemisphere 2nd hottest summer since records began is just coming to an end. In the last 140 years theres only been one summer hotter than this 12016 thats here august was particularly roasting the fall of hottest some is all in the last 5 years Climate Change is catching up with us its particularly evident in cities because they become heat islands. Urban heating is the name given to the socalled heat island effect temperatures and towns and cities rise more sharply than in the surrounding areas because of the density of streets and buildings and the many people cars and trains all of which produce heat. Spread over the year the mean air temperature in in the urban areas is around 1. 00 to 3. 00 degrees celsius warmer than areas outside of them on large spaces within them. On top of this town and city centers often cool down far less at night because the building density doesnt allow cool air to move around the city. On hot Summer Nights without a breeze the temperature difference between a city and its surroundings can be more than 10 degrees celsius. Whats needed is cool air from the surrounding area but what happens when a current of air meets an obstacle thats what under your sweeping this researching with the help of water light shining on tiny white particles suspended in the water reveals currents in the tank. Here the current flows unhindered but then it hits a building. You can see there in front of it that theres turbulence and the current flows over the top of the building and if theres more turbulence behind it this is what happens when an air current is confronted with a building this is just one building but in a city there are lots of them and that means all kinds of air currents. Through. Cold air flow over a building or around it and what happens if there are obstacles in its path rubin eliminates these issues too. If a building faces the wind its width and height are the key factors in blocking the flow of air. The bigger it is the more the current is blocked. If i add another obstacle behind the 1st one that creates an area between them that is poorly ventilated. The wind if it only comes from the front goes over the top of both buildings. The area between them remains poorly ventilated. But you can reduce this effect if you place the building with its narrow side facing the wind. That reduces the surface area the wind hits and allows it to flow past the building. Urban planners need to pay close attention to the orientation of buildings relative to prevailing winds here for example they block cool air coming off the high ground into the valley but if theyre turned 90 degrees the wind passes between them and everything gets nicely ventilated. High rise buildings can also do their part in ventilating a city. I was. Told if i place a Tall Building behind a short one. The wind it goes over the top of the short one and blows down into the street in front of the tall one also in swirls around. The home and i mean you can influence the exchange of air in a city quite well depending on where the buildings stand relative to each other or the. If the Tall Building is right in front of the short one that blocks the breeze and prevents if the just inches great enough the current also reaches the short golding. Big gaps between city buildings are red this proximity makes them he said and some cities like chennai and mumbai in india can reach. 50 degrees celsius. Lagos in nigeria is also one of the worlds fattest cities. And is met in saudi arabia. And hes saying is happening across the globe even in cooler places like the german capital including. Jerk forms is an urban climate expert searching for effective ways to reduce City Temperatures this detailed model of berlin is going to help him. In hot weather the german capital is an urban heat island thermal imaging shows how populated urban areas function like hot plates they can be up to 8 degrees warmer than outlying areas. The researcher is using this mini world to find a solution. Inside this model of a city apartment and ice cube will demonstrate how much heat gets through. The test houses made of regular Building Materials. We want to see what happens when the sun shines on a brick building the building warms up and what happens if we use other materials insulate the facade of we put a tree in front of it. Using time lapse imaging we can see how people fare in this kind of building it only takes half. An hour for the house to really heat up very soon they would be practically melting in the heat and no wonder its over 30 degrees. Buildings as weve reproduced them here in the model absolve the heat energy of the sun very well and stoled its energy very well. This is due to the effect with the color of a Building Material that dictates how much radiation from the sun is reflected by its surfaces. In the case of blank slate for example the l. B. Dont value is 0 point one that means just 10 percent of the rays from the surface are reflected. With red roof tiles the value is between 0 point one and 0. 35 and with white facades like the ones common in greece the beat overall you is between 0. 5 in 0. 9 the lower the value of their for solids or roofs the 100 the buildings in the city will be. Now the experts simple countermeasures 1st external thermal insulation panels. If we want to see what effect this has on the building ultimately insulating the facade not only ensures that heat stays in the it also keeps heat out of the apartment. Next comes a coat of light colored paint this reflects the sunlight and so keeps the heat out. Brightly painted insulated the house then gets a layer of greenery on its roof before being bathed in another half hour of 1000 watt sunshine a couple of shade providing trees round off the protective measures. Behold this time our hypothermic resident. Its still on his feet no wonder with an interior temperature of almost 23. 00 degrees. Since now about 23. 00 degrees in the apartment and compared to the temperature of around 30 degrees at the start of our experiment thats a big drop in the world. Which all goes to show that paint can play an Important Role in easing the citys heat problem. As can green spaces in a city. And they dont only offer a fresh mint. Its a paradox while the habitat of wild animals shrinks thanks to expanding cities some creatures are fleeing to urban areas and finding refuge in them. Even develop into unique groups of city too willing animals. Urban foxes live among us but make only occasional fleeting appearances there are a growing presence in cities and have proven to be highly adaptable. Evolutionary biologist sophia q make researchers bermans fox population for wild animals the city is a challenging habitat. Among my bidding you have to bear in mind what sort of a habitat the city is its such an artificial environment miss so much man made him put the foxes have to withstand the light and noise traffic i find that fascinating to me to me and. Keep me has been gathering data on urban foxes for the last 5 years shes equipped 17 of them with a transmitter that allows her to track their movements shes also set up cameras near fox holes in order to monitor the activities of their inhabitants. And women must also at the moment im trying to find out if theyre actually hit. I know theyre in the area but its a wide area there are lots of folks then and id like to know which one theyre actually using on the moment but lets not. Kill it is writing a doctoral thesis at the lab which institute for zoo and Wildlife Research on the behavioral ecology of red foxes in urban environments. She cited specimens in parks and even in berlins government district. Yet none of the strong smell indicates fox is off in some market. There goes a rabbit. As we can see there are rich pickings for foxes. And hes also. One of the fox so sophia kimock has located is beneath containers at the edge of a park the foxes keep a low profile during the day but they did leave traces of the leg and if you look closely you can see a footprint up there to you. Urban fox is live in close proximity to the human population how come given that theyre naturally shy animals. Well they found a habitat in the city where no one is preying upon them as is the case in the countryside whether many food sources for omnivores. Folks is a highly opportunistic and the anything they find although theyre especially good at hunting mice and other brightons they can also live off rotting fruit. And all sorts of things really. Theres no shortage of trash in the city its one big but fay as far as the foxes are concerned. Berlin is believed to be home to between 5010000 foxes fox cubs born in the city i dont think just by the hustle and bustle of the big city. Foxes are becoming ever less timid. Sylvia commits research has revealed that berlin has its own indigenous population and the animals are in fact genetically different from their country cousins. They stuck kinds of. The city limits seemed to mark a barrier between fox population was still leave them between the city and the countryside but its massively reduced. The forces that live in the city you dont want to leave it to you and foxes that live in the countryside dont want to venture into the city. Because theyre afraid theyre not used to being close to humans in your defense and. Her research has also shown that urban foxes mark out their territory and like to stay in it with some exceptions. Been to reach maturity in autumn and start to migrate to New Territory so they make their way through the city and you think they would choose to travel through the parks green spaces its in fact they tend to travel along the motorways to get from one place to the next. Fox is obviously appreciate the benefits of urban infrastructure theyre becoming increasingly bold urban foxes often even approach humans. To the consternation of many foxes are thought to carry disease although in fact rabies was a radical beat in germany in 2008 and. Which is highly dangerous is rare. To. Have been having an issue in the western but theres no fox and its rare across germany and the risk of getting infected is very very not a fix and if you dont come into direct contact with foxes then youre not at risk and in general you just stick to hygiene rules after working in the garden or if youve been digging in the soil i bet you didnt even they add up. Anywhere where fox is my clerk where theres fallen fruit vegetables or berries its important to keep washing your hands and if you do encounter a fox keep your distance. Most berliners dont mind living in close proximity to foxes info. That they like them sophia kimock will be completing her ph d. Thesis this year her research on urban fox populations has been exhaustive shes grown fond of her bushy tailed research subjects. Thats why to folks anywhere else is where the 2nd folks are equipped with. The vix and a tough cookie who read how young here every year. I dont get any data from her anymore but i still come by to see if shes still here to check up on her go here a few urban foxes live to a ripe old age in this city even vehicles are their greatest enemy yet the growing presence of foxes shows that the opportunities of secure life clearly outweigh the threats. And yet cities continue to sprout up at an alarming rate easing ever more into surrounding areas humans and their beloved concretes are taking over like here in china. And here in cutter. As a consequence animals and humans are getting closer even sharing diseases of this region from india had a question about that. What is it were not take diseases they are diseases caused by pathogens carried by nonhuman animals that spread to people. Out of every 10 Infectious Diseases are believed to be 0 and are sick. The pathogens can be viruses bacteria parasites all funky many of the diseases they cause in people a mild but some a serious and even deadly. The bubonic plague tuberculosis malaria and ebola as do an artic diseases that have killed countless millions of people. And. It was also cats and dogs and many other species carry pathogens that can make people sick but i. And they dont make the animals that host them sick transmission can occur via a bite also eating the flesh of a carrier or contact with its blood or feces. Zylon are sick diseases can spread fast and far if the pathogens adapted to be transmitted from person to person thats the case with the Novel Coronavirus. One hypothesis is that hangal ends with the intermediaries that transported the Novel Coronavirus from its natural hosts back to humans. What markets where life wild animals of cells are considered a potential site of transmission of zoo in arctic disease pathogens some have been closed for that reason. Infectious diseases from animals are a growing problem the problem has to do with humans encroaching on animal habitats forests are cleared for timber or to make space for farms or towns humans and animals species are no longer far apart this Office Opportunities for the pathogens to make the leap. There are more than 200. 00 known zoonotic diseases the wreck countless germs out there to which humans have no immunity and new devastating disease is lurking to prevent the making the jump to humans we need to protect wild animals and their habitats. You know to diseases can result from intensive livestock farming the earth the great animals are more susceptible to disease and so theyre given blanket antibiotics this can lead to resistant bacteria which can then be transmitted to people. Intensive farming also causes other problems its rations genetic diversity by repressing older groups of farm animals. Meet turk pull your pigs. Styria and chickens and the ancient british white. People have been breeding in domesticating animals for at least 11000 years. Nowadays 180 breeds of farm animals are endangered in europe alone among them the german saddle back. At the head open air museum is working to preserve the rare breed with its distinctive features for one thing its meat tastes very different from that of pigs raised on a factory farm. And we have. In the autumn when the acorns fall to the ground the saddleback see lots and lots of them are so their meat has this wonderful acorn flavor its something you dont often find nowadays we also make sausage out of the meat and its very special those. Pigs have been bred mainly for their meat. The german saddleback has a generous layer of fat which nearly smelled its due. Tastes changed in the 1960 s. And demand for fatty meat declined. The Food Industry responded by getting it scientists to breed futuristic new pigs with more meat chops all the same size and crucially a lot less fat. The breeders did not care much about the health or well being of the animals these newfangled swine were too big and heavy for their legs and hearts specimens were put on treadmills so the strongest could be identified and allowed to have offspring. These pigs were longer and had 2 more ribs than most and lots of lean flesh. But modern pigs are susceptible to stress for example when being transported to slaughter but efforts are underway to. Breed a variety that takes even that in its stride. Old breeds are more robust and on the whole healthier and that probably has to do with their genetic make up. There are collections of genetic material from old breeds of farm animals. They are very important for research and for breeding purposes. One aim is to combine genes from different breeds in order to reduce this is sept ability to certain diseases. But its far from certain that epidemics of say swine fever could be prevented this way. German bred mountain cattle are long lived and undemanding. They can have without complaining or complications for the most part. In the olden days there were no vets just down the road so everything had to just function properly and thats the case here even though its cold when they have their tops in fabry humans rarely have to get involved thats a great advantage to very healthy. The ancient celts are believed to have bred these red brown cattle 2000 or more years ago the cattle provide milk and meat and can be harnessed to plough the fields this breed is endangered outdone by modern turbo cows. Breeders have been adapting cows to the requirements of industrial farming. New breeds have been designed on the drawing board. The cows udder was bred to fit the shape of a milking machine milk production increased the bodys use of feed was optimized. Red mountain cattle were regarded as extinct in the 1970 s. But thanks to a coincidence it has survived the studs seen it was discovered at a breeding facility. As he was known sire to a new generation and in doing so saved the breen from extinction. The cattles characteristics could be useful in the future. And youre one of these men even if theyre no longer used in production their genetic material is needed for further breeding and we cant know today exactly what kind of breeding requirements will have a century from now. As in. The change of scene the roman mountains of central germany are home to the ruined sheep its positive characteristics were also nearly forgotten. Once demand for its ruined sheep pelts dried up its numbers dropped from hundreds of thousands to just a few 100 creatures the sheep scratchy wool became unmarketable. Modern sheep were needed to provide more meat more milk and above all softer wool. None of this applies to the ruined sheep but still its being rediscovered for landscaping purposes modern sheep brains often suffer from book disorders but not the ruin their trousers are especially tough. Thanks to this hardness they have no problem grazing year round and since sheep are picky eaters they help maintain sensitive ecosystems. This is silver thistle an emblem of the run their only chance of survival depends on the grazing strategy used and the sheep are best suited to the purpose of the sheep choose what they like and they leave the rest alone that means just biodiversity already exists i mean actually want more of this dismissed my. Old farm animals they are still useful for Landscape Maintenance for their ease of care for their taste and for their genetic diversity. If outlet is right why ave latin even. Do you have a science question youd like us to unset send it in if we featured on this show you didnt didnt surprise as a thank you. But. Come on just ask a a good. One here most stories about science then visit our website and check us out on twitter. The book thats all from us at tomorrow today thanks for joining us. Were back next week to talk then stay healthy im curious. What does it mean after 3 decades of a unified germany. In the face of the 5 hard. To squash. The bottom of. The bottle. Coming up on t. W. How have 2 sides of home together in the years following german unification. In pop culture. Music. And last but not least. 30 years of german acacia from the perspective. Of 30 minutes on d w. In the army of Climate Change. The face of. What ideas do they have of their future. D. W. Dot com africa make a serious film making it. Clear to. Every 2 seconds a person is forced to flee their home nearly 71000000 people have been forcibly displaced. The consequences have been disastrous our documentary series displaced depicts traumatic humanitarian crises around the world you know. What a good thing when i didnt go to university to kill people that i dont want to have my boss come to me and tell me to kill someone having in many and if i dont theyll kill me. People feel for their lives and their future so they seek refuge abroad its about the worrying about scares me the most about his steadiness seems to rise is this. Someday we wont even see the roofs. But what will become of those who stay behind and say my husband went to peru because of the crisis. If he hadnt gone there we would have died of hunger. That sent down. Just missed starts october 16th dont you. This is day doubly news and these are our top stories u. S. President donald trump has arrived at a Military Hospital after testing positive for covert montane the marine one helicopter brought him to the Walter Reed Medical Center where hes expected to remain for several Days White House officials said he has been suffering mild symptoms
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