Dioxide just toward its potential. If in the north sea is large enough to handle a substantial part, if not everything that comes out of your can that work will ships with c o 2, soon be going to norway to sink our climate problem under the north sea. And the technologies exist, but do they really advance climate protection . Or are we just buying time . According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we can only emit a maximum of around 330000000000 tons of c o 2. If the rising global temperature is to stay below 1. 5 degrees celsius, were currently releasing around 42000000000. 00 tonnes a year. If we carry on as before, the c o 2 budget would he used up in around 8 years by 2028 steps like closing coal fired power plants, expanding the use of Renewable Energies and switching to electric cars will cause c o 2 emissions to decrease the more ambitious, we are, the more they go down. But keeping the increase below 330000000000 tons seems a hopeless cause. And it means theyll be more c o 2. That has to be removed from the air. We dont need reforestation. No reason we have to think about how to deal with our bombs, but that will be an obvious fuel out. So when we are, yes. If we cut our c o 2 emissions and half every decade, you will still have to remove several 100000000 tons of c o 2 from the atmosphere by the end of the sentry. So we have to ask ourselves or record it on doneness once hard work in norway has a lot of experience removing and storing c o 2 a clean or extracts natural gas on a peninsula near hammerfest, the northernmost city in europe. And today our son, jake is in charge of the plant. Hes proud that away has been found here to get rid of c o 2, but also to deliver an immense amount of fossil energy to europe. In the summer i think i am its a lot of work and im sick and im sure 1st of all 6. 00 to 5. 00 times for a whole year and thats about 1. 2. So its summer as i see, 2. Always a byproduct of natural gas extraction. But the crucial thing here is that it flows back under the north sea. The system is controlled remotely from the command center. Theres no offshore platform. One pipeline brings natural gas to the plant, while another carries c o 2, back under the sea. In the stream calling you about 6 percent. This is quite unique about this because we remove the seal through the dryer, then compress it, push it back to a separate dresser or offshore for permanent storage. Almost a year, but the store per month in us, offshore 43 kilometers. So the state owned company that made norway, one of the richest countries on earth, would like to benefit from this experience a clean or is in the process of establishing a new business model. It calls the project Northern Lights as early as 2023, the 1st ships will bring c o 2 from European Industry to norway. A new pipeline descends steeply from the coast, then runs 110 kilometers along the sea floor to a point where the Greenhouse Gases are injected. 2500 meters deep into the north sea. Sediment is responsible for the new field of business. Its his job to lead the company into the future. Norway, its seen as an opportunity to actually continue to use steady sources in the north sea, not us a Energy Provider as us storage for why the, for industrial c o 2. Construction of the pumps has started, and the 1st test drilling has been done. The gigantic Northern Lights project is meant to pave the way for the large scale storage of c o 2. Its initial goal is to free europes industries from Greenhouse Gases. If we succeed and we have the opportunity to actually help clean up quite a few of the industries that have no other option. And we will allow these industries actually to, to stay here in europe. Its hard to see a bird without steel. Its hard to see a future without cement. They are essential and they need to need to arm myself. Even if Steel Production switches to Renewable Energy sources, there will always be an amount of c o 2 left over from the manufacturing process. Looking at german industry as a whole, this remaining c o 2 accounts for around 7 percent of c o 2 emissions. If europe is serious about climate protection, these emissions must also be stopped. But is it realistic that freighters will bring c o 2 from germany to norway . Today there are only 4 ships like the for oil worldwide. Told me pedersen is responsible for loading the tanker in the norwegian port of porsche going it takes on c. Otu that was released during the production of fertilizes down and out of the gas is delivered to the Food Industry which uses it in beer and fizzy drinks for example, or for cooling today see it too is a commodity in small quantities. After the gas is being cools and compressed, the front to transport sits in liquid form. The tank holds 1500. 00 tons of c o 2, assuming that all of the Carbon Dioxide produced by german industry would be transported by ships like the foyer around 100. 00 of these tankers would have to travel from germany to norway every day. But thats not a problem for the specialist in c. Already. It will be just a cost calculation more home size of the ship from lets say so if the technology there was just the right size of the ship. So shipping c o 2 to norway is plausible, but with those millions of tons of Greenhouse Gases released a perch on the ocean floor. This is the key in eastern germany, professor ham c. Austin has many objections to the idea of sinking our Greenhouse Gases using technical processes. He believes our priority should be to restore natural c o 2 stores, such as books. We have to get away from the illusion that we can do business as usual and develop a technology that compensates for euston is done. Hes researched folks all over the world. Works on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and is known as the pete pope. Here used in tries to understand the origin and development of bugs in the meta sick layer of peat. These are actually my favorite people to taste the shrek. And these a lot of people more says they taste very fine, often sulfurous sulfide like their mission. And of course, we have to use all of our senses to better understand nature, you know, to we always think that we need a lot of devices to measure things. But we shouldnt forget, as we can do an incredible amount with our eyes and ears, noses and our mouths really forgotten. There are hardly any, a dalit places like this left in germany. 99 percent of bugs have been drained and thus destroyed. This is made them climate killers because all the pleats that a bug like this stores is then gradually released into the atmosphere. Part of course, thats pure stored carbon. Half of these plant matter consists of carbon, and thats stored away. Then he grows up layer by layer with asin, the order of half a millimeter to one millimeter per year. Over thousands of years, all these layers and meters thick and contain a great deal of carbon. Thats pure climate protection, which only applies to intact bugs. Since almost all bugs in germany have been drained, they give off a lot of Greenhouse Gases, almost 6 percent of total emissions, more than atrophy. And we calculated that if we restore water to drain bogs, we will be able to compensate for even more than the warming caused by c o 2 emissions since the industrial revolution. And so both agree were seeing is a very important step along with creating cooling systems. For a world thats getting warmer anyway, that would be desirable. But how would it be possible to restore bugs to their natural state in an industrialized country like germany . The largest oil and gas deposits in the north sea are here off the coast of starving or in norway. The plans would mean pumping would continue here, but in the opposite direction. After those deposits are eventually exhausted. But with the c o 2 from European Industry really stay underground or will it become a time bomb . I think we can use the example of oil and gas is in the ground, and it stays there until we try to take it out. And what were doing essentially is the reverse. We are replacing c o 2 in the ground. The headquarters of the Norwegian Petroleum directorate is also here and start buying up. It makes decisions on the resources under the north sea issues drilling licenses and inspects rock formations. Preacher for peace is a geologist who has long been searching in the drill core archives for the optimum sediment into which the 1st industrial Carbon Dioxide will be injected. Ive been looking at possible Storage Options for many years. I think i started with this in 2006 and one of the 1st christians from our side was information because its a it is a good sandstone. It, as we were looking at what we cant touch it or feel it and feel it. And with a lot of poor space between the grains and under the north sea, the pools of the sandstone, a filled with water. Most of the injected c o. 2 dissolves in it, tending it into sparkling water. The bigger the pools, the easy at the gas can spread well with your own, just blowing it and see if it can and you can get some air through it. And this is quite good. No, i dont need to too much force on my blow to get there through the you. Hansen formation, which is intended to absorb the c o 2 lines below the troll field, a gas deposit that contains another 30 years supply of the fossil fuel in between a several layers of dense shale rock. Days of you have information. Look at that evidence. Coal bed here somewhere because of the Gas Production from this all feels the pressure is falling in this more shallow means even if there should be a little bit too, from this one, it cannot escape from the under pressure in the overnight exams. So far everything has been going well with the storage of c o 2 in norway at the slightly gas drilling platform, more than 1000000. 00 tonnes of c o 2 have been pumped back underground every year for 25 years. The Northern Lights project aims to stop with 1500000. 00 tonnes per year. If you look at the sheer magnitude of the problem globally, there is a need for thousands of facilities. And were talking hundreds of millions of tonnes per year that needs to be handled. Carbon capture and storage chill c. C. S. Its also been researched in germany. A 2017 experiment was a success. The c o 2 remained in the ground on the kit seen in eastern germany, but it raised fears of earthquakes and escaping gases. Since then, the storage of c o 2 has been politically dead in germany. Even the search is essentially for him, put it into it seen into the scene where i was also deeply involved in the Safety Council did it. I would have gladly built the Storage Facility at any time without any worry, lies with the boat or to get us all on the throttle. Been worried if i would put it on the wrong place in the wrong way with the wrong partners, the functioning, its clear that countries like germany that emit a lot of c o 2 also have to take responsibility for it. He says c. C. s is indispensable. Its you know, there are estimates that in europe we have enough Storage Space for 1000 years for a c o 2 emissions or woman. At the moment we have c. C. s as a Good Alternative fuel for if someone has a better one in 30 years, all the better. But right now we have to improve the technology so that its safe and is also controlled safely, houses transfused in his top priority, when it comes to climate protection is to return the bugs to their natural state and thus stop their c o 2 emissions. When theyre taking its region near all stuck on the eastern german coast, hes researching how i really whetted bulk can become the c o 2 store. Again in the long term was drained over the centuries. This allowed outside gent to penetrate the bog soil and break it down. That released a lot of carbon. It was reflooded 20 years ago. Jury in the period it was without water. It was a system in decline. Weve calculated that. We lost 2. 7 meters of peat at this location over the last few decades. And now were looking to see whether we can not only stop these processes, but also turn them around in order to get new peat formation of higher water levels. To the scale of the problem is vast, half of northern germany has been drained to grow potatoes or corn, or to graze animals. A check ted then emits as much c o 2 in a single year, 29 tons as a car does in a typical lifespan of 200000 kilometers in hank house and in the northwest landscape ecologist is investigating what happens when a drained is flooded. Again, he discovered that at 1st it produces methane, another very dangerous greenhouse gas. After a few years, the methane emissions decrease, and then the bulb begins to store c o 2 over the long term. Just extrapolated that for all areas that are currently drained globally. And you can see very clearly that the faster we return water to the barbs, the better it is for the climate. For drange bugs make up 7 percent of arab will land in germany. Is it even possible to turn back time . If we take climate protection seriously, we have no alternative to it. Dusty, when you understand that agricultural bogues in germany causes annual climate damage of 7400000000 euros, which corresponds exactly to the total added value of the whole of agriculture. Then you have to ask yourself, what are we doing here . Borrowing, is it an activity that causes 789000. 00 euros damage per hectare is allowed and even subsidized . Because of course, these Greenhouse Gases that are many cities must be compensated for somewhere else and somebody else has to pay for it. It wont be easy to restructure agriculture and convince farmers to turn huge areas of farm land into wet bugs. Again. If we follow the norwegians plan for dealing with c o 2, europe will soon have lots of facilities like the claymates rude waste to energy pound. He is c. E. O. To is filtered from the flu gases. This could serve as a model for other Industry Sectors that have not yet been able to make their production carbon neutral. Yanni could be a cuz initiated the c. C. S. Project at the waste to energy plant in 2014. Im proud and i believe that its meaningful to work with this because this could actually make a difference. And this is something we need to do in order to basically save, save this world. Because once to prove that its possible to remove c o 2 from industrial emissions, the waste to energy plant releases 400000 tons of c o 2. Every year. The small pilot plant can only collect 1000 tons of it per year. But that shows that it can work all it comes to the capture. Technology has proven to be extremely effective. You have managed to capture more than 95 percent of the c o 2 from the pilot plant. When it comes to the energy use, its quite an edge of the mining i dont usually makes capturing c o 2, very expensive, but thats not a. Im here in the waste to energy plant. Theres an abundance of waste heat here. The big challenge is to make capturing c o 2 economical it sharing the flue. Gases is only 5 to 10 percent. Its important to find the right chemicals that combined and enrich the c o 2. They are then removed with peaks and used again because its quite costly today because we are at the very beginning of the developments. There are only a few plants today, and none of them are actually on in industrial sources. The biggest challenge is that today the economy is not favoring handling of c o 2. It is a more attractive business wise simply to the c o 2 high price. The c o 2. 00 could make Carbon Capture and storage increasingly attractive. Since around half of the waste in this waste to Energy Plants consists of biomass, c, o 2 is even in directly extracted from the and because when this biomass grows, it absorbs c o 2. If this is trapped during incineration and bunkered away, it reduces the concentration of Greenhouse Gases in the atmosphere. Weve got c o 2 negative, and we know that we need to develop c o 2 negative solutions in order to reach the Paris Agreement. So waste to energy, the waste Energy Business can be very important in the matter. So this is what the future of getting c o 2 out of the atmosphere could look like. Houston is in his favorite place, the calendar off meadows. Here you can see how pete then screw in their natural state. They dont really see. 02, but instead absorb it. And yet they can still be used for agriculture by growing reads, a lot can be made out of these 3 roofs plastics. Bio gas to rehoboth shoes are by reeds are an example of a plant that can be harvested sustainably without damaging with more shooting. And there are already many ideas about what can be cultivated in bugs in hand. Housing in western germany, large areas of moss, being cultivated for the 1st time on a regretted blog. After all, most is that the natural vegetation on people oaks can they be grown and harvested like any other fields crop. The search for the best most is for agricultural cultivation is underway on the edge of the trial area. And here, paga and her team grow muscles from all over the world here they aim to find the ones that grow as well and just quickly as possible in this way. They also absorb c o 2 and turn the bugs into sinks with Greenhouse Gases. However, it will take more from us is to become a profitable product effect. So our lawns have been strong, direct payments to support and subsidies for farmers are not yet established. Its almost, i remain, my dear, but we can show here on the demonstration farm at this is actually feasible as much as well as what we can harvest into a large scale implementation really depends on political will, on further Technological Development of and on finding the supermarket and most for want as a replacement for white pete, pete was once made from moss and horticulture needs. Huge amounts of it so much that germanys trained dogs ar