Want to meet those woman back home who are bones by their duties and social norms and inform them i hold the basic rights my name is them out of the home and i work into. The e. U. Code immunity. Its usually achieved with a vaccine like for polio but in the fight against covert some countries gambled on natural herd immunity they allowed infection to spread claiming it would minimize homme and protect the economy. Most Scientists Say its dangerous and may not even work. It also reinforces to me just how morally unconscious unquenchable and unfeasible this socalled natural hard he made team unity strategy is not only would it lead to millions more unnecessary it does it would also lead to a significant number of people facing a long road to food recovery. And its the most fun robel whod be hardest hit. You may remember the footage of mass graves in may now spears ill the false promise of herd immunity or is there some truth to the strategy well talk to our science correspondent about it in a moment to an expert 1st the even more important question of how long i mean what he actually lasts. As the covert 19 pandemic took hold scientists knew a vaccine would be the best protection against the virus but there was still the hope that those recovering would be immune as in the case of viruses like smallpox or polio when a 33 year old man in hong kong tested positive for a 2nd time those hopes were dealt a blow. Some people might ask. After you recover. Before but now its after your 1st infection theres always a chance youll get infected again. In their Research Paper the team at the university of hong kong says the 2nd infection was a different strain of the virus and that the patient was asymptomatic the study examines how often people whove had covert 19 are immune to new infections and. These questions have implications for Vaccine Development and decisions about returning to work school and social activities as many countries in europe and around the world went into lockdown earlier this year sweden went against the tide opting not to confine its population schools and restaurants remained open in the hope that infected people would become immune allowing them to continue their lives as normal and ultimately slowing the spread of the virus swedens infection rate and 1000000. The worst in europe and yet testing showed the country still fell a long way short of the infection rate which would create herd immunity. The w. H. O. Says that until the world has readily available vaccines the virus will continue to inflict significant changes on our lives. As a planet as a global population are close to their levels of immunity required to stop this disease. And we need to focus on what we can actually do not to suppress transmission and mark lippman the whole herd immunity been our salvation right now that is not a solution d its on the solution we should be looking to for forrestal bush. And the immunity picture is looking increasingly complicated in the southern german town of bad find a study by Germanys Robert Koch Institute found that 40 percent of participants who had tested positive for the corona virus before the study began no longer had immune a globe in g. Antibodies the most common type of antibody. The Robert Koch Institute is already conducting several regional studies as researchers around the world continue their work to create viable vaccines. Lets have a look at your questions now from our you tube channel is derek williams. What are the risks of the focused protection of price point out in the Great Barrington declaration. Since the very earliest days of this pandemic there have been those who believe that our responses to covert 19 so the lock downs and all the other measures that they have actually caused more damage than the disease itself and they believe that we need to look for other options even without access to a vaccine since really wide scale infection would be at least theoretically a pathway to what we want which is herd immunity the. Concepts laid out in the highly controversial declaration that you mention was proposed several weeks ago by 3 scientists from the u. S. And britain and its been signed by others it says that we need to only focus on protecting groups that it classifies as vulnerable especially the elderly and that urges a return to normal life immediately for everyone else that means basically not trying to limit infections among those that it says are at minimal risk of death so what would be the dangers of going down that path there are some pretty major ones in the big flaw in the declarations reasoning a lot of experts say is the fundamental assumption that that people who appear to gain at least some immunity after surviving that disease will keep that immunity for extended periods weve already seen some cases of people who have gotten coated 19 a 2nd time though those so far theyve thankfully been few and far between them still the coming months could see many many more another big question how exactly would you go about protecting vulnerable populations effectively in societies where the virus is basically raging unchecked is that even possible and in aspects that the declaration doesnt address at all is the potential long term damage that coated 19 can do to many younger people even those who survive then of course at least some people who arent classified as vulnerable will turn out to be very vulnerable took over 1000 out or all and theyll die from it potentially even millions of people worldwide and people who wouldnt have died if social distancing measures remained in force and. So effective vaccines are available. Lets talk more about immunity with Valentino Gallo shes a neuro epidemiologist at the university of corning and in the netherlands whats your take on the Great Barrington declaration. Thank you very much for the invite so 1st of all i think the declaration. Is pointing towards a scientific debate which is not entirely that in fact its about a few scientists coming from very prestigious. Organizations that have put forth these idea claiming that there is a divide between scientists but its just that they are. Against the rest of the scientists which are more competent. Suggesting different types of approaches to their commitment and to the situation of we call it. In addition to these so they can they claim that these are the more to be. Patient with the factor that downs with it will bring a lot of suffering of qualities and willing creases you know what it is in completion however the way they suggest 100. 00 these are so the focus protection under you can crease even more of these social inequalities if this is not coupled with really a funding for protecting people who need to be shielded so if people from the poorest state of their population have shilled because they suffer from some quarter bt for example or because they. Over a certain age but they cant because they need to choose between you know renting their job and show think peace is not every are options and it will increase even more today by its being populations we were seeing pictures there of men now say in brazil where it went terribly wrong and you mention the word protecting from from what ive read should we use the term protection rather than immunity i mean thats quite important isnt it. It is very important and its a its a subtle distinction but important and its the way scientists communicate with the rest of the war to so we use a herd immunity for saying that when a proportion of the population is actually new in from a condition than the rest of the population are prevented to get the condition from a normal social to social contact but in fact theyre not you know but they are protected because they are they are still vulnerable protected by the fact that other people are known and whats happening brazil and its proving that herd immunity for natural infection is might be not working because their time coming now back saying that in fact that infection is again a break on the rice and in fact normally. Usually. If the reality is that hurting unit is only achieved for a box nation and not naturally and to be have no idea if this is. Even if i have all option and preliminary data we are seeing now. In fact to go against these idea staying with brazil what about brazils experience with zeke of ours. Expedience was busy covering us had to defend distribution because a particular spread having being a vector Borne Disease particularly spreads in a suburb of populations of lower socioeconomic status because. Of the scientists i think ation of a city or of this suburbs could be maintained the mosquitoes was not breeding and so the infection could be avoided while in other contexts where he was impossible to prevent the breeding of the most. Faction went wild and in fact is a large straight off the population but this is a completely different type of approach because the in this case what should be prevented was the mosquito rather than the interpersonal infection as in the case what about the sweden talk to the government get it so wrong. Well sweden is a nice example in europe because the spite of having a not very dense population and young population and a strong system witnessed by the high mortality in every search i conducted by the end of june 20 twentieths where that ranked as a 5th european country for mortality accounting for the it structure of the population there belgium u. K. Spain and ireland overtaking italy who was heavily hit by the by a day conflict 19 and 20. 00 thank you very much. Thank you very much i will have to leave it there on benefits all and for any other developments on the bars go to our website the double dot com slash code 98 about. The next pandemic is just a matter of time. Scientists in brazil are convinced of this and. The destruction of the rain forest continues the habitat and while down the cherry deadly pathogens they want to prevent even more such breaks brazil the virus hunters close up. Next on d. W. India. Be animals here that experienced. Under legal pollen never leaves their side the limited Animal Rights activist gives them a safe haven in new delhi. Where their wounds can heal where the animals can rattling learn to trust again. In 60 minutes. Sleep. Listen carefully. Dont seem. To be a good. Match. Discovered. Subscribe to a documentary on. On the hunt for deadly viruses. Yes with the bass hunt is. There and is to prevent the next catastrophe. The bats carry a lot of viruses that could trigger pandemics. Pandemics of which we humans are the cause. Because of our destruction of the environment humans are moving ever closer to wild animals. Nobody can cut down half the rainforest and theyll still be enough left to most. People who are campaigning to protect the rain forest. And for biodiversity. Are helping to prevent new pandemic. Cut. How can we humans destroy a Living Forest hundreds of years old with a chain so much of the helical say. We are in the brazilian Amazon Region with a group of farmers hunters theyre tracking down invisible killer pathogens in the jungle. Our 1st trip takes us deep into the hinterland of sol paolos day. Its the region of sugarcane plantations trucks pass us by carrying this week harvest. In the dusk we spot a ringtail coati. We are out with biologist cristiana car viol and his team in the few remaining strips of the atlantic rain forest hes looking for the hiding places have. Bats he thinks he has motivated some in these water pipes where he heard the sound of wings flapping inside. Indeed there is a colony of bats dozens of them are living here in the cracks and crevices of the pipes. For us and one that im specialized in seeking out the hideaways of the bat sea regions like this close to Agricultural Land thats all mostly i find them in trees or like here in water pipes and. About experts work begins shortly before dusk he spends a net over the entrance and the background is on. A problem there could be but it might be. One other than that i see what this is this is were working with these animals to find out how far the various viruses have spread. I just think its part of our scientific work to find out which bats are carrying which viruses think one of their their orders for sure but. Now in the times of corona virus Everyone Needs to wear protective clothing to prevent a transmission of the virus chiroptera the scientific name for bats have been christiane knows passion for 26 years. He wants to lure them from the back of the pipe into the net. Its amazing how quickly he succeeds. Christiane no has to painstakingly untangle the animal from the net for him its a routine procedure after his many patents. The one that. He hands over the bats he has caught 2 by rolla just angelica compost who neatly hangs them up in fabric sacks im lucky that he one of those movies only says that this year that people roll by it has been noticing that bats carrying the numerous viruses which can be transmitted to humans and trigger pandemics is when you. Think the out because i couldnt believe me if thats why researchers are now looking more closely and precisely to find out which viruses are being carried in each individual animal. The bats are not afraid to bite so they wear thick gloves. Anjelica take samples out of the throats and digestive tracts of the bats places where the corona virus likes to settle. So i think weve been expecting a coronavirus pandemic for years but hoping that we would be wrong thought. They keep finding new previously unknown viruses in the feces of the bats. But every now without a work we want to prevent another pandemic from breaking out. Were hunting for new dangerous times of viruses or trying at least to limit them. If its too radical the life according to estimates there are more than 300000 unknown pathogens in the worlds jungles mostly hidden in the bodies of mammals such as bad so. Rodents as moments the rain forest stays intact the viruses and bacteria pose no threat to humans when humans and their livestock get too close to wild animals the viruses can be transmitted to cattle pigs or humans and become deadly the virus hunters want to find out which pathogens are a threat to humans. The bat samples have to be kept in at minus 80 degrees celsius on their way to the laboratory to keep the virus code intact. Because this is sort of obvious for the thumb up there for our work its important to get as many samples from the bats as possible but you might also we can identify the many types of virus circulating in the population what you do that if you look at their own. Bats are more interesting for researchers than other mammals as they carry an unusually high number of viruses. To fulfill we can think of bats as a kind of virus storage not the pathogens stay in their bodies far away from us humans pandemics arise when humans encroach on the natural territory of the bats and upset the balance of nature where the viruses exist they will feed the Researchers Show us what they mean on their way to the south palo laboratory with their freezer box. Due to the sugarcane monoculture here the hanta virus has spread rapidly its transmitted by rat droppings the hantavirus is not dangerous for the rodents but for humans every 2nd case of infection leads to death according to researchers the hanta virus started spreading rapidly after the jungle was cleared for the monoculture. In the 1970 s. Brazil began building roads through the impenetrable amazon rain forest with their true. Hands and was only in highway the military dictatorship laid the foundation for the massive deforestation we see today. Agriculture has bestowed prosperity upon many regions at the cost of the rain forest more and more Railway Lines on highways cut through the Amazon Region. Every year fires ravaged more swaths of rain forests they are usually started by farmers wanting to increase the size of their fields. Where on the trans amazonian highway on our way to an indigenous reserve we see traces of slash and burn farming on all sides now in the dry season smoke lingers over vast stretches of the countryside. President bush i are both so narrow 160 percent of the votes in this region of the brazilian state of pot are out and his Election Campaign he promised to free up the reserves of the Indigenous Peoples for deforestation and to support the many local cattle breeders. When we reach the reserve we see an illegal settlement. The collection of huts is called a villa arena stare the place of rebirth. It looks like a piece out of the wild west and indeed it is. Miller in a sarah stands on a piece of indigenous land protected by the constitution this fact was confirmed by Civil Servants who also told us that they are powerless against the illegal squatters are not allowed to give interviews but one person agrees to speak to us. As they cook from an entirely different region who moved to a villa in a say or a year ago our restaurant well this place is growing. Are there many workers here they moved to by land and yes Many Brazilians come from far away and stake out a piece of land to work and. I think that i think it must be worthwhile. And one that and her husband barito are frustrated neither of them has ever learned to read or write and they dont understand why the state sees them as illegal squatters. Nonfamily free me we have no nurse here who could take care of us. Shes not allowed to come here because our settlement is illegal. The politicians come here to get our votes but so far no one has helped us to get a legal title as landowners have a good word of if youve ever murdered. Barito shows us his building site next door where a new larger restaurant is planned they have just laid the foundation for the floor tiles. And on now to is hoping for Good Business in spite of everything. The Authorities Say this is Indigenous Territory but the old people say there have never been any Indigenous People here still the state wont give us this land. Are they right so im not sure after. This. We hope that we can soon be the legal owners of this land then we can work here with a clear conscience. Because this issue you dont see yourselves as illegal that we persevere that very many. Buildings are going up everywhere the craft workers are just putting up walls for an Evangelical Free Church it is the 6th in the settlement. In just 2 years the settle