Doing less testing so we need fewer people so its cheaper and saw from our order of magnitude its maybe a bit more than 100. 00 but if you want to buy the satellite it will be a roughly a 1000000 and if you want to bury yourself right it will be way more than. One web and also google space x. And amazon plan to offer their Internet Services everywhere on earth in the process getting 4000000000 people on line. London based one web has an official license from the countrys airspace or storage and sees itself on a mission to bridge the digital divide. The companys current and potential future play on tile includes banks and lines shipping Companies IndustryDisaster Relief agencies and the military. And consumers will initially be able to book the service fire local Telecom Providers and as already seen in the mobile phone sector the price will be lower in africa than in germany for example. Mike lins a previously worked in Systems Engineering for nasa and is part of the design team for the one web satellite constellation the company was the 1st among the competing consorts here to receive approval from the International Telecommunications union a United Nations agency. And that license is absolutely mandatory for providing the service the one word system uses radio frequency spectrum in order to send information. To customers to provide this Broadband Internet connectivity you need spectrum thats a span of radio wave flags in order to transmit information at high to reduce the. Spectrum what you have the more data that you can provide and because you are used to these these broadband speeds of being able to stream video and send information very quickly back and forth we need a lot of spectrum in order to provide that service to so many people. Designing a constellation of satellites in Constant Contact with each other and the earth is a complex undertaking. It involves a number of technical process is to function at the same time processes that have no precedence. The brain of the constellation the Ground NetworkOperations Center is in london its headed by alan here it. Moves possible for looking after a crown that work so were going to call functions 1st of all we provide Situational Awareness so we look for anomalies in the ground that work out where they occur we work to resolve them scripts. And secondly we do what we call a resource part and Resource Plan is really the cranes of how the system works which brings together the ground that work on turners spacecraft and the pay out of natural user you chase the ground stations run automatically and the fitted with 30 antennae each maintaining contact with 30 satellites. Direct current lead just to fully functional stations one in spits bag norway and the other on sicily to complete Global Coverage distributed across the planet you would need just 45. 00 ground stations. To connect. Very quickly as you say were going to be scaling up come q to next year were going to be out in 3 ground stations every month since a huge ramp october. Doing today today is all about testing and integration next year is all going to be about drinking you know which cross station since. The ground stations always seek the best possible connection to the satellite thats closest to the user and can provide the best possible bandwidth. The relevant signal shifts from one satellite to another with the user remaining placed fully unaware. The one Web Consortium is currently ahead of rivals google space x. And amazon and by the end of 2021 it hopes to have a constellation numbering 650. 00 satellites going to either way the earths orbit is set to get a lot of traffic in the near future how will the engineers ensure that there are no collisions so something were doing at one where is is actually enhancing our safety by separating each plane in the consolation so there are multiple planes of multiple satellites each and if theyre all at the same altitude you have the sort of crossing point where salaries are zipping past each other a very high velocities so what we do is we separate those crossing points so the salaries are actually not zipping past one another when that means us were actually in some regards we only have to manage a single plane at a time and you can apply that same principle to other Cost Solutions so we are maintaining. Many kilometers of separation between space x. Space x. Is separate from. The amazon constellation and thats a very important safety detail to make sure that operators are not trying to launch an operate hundreds of thousands of satellites within the same amount of space. Satellite constellations are not the only inhabitants of. The serious traffic in immediate now into space in addition to count. Disused satellites there is spent. Fragments of exploded space craft and other space debris circling the planet the result is a growing. Now comprising 20000 objects with a diameter of 10 centimeters more joined 5700000 smaller objects at least one centimeter in some ways and the speed at which they move makes them extremely dangerous. So if there is a question space it can be catastrophic objects in earths orbit are typically traveling around 25000 Kilometers Per Hour and even a small object say 10 centimeters can carry enough energy to fragment a large satellite into thousands of pieces and so if such an event occurs. Now you go from one cell in one piece of debris to thousands of pieces of debris and uses those pieces of debris might carry enough energy to again fragment a different satellite and so you know theres a sphere of a sort of Chain Reaction or one collision creates debris that debris strikes another satellite creating even more debris. And there is still no rules on the behavior of satellite constellations whether traffic related or on safety or ethics the only stipulation is a ban on stationing weapons in earths orbit and that the satellites have to be safely d. Orbited after 25 years. One webb has decided to let its satellites expire in the atmosphere after an operational life of just 5 years. The major space going nations are working on sophisticated nearest Radar Systems to prevent satellite collisions geminis Aerospace Center the d. L. R. Is using a Missile Defense system from the German Military in conjunction with the famous found wolf shaft research group. Radar facility outside bone in western germany is the only one in europe that could track and depict of jets in 4 bit up to 2 centimeters in diameter minor well met since his colleagues have been conducting precise measurements on space debris in order to prevent the need for a vase of action by active satellites. The man im kicked out if you have an object that you want especially interested in because it is threatening to combine it with your own satellites then you can use the system to remember its orbit. And obtain more precise data as you can this physical berserks that gives you a better Risk Assessment of whether a collision is actually imminent on whether such a collision can be ruled out that. There are several collisions every day is a sieve maneuvers there are only needed 2 or 3 times a year. But the scientists models project a collision in orbits triggered by space debris every 5 to 10 years just how crucial this surveillance is became clear in Early September 2900 when a satellite in the space x. Starling constellation was approaching a Weather Satellites belonging to the europeans base agency. Yes a tried and failed to persuade space x. To take evasive action but with no response from the American Company the agency had to force its 400000000 euro Weather Satellite into a Collision Avoidance maneuver where the space x. Was unwilling to take action or incapable due to a lack of control over the satellites remains unclear so long for value of the systems work really well and have a very high level of reliability operating the satellite constellations theres no problem but once we get into an area right in the range of 10 to 20 percent things start to get really critical then these constellations can become a problem within themselves and between each other and that can lead to a cascade effect where more and more space debris is created. The cutback radar facility near bowen is among the leading lights in space surveillance. Material radar has a limited range of sight it has to be told approximately where an object is in the sky in order to conduct precise measurements. Of the ts our facility is immense compared to the german experimental. Space available and tracking radar. A new Elektra Nicky controlled radar system that observes the near zone of space within milliseconds based on Semiconductor Technology the radar will be the 1st in germany to track active satellites and space debris 247 also creating an orbit state to catalog that helps to prevent collisions. Down is in charge of gemini space Situational Awareness and which will Work Together with Data Collection hes seriously concerned about the satellite constellations currently being assembled. There could be the problem of the electric drive systems and the one website alerts do not allow hard delta vees or speed increases. The. Plan is to deploy the fleets in an orbit of around 500 kilometers and then slowly push them to 1200 kilometers through the most contaminated belt and then bring them back down at the end of their lifetime. When. Its a problem similar to sending a family of snails across a major road during rush hour. For reading from. Theres a major risk of collision not least because the electric Propulsion Systems do not give the satellites much scope for evasive action. Mr freeze. The data from the t. V. System and from guests. Germanys space Situational Awareness and. The dutch border. And the german Aerospace Center worked together at the Nato Communications and Information Agency units their Radar Systems can only track the near earth so. And nots geostationary orbit so the center also uses telescopes to surveil satellites the to hire around and there are already concerns on the ground over the 1st satellites launched by space x. s starlink constellation. Was huge so i took by the what i saw from the launch of the past 60 standing subtle minds is that the brightness is relatively high. And back can lead to interference or to observations in near. Normal doses the problem feared by astronomers growing population of tens of thousands or many satellites in the low and medium. Well reflects the suns rays on to. Go under and in those areas of observation telescope coverage will be compromised. Not surprisingly some of the traffic in the low earth orbit is for military still says the relatively close range of 502800 kilometers is a convenient one thing gathering meteorological and geological data and the spying no where else in gemini did the armed forces and the civilian german air space center work so closely together to represent a region see the one where constellation with 6 satellites launched today all on one orbit. This is the stunning constellation with 10 times the number of satellites spread across different over time planes of this constellation is likewise set to grow significantly in the future. They are totally sure. Anymore if you were told of a large number of electrically powered satellites being introduced into critical orbit hearts will definitely post questions. In the final phase of the satellites deployment this will also present a bigger challenges for global Surveillance Systems than is the case with the Current Population and all that. So we have to prepare accordingly and continue to expand our capabilities of a cloud what else for. The importance of protecting Critical Infrastructure such as whether g. P. S. And observation satellites was highlighted in march 29th teen the Indian Military shut down one of the countrys Weather Satellites in order to demonstrate its strategic Space Capabilities the satellite broke up into 6 and a half 1000 pieces of debris which then spread around the globe but a speed of 35000 Kilometers Per Hour. The interesting thing us area is not so much the massive data breach that stay on the rich. Grant is the pounds moved by kinetic energy. Of course i was in france. China has also demonstrated its ability to destroy Critical Infrastructure in low earth orbit. Dung ton in south korea is just a 2 hour car drive from the border to north korea everyone here is aware of the threat from the norths Missile System and its here that one webb is working with intel and south korean specialists in maritime Satellites Communications intel and is making the satellite antennae for the ground stations and use the terminals that can pick up and relay the signals from the satellite constellation at any point on earth. The koreans were chosen due to their experience in Maritime Communications where the transmitter and receiver of signals a both moving the idea is to adapt that technology for Internet Access in self driving cars permanent connectivity will become increasingly important. Steve charland kevin other visionary minds behind intelli and from every country or is still challenge but we have all the solution now so cio is fixed so far i think a vessel is moving so that means im can or should move and also maintain tractor salwa. We are developing using now but leave your base or visually seller is moving so that means all we have to. Go by ship or by satellite there means for either also the accuracy so even though the worst cases we have to bury. Accurate tracker video and we can maintain the connection so that could be our challenger for your future so well try to over call. Rotating parabolic antennae at the cutting edge of Current Technology but a few years from now there might well be a new antennae available based on Semiconductor Technology this is a company with a couple of. Years of your future intel but this one is normally chemical body is right that we can put here where there is a some electronic circuit inside electronic circuit to reel. Yourself so this kind of a mechanical. Motion and then a very accurate track and also very small. Whether by sea the idea is to ensure easy connectivity for people using all means of transportation in addition to those who were stationary. This facility near seoul tests Radio Communications with objects in the bit. A group of engineers headed by physicists now things spent several months focusing on one specific task proving beyond doubt that an Internet Connection can be established on 90 days in a row via satellite constellation that test results would determine whether one website writes to transmitted the frequency spectrum approved by the International Telecommunications union would be confirmed its a milestone in the team eventually reached in 2019 satellites were launched in february of this year and we want to show proof of concept that it works so we want to be able to send signals up to the satellite but down again and prove that we can send traffic at very high speed. And therefore realize some of these services you know High Speed Broadband Services that we want to offer the world so this is a perfect testing ground weve got regulatory clearance here to do transmissions and receptions. Could a system initially comprising just 6 satellites in orbit streamed internet video content from germany now bains and his team were also eager to see how the experiment pans out. What well be doing is where were going to present the Earth Channel rise up and getting content from there over to our modems fanta the terminals themselves up to the satellites but down again i know all the acknowledgments coming back to across the internet so we can keep on stream here we just got 3 more minutes and then a satellite will be coming out over its satellite flies it takes about 3 minutes m m x for next. 1010 seconds. They. Say were now Live Streaming video from deserted you have to. Travel. The work briefly of the quality of the signal wasnt good enough so it lost lost connection but. We try and were still in testing were testing the circuit so optimizing the system to get better and better performance better latency. Improved quality of video all the stuff was ok well thanks everybody for joe. Thank. You providing sufficient bandwidth for streaming videos in full h. D. Will require the launch and deployment of far more satellites and more ground stations. Over in the