A shielding us from the deadly vacuum of space. And these lands on teeming with life. Insects seats, poland, and bacteria. Floats in the atmosphere. Similar to the tank tom, the drink with ocean currants, the tiny organisms dancing in the wind, a cold arrow plank into several decades. Arrow biology is focused on these organisms. The, its a branch of biology thats long been under appreciated. Right. Biology is starting to move months of life in the atmosphere, whether the time the organisms in a cloud, the rain drop or in the cost of a desert, wind. Learning about these and born organisms is becoming increasingly relevant things to concerns about bio Diversity Health and the climate. Understanding how they influence on lives and the global animal and plant wealth is increasing the importance swelling all around us is a valuable and still launch going. This theory is ecology, is to be a for the discoveries just waiting to be discovered, the one that i placed on the, to the one to, to receive up here. You have the feeling youre far away from everything thats presented to them. But thats exactly the point we want to find out if theres life at this altitude and what type of music all of you there can when you have a book in there circling the subject on the wind is blowing at about 20 Kilometers Per Hour on. So a particle travel is a remarkable tony Kilometers Per Hour to sounds like you to minutes. Lets click on see that one. Yeah, im a to at the institute of chemistry oakland mall fell in central. France wants to learn more about micro organisms in the atmosphere. Today hes on this time its up to predict them as an altitude of almost 1500 meters. You setting up time . Tom trump set the observatory traps on essentially vacuum cleaners. The capture the dice, select the tiny apple and travelers. When p im a to looks into the skies. He knows that anything bought empty. The atmosphere around us is bustling with life. To skate on it unless 5th, you understood now almost everything in the atmosphere comes from the earth surface. Okay. And so the mirror image of the ground. Best of it. Oh so not unless its all very dynamic to do that. Its moving. It makes things so mean on the day of today wins. Sweep over all of a surfaces staring apple types of particles thats lifeless and living there and feasible to the naked eye. But it constantly around us. These particles float up to 5000 meters high and reflect the different type of tests on the ground. The the aerosols, brians about forests. They can contain leaf dust, poland, moans, and the bacteria, the pseudo volume. So phone, imagine the cubic center when its windy mixed together to form a clinical footprints of this forest, which spreads across the whole land device on a phone while some of the disabilities. As the over a meadow, there might be cross clippings, small insects, and minuscule traces of sheets for over a highway. A cloud might form of tie of particles, oil in the droplets and fine dust. High altitude winds mix the air results, and transport them far away. The this into mixing happens continuously as it does a variety of life forms in the arrow painting of sweat to long body and currents. The place data boucher and manuela paula shay welk at the National Research institute of agriculture, food and environment in the plan. In west and fronds collecting samples from based on the line structure positions in the middle of the fields. Its essentially a joint insect vacuum cleaner. Theres a strong acid from the trap. The position in uh, was made through it though, if it, by exact ammonia in a good 12 meters high that on or 40 feet to be exact as well because its an english model. It was metal in this, at the depth to lay. We dont want to use it to catch insects that fly 2 meters above the ground. Im like rather oregon is that we went into the air goes and travel greater. It isnt the point, they dont send it on that. It is a long since that that reveals more about the arrow pointing of the whole region for your website on this keyboard. Lets here the little some of the items on wednesday who is very good. Do the theyre all even lifeline because he wrote this. Its been nice weather amount of will take it to the land, the insane. So the laundry is dont in isms an arrow painted. And they can stay in the for a few hours or several days and float up to 1500 meters, depending on their size and the wind speed. The trap socks and everything. The policies by agricultural Scientists Use the results to warn the fall most of crowds of a fade. So the past, the trap operates. Oh yeah, around the clock of the atlanta. This is really a lot to get to because its a sunny day. You pull it out, i mean, im m as in a said ok, another one is hiding last because, you know, run another a beat leave a fit the beatles and flies, bonds. Even spite is a tremendous variety of species play a role in the visible aerial by swelling above us. The gum dung medium uh just as the account my cells and algae and smell presentations in the c cubic meter of air above our heads. It contains so many different organisms of that, that includes support on your call and bacteria preventive, but also small insect spider is like daily basis and it is on say design. You took down the organisms right, the wins like flying, compet the and gives them a chance to be nourished, to reproduce. And to so find the weve known about the existence of aero pine tone for nearly 200 years. Which is naturalist Charles Darwin noted in his journal during his expedition to the galapagos in 18. 35 the spiders were entangled in the ships rigging many miles from shaw or, and in the 2nd half of the 19th century, french scientist louis past due proved through a series of experiments. The particles were continuously suspended in the, at he called them, organized coal puzzles, as to is remembered, is one of the fathers of modern micro biology. Tobacco allows it strikes meningitis around that time. Scientists discover diseases could be caused by such and bacteria. A new branch of science was born aero biology. Scientists began comparing measurements in the same amount of at 55000. 00 bacteria were found in the bustling, dilute valley in paris. But any 7600. 00 were found among the trees in a box. In the swiss alps the hotel even advertised with assign the claimed only 25. 00 bacteria. The then it was the work of legendary pilot charles lindbergh. In the 19 searches, he attached n a d c, defiance to his plane, and then flew over the icy landscapes of northern canada, collecting a variety of fungal, expose, poland, and micro l. G. The samples supported the pieces that living things can survive Long Distance and travel at high altitudes. But in the years that followed arrow biology descended into obscurity and the organism suspended in the somewhat forgotten the vincent satellite imagery we kindled in france during the late 20th century, scientists discovered unbelievable amounts of suspended micro organisms the she was feel free to push the also on the way down to when you blow the dust off a piece of furniture, you see that its carried away with the air flow. Its like that its the same in the atmosphere. Now. The mass of these particles is so small that once airborne, they stay there and follow the as oh, i see, yes, feel, oh, cool. Now find small to lack researchers the inter continental transport of desert task. He says roughly 2000000000 tons of sewing or dust rise from the laundries deserts every year and circulate in the atmosphere. These gigantic tasks around swift scene via satellite images in the 19 ages. Aero biologists spend realized the true extent of circulating aero pine tone. No, but certainly i met you on, you know, i dont know just contains not only mineral matter, but in some cases also living organic material to and give you micro organisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi, meals as soon as the test is keeps out, it carries this array of living micro organisms to completely new places, and this, which will be the, its easy for a bacterium, fungal spa, all virus to attach to a tiny speck of dust and take flight. The dead winds does upgrades of sand blasting of tiny granules of clay on impact tons of dust and micro organisms. A sucked into boom and columns, reaching a height of 3 to 4 kilometers. Hold up a wall street and we can track this dusk over Long Distances. Also the supers you satellite images can help visualize the formation of such a cloud over this. The hard as that within several hours. The cloud grows and starts moving to the area. I will say dont, dont, ill fast forward. Theres hope youre telling me what goes set to goal semester pursue days later, you can see these huge dust mass is reaching the Atlantic Ocean. He of us with a few days later, theyre already over western france. It will cuz theyll likely to send over the british ios or even scandinavia a propulsion was showing us coordinated thats where the conditions, high and low pressure areas, boom and cold and current. Either both the task booms in or blow them away. They foam at highways, but circle the, the columbia test, a task cloud can cross the atlantic within a week the, the atmosphere is a true transpose of like the book to the jail. No matter contains chemical elements. And in some instances, nutrients, the touch police desert does transports help balance eco systems on the earth surface. This increases the sofas or the tail the tiny organisms, an arrow pointing tone, travel incredibly Long Distance is that high altitudes. But how do they travel . And how do they affect the ground . The countless micro organisms eventually touch down somewhere on us of the body. The immediate cause, a manual is in catalonia and researching what is known as micro bill deposition and its connections to Climate Change. Hes working on a major study of micro organisms in the atmosphere and almost with a key science by his research is in the spanish baronies by the you see the just see the coming from out of the 2 dimensions of the metal. Were at an altitude of over 2000 meters, where theres little interference from local air pollution. Im using pizza. We want to capture micro organisms thats right in the atmosphere, and travel from continent to cutting it gas in the office. Instead of going through them done a lot more so than i do. Were going to do this on we gathered rainwater in a collector for one week and the sample includes micro organisms and small particles request. We collect these in a filter and bring it to the land and i dont know one of them which, which, which the most part people us get the most i can hear. You can see the particle. So like, you know, whats the best part of the water is clear again, because all the particles got stuck in our filter and was talking to a lot of people are sort of that because there are organic particles like bacteria. If one guy, poland was on the but also in organic ones like clay silicates can minerals that come from far away is almost because hes been in front of them with us. What are some of those think us well here and could be just from africa, for example, the thought which was transported them yet my sphere, which has been, was washed out by the rain and the light. Thats what were capturing here. The water is probably running. There are thousands of millions of micro organisms in this building immediately means its gonna be unit in griffin. These these continuous deliveries of micro organisms are a natural process that if a cod threw out us history once the particles lined again, the tiny travelers have a Significant Impact on ecosystems. Some bacteria and help boost pond to growth by attaching to them and pulling nitrogen from the others, penetrate the soil and recycled data organic manta viruses and microscopic moans, regulate animal, and plant life. So me through. And these will stick when theyll gain when these micro organisms land in. They can colonize new habitat and we, when she spends an excellent dispersal system for bacteria that im the, allowing them to colonize the entire planet. Theyre small, reactive biological entities that land in a distant planet is whatever and create new life even be another salary of somebody thatll be the media. Cast them i, yours team started micro organisms in rain want to the is and with the help of whether data trace the arrow pine cones, pathways the scientists were able to show which region ocean all continent, the streams of arrow pointing to them came from and they discovered some remarkable patents of the in the summer arrow plant on tends to be local. It rises from the farmlands of spain and northern europe. Above the city is rivers and lakes. But in the winter, the major streams of arrow pine till him come primarily from the Atlantic Ocean bacteria and viruses cross the ocean within 3 days and to send over the mountains, already had left the middle resort that it was going to be you. I might, you better when we analyze the initial results of storm savior and joan, we noticed trends that recur annually. This was an amazing discovery. How is it possible that the same micro organisms appear at the same time every year . I see those up, but its gonna be moving. We know they travel over the sea or emerge from the nature. Here are some plants growing the spring of this growing the summer months and the cycles are mirrored in the atmosphere, so used to speak last time. You know, quarter and, and im with of the streams of arrow pine cones a not some random mix of species drifting with no rhyme or reason. The microbial masses that rise and settle at their own cycles and seasons just like bands, flowers and bumblebee. The but given that it is the transpose of life, the atmosphere kind of also poses a threat among the multitude of microbes circling the skies a some to um say that humans can microscopic ero pint on. Make us sick. The, on the flip flop. Need. Yes. Most of the people used to talk about my as medic, ex relations when it came to airborne diseases or prevention was impossible. Back then, the method of transmission wasnt really unknown because that meant that all human afflictions, but generally attributed to the environment. You know, some of the, the failed to submit this on this old notion of a noxious atmosphere that makes people sick, has some truth to it. We now know that all microbes and viruses floating in the at which can infect humans, animals, and plants, but flu and foot and mouth disease can spread from bomb to bomb. With the help of the wind over several kilometers. A dad condition is can release legionella which causes potentially fatal pneumonia. The many fungal spawns that enter the atmosphere before settling in the soil. A microscopic taking time, bombs, the be something you visited, the visual, put those in a symbol. There are some pretty dangerous pathogenic fun guy the, to the hospitals are mindful of this because when soil in sand and move during construction workers and their adverse wins, this is ask for deal of sports and other harmful molds can enter clinics and cause epidemic. Oh no, no need for you. What is it to them . You dont need to be sees of the genus as forgiveness are found everywhere. Youre including in the atmosphere acute or if they appear in large amount. Theyre dangerous to him. You know, compromise, i think, gross, the degree of what we need to manage the science has shown pathogens, can spread of a medium distances. Droplet infection of a very short distance is of up to one meter, such as the influenza virus or the virus that causes cobit 19 is also being proven. The font that isnt solid evidence to show that transmission happens over a Long Distances of several 100 kilometers. The reason for them to those few pathogens dangerous to humans can travel very Long Distance is the husband deals at the corona virus was studied in the laboratory for its vulnerability, and it turned out its very sensitive to alex to yeah, of course, does uv radiation and dryness, quickly kill and render a virus harmless when its suspended in the air outside optimal vital truth. If i didnt think of it, the atmosphere is even more dangerous, but viruses than insects. Only one in a 1000000 microbes survives. Its trying to see the box, google cool and hold on to the activity, but theres a large numbers of bacteria and seemingly with some pathogens are not get a cause for concern because theyre mostly dead. The only most were talking about traces of genetic material. So spiral bacterial, a parasitic, but not live viruses. This is one box, the lives of people, the men say look you, its very rare for individual viruses or bacteria to make you sick. A lot. It takes a substantial viral load to become infected because luckily i bodies have Strong Defense and most likely to always low level who they follow. So log ins, immune systems vigilant napa, the last most Infectious Diseases today transmitted via a different kind of and pomp way through our planes. Passengers on board spread micro organisms all over the planet. In spring time, poland takes its ton on this giant and carousel pollen grains produce themselves. They often travel far and wide and reproduce with the female gummy of other trees. This is beneficial to many living beings. The little med johnny, the poland grains can break, releasing irritants that make poland allergy is a widespread problem of the at the university of little in france, you called all visa and now the usual on studying poland, theyve captured from the yeah, theyre examining whether poland grains breakup more easily when they encounter air pollutants in the sky. Over the far, let me adjust this the live. What else did they put on the x to is this this poland has truly exploded on the national to credit. They know this is the sample from the books. Poland sees to the credit will cause thats where you can float the pole in this crack. So just to pay for what is what is a subset. So not long that its deflated. The, their protective membrane is really shredded. If they how long they should get this the one for the next week i see its near, we see the broken pole in which lost its original reproductive function. You can also see the release of the small particles, civil, which are dangerous for people with asthma and stuff like walkers. Its immeasurable because all to become friends. Of course, not all pollen greens in the atmosphere are shown here. Just to mall. Our job is to count them difficulty. Whats the percentage of damaged, grand designing splendor they harmful to how its curious cuz they seem to the to, for us on the dates, the researchers want to better understand what happens between a pollen grain and a pollutant in the atmosphere. So that recreating this interaction in the power train, the poland is intentionally damaged when, if its a free on a boss from a confidence interval, rules are fallen, must suffer. This is the revenge of people with allergies. If i start with a stre