And want to make up the onsite must be a shielding us from the deadly vacuum of space. And these lands on teeming with life. Insects seats, poland, and bacteria. Floats in the atmosphere. Similar to the tanks on the drink with ocean currents, the tiny organisms dancing in the wind. A cold arrow planks. And for several decades, ero biology is focused on these organisms, the, its a branch of biology thats long been under appreciated era biologists study the movement of life in the atmosphere, whether the tiny organisms in a cloud, the rain dropped or in the cost of a desert wind learning about these and born organisms is becoming increasing the relevant things to concerns about bio Diversity Health and the climate. Understanding how they influence our lives and the global animal and plant wealth is increasing the importance. Swelling all around us is a valuable and still launch going to serious ecology is to be a for the discoveries just waiting to be discovered. The one that i place you on the, to the one to, to receive up here. You have the feeling youre far away. From everything thats presented to them, but thats exactly the point we want to find out if this life at this altitude and what type of news. If all of you either can when you have a book in there, circling, constructed on the wind is blowing at about 20 Kilometers Per Hour on. So a particle travel is a remarkable 20 Kilometers Per Hour. Sounds like you to minutes. Lets click on see the yeah, im a to at the institute of chemistry oakland mall fell in central. France wants to learn more about micro organisms in the atmosphere. Today hes on this time its up to predict them as an altitude of almost 1500 meters. Hes setting up time tom track, set the observatory the trap, so essentially vacuum cleaners. The capture the dice, select the tiny apple and travelers when p im a to looks into the skies. He knows that anything pot empty the atmosphere around this is bustling with life. To skate on it unless 5th, the under. So now almost everything in the atmosphere comes from the earth surface. Okay. And so the mirror image of the ground best. We also know that most 5th, all very dynamic considering that its moving and mix things. So mean all day of today wins. Sweep over all of the surfaces, stuttering apple types of particles so lifeless and living there and feasible to the naked eye. But it constantly around us. These particles float up to 5000 meters high and reflect the different type of tents on the ground. The the aerosols, brians about forests. They can contain leaf dust, poland, moans, and bacteria. To volume, so phone, imagine john cubic center. When it was windy, they mixed together. Different mcclendon footprints of this forest, the which spreads across the whole lands of a single headphone. While some of the mississippis as the over a meadow, they might be cross clippings, small insects, and minuscule. Traces of shapes more over a highway. A cloud might form of tie up particles with droplets and fine dust. High altitude winds mix the end results and transport them far away. The this into mixing happens continuously as it does a variety of life forms and the arrow punched in a sweat to long body and conference. The place data boucher and manuela paula shay welk at the National Research institute about agriculture of food and environment. In the plan, in west and fronds, theyre collecting samples from this fund, a line structure positions in the middle of the fields. Its essentially a joint insect vacuum cleaner. Theres a strong acid, so from the trap. The position in, uh, i just met through it though. Ive had things that come on in a good 12 meters high. They dont get or 40 feet to be exact because thats an english model. It was metal. And it visited the wood up to a. We dont want to use it to catch insects that fly 2 meters above the ground. Im like, rather oregon is that werent swept into the air as close and travel greater distance point. They dont say they dont have to do that, which is a long since that, that reveals more about the arrow pointing of the whole region for your website on this keyboard. Once you do that, also nicer on wednesday who is very good news. There are even lifeline because he wrote this is the nice weather amount of will take it to the land, the insane. So the laundry is dont in isms an arrow painted. And they can stay in the for a few hours or several days and float up to 1500 meters, depending on their size and the wind speed. The trap sounds saying everything. The policies by agricultural Scientists Use the results to warn the farmers of crowds of a fade. So the past, the trap operates. Oh yeah. Around the clock is this is really a lot to its because its a sunny day. You pull it up. I mean, and theres a nice thing. Okay, another one is hiding last guess. You know, and another a beat leaf if it beatles and flies, fox, even spite is a tremendous variety of species play a role in the invisible ariel by swelling above us. The gum done medium uh, what about just as the account myself as an allergy and small presentations in the c cubic meter of air above our heads. It contains so many different organisms of that, that included support on your call and bacteria preventive, but also small insect spiders. I tell you it was easy to use on saying design, you took down the organisms right. The wins like flying compet, the and gives them a chance to be nourished, to reproduce. And to so find the weve known about the existence of arrow paint home to nearly 200 years. Which is naturalized Charles Darwin noted in his journal during his expedition to the collapse of ghosts. In 1835 the spiders were entangled in the ships rigging many miles from shaw. And in the 2nd time that the 19th century french scientist louis past, due proved through a series of experiments, the particles were continuously suspended in the yeah, he called them organized coal tassels. As to is remembered, is one of the fathers of modern micro biology, tuberculosis, and strikes meningitis around that time. Scientists discover diseases could be caused by such and bacteria. A new branch of science was born and wrote biology. Scientists began comparing measurements in the same amount of that 55000. 00 bacteria were found in the bustling pollute, lee and parents. But on the 7600. 00 were found among the trees in a box. In the swiss alps the hotel even advertised with assign the claimed only 25. 00 bacteria. The then there was the work of legendary pilot Charles Lindbergh in the 19 searches he attached and it the soup divines to his plane and then flew over the icy landscapes of northern canada. Collecting a variety of fungal, expose, poland, and micro algae. The samples supported the pieces that living things can survive Long Distance and travel at high altitudes. But in the years that followed arrow biology descended into obscurity. The organism suspended in yeah, was somewhat forgotten. The ingredients in satellite imagery, we kindled interest in the late 20th century. A scientist discovered unbelievable amounts of suspended micro organisms. Or she will say the push, the also im of the way down to when you blow the dust off a piece of furniture. You see that its carried away with the air flow. Its the same in the atmosphere now. The mass of these particles is so small, the ones that are born, they stay there and follow the f. O is the fee low call down for us while to lack researchers the inter continental transport of desert task. He says roughly 2000000000 tons of sewing on dost rise from the laundries deserts every year and circulate in the atmosphere. These gigantic tasks around swift scene via satellite images in the 19 ages. Aero biologists spend realized the true extent of circulating aero blank. Dont know, but suddenly i met you on, you know, i dont know just contains not only mineral matters, but in some cases, also living organic material to give you micro organisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. Let me know. As soon as the dust is kicked out, it carries this array of living micro organisms to completely new places this, which will be the, its easy for a bacterium, fungal, small, all virus to attach to a tiny speck of dust and take flight. The dead winds does up grains of sand blasting of tiny granules of clay on impact tons of johnston, micro organisms, a sucked into boom and columns, reaching a height of 3 to 4 kilometers. Will go up well street, or we can track this stuff over Long Distances. Also the super c a satellite images can help visualize the formation of such a cloud over the so hard as that within several hours the cloud grows and starts moving to the area. I will say the only thing ill fast forward, or theres what youre telling me what goes set to close mazda pursue days later, you can see these huge dust masses reaching the Atlantic Ocean here. This was a few days later, there already over western france. It duco theyll likely to send over the british ios or even scandinavia a precaution was showing us coordinated best weather conditions, high and low pressure areas, boom and cold and current. Either pull the task booms in or blow them away. They foam at highways. Lets go the, the, a kilometers, take tasks, cloud can cross the atlantic within a week, the, the atmosphere is a true transpose of life. The book to them at yale and the matter contains chemical elements. And in some instances, nutrients, the touch police desert does transports help balance eco systems on the earth surface. These increases the officer at the time. You organisms, an arrow pointing tone, travel incredibly Long Distance. They said high altitudes, but how do they travel and how do they affect the ground . The countless micro organisms eventually touch down somewhere on of the body. The immediate cas amaya on is in catalonia and researching what is known as micro bill deposition. And its connections to Climate Change. Hes working on a major study of micro organisms in the atmosphere almost with a key site. His research is in the spanish baronies. The to see the just see we to get some of them out of the 2 dimensions of the metal. Were at an altitude of over 2000 meters where theres little interference from local air pollution. Im using better so we want to capture micro organisms. Thats right. In the atmosphere and travel from continent to cutting it gas in the office instead of going through them done a lot more so that youll be going to do this on. We gathered rainwater in a collector for one week and the sample includes micro organisms in small particle and sequence. We collect these in a filter and bring it to the land and i dont know one of them which, which, which the most part people just get the most i can hear. You can see the particle. So like, you know, whats the best part of the water is clear again, because all the particles got stuck in our filter and most of you to, in the, in the part of the plus. What does that make us . But there are organic particles like bacteria. It fund guy holland, but also in organic ones like clay silicates, can minerals that come from far away is almost because hes been in for 100 and with us. What are some of those think, i suppose, year, and could be just from africa, for example. The 3rd, which was transported them yet miss fear the system was washed out by the rain and the light. Thats what were capturing here. The water is probably running. There are thousands of millions of micro organisms in this filter immediately means that the me unit in griffin is these continuous deliveries of micro organisms are a natural process that if a cod throughout us history, once the particles lined again, the tiny travelers have a Significant Impact on ecosystems some bacteria and help boost pond gross, by attaching to them and pulling nitrogen from the others, penetrate the soil and recycle dead organic matter. Viruses and microscopic modes regulate animal and plant life. So let me throw and these will stick when theyll gain. When these micro organisms land in, they can colonize new habitat, we, when she spends an excellent dispersal system for bacteria that im the, allowing them to colonize the entire planet. Theyre small, reactive biological entities that land in a distant planet is what and create new life in some of the salary of somebody thatll be the media. Cast them i yours teams started micro organisms in rain. Walter, the is and with the help of weather data trace, the arrow pine comes pathways. The scientists were able to show which region ocean all continent the streams of arrow pine come came from. And they discovered some remarkable pattons of the, in the summer arrow plant on tends to be local. It rises from the farmlands of spain and Northern Europe above cities, rivers and lakes. But in the winter, the major streams of arrow pine till him come primarily from the Atlantic Ocean bacteria and viruses cross the ocean within 3 days and to send over the mountains, already had left the middle resort that it was going to be you. I might, you better when we analyze the initial results of storm savior and joan, we noticed trends that recur annually. This was an amazing discovery. How is it possible that the same micro organisms appear at the same time every year . I see those up, but its gonna be moving. We know they travel over the sea or emerge from the nature. Here are some plants growing the spring of this growing the summer months and these cycles are mirrored in the atmosphere, so used to speak last time. You know, quarter in and im with of the streams of arrow pine tone and not some random mix of species drifting with no rhyme or reason. The microbial mass is the rise and settle at the own cycles and seasons just like bands, flowers and bumblebee. The but given that it is the transpose of life, the atmosphere kind of also poses a threat among the multitude of microbes calling the skies a some to um say that humans can microscopic aero pine tone. Make us sick. The on the flip flop, need yes. Most of you take people used to talk about my as medic x relations when it came to airborne diseases or prevention was impossible. Back then, the method of transmission wasnt really unknown because that meant that all human afflictions, but generally attributed to the environment. You know, some of the, the failed to submit this real nice old notion of a noxious atmosphere that makes people sick, has some truth to it. We now know that all microbes and viruses floating in the at which can infect humans, animals, and plants, but flu and foot and mouth disease can spread from bomb to bomb. With the help of the wind over several kilometers, a dead condition is can release legionella which causes potentially fatal pneumonia. The many fungal spawns that enter the atmosphere before settling in the soil. A microscopic ticking time bombs, the be something you visited, the visual, put those in a symbol. There are some pretty dangerous pathogenic fun guy. The kind is up to the hospitals, are mindful of this because in soil and send a move during construction workers and their adverse wins. This is ask for a deal of sports and other harmful molds can enter clinics and cause epidemic. Oh no, no need for you. Well, does it to them . You dont need to be sees of the genus as forgiveness are found everywhere. Youre including in the atmosphere acute or if they appear in large amount. Theyre dangerous to him. You know, compromise. I think girls with a degree of what we need to manage the science has shown pathogens, can spread of a medium distances droplet infection of a very short distances of up to one meter, such as the influenza virus or the virus that causes cobit 19 is also being proven the font that isnt solid evidence to show that transmission happens over a Long Distances of several 100 kilometers. The reason for them to those few pathogens dangerous to humans can travel very Long Distance is such as you dont have. The corona virus was studied in the laboratory, but its vulnerability and it turned out its very sensitive to alex to yeah, according to uv, radiation and drain is quickly kill and render a virus harmless when its suspended in the air outside optimal vapor tree. If i didnt think of it, the atmosphere is even more dangerous, but viruses than insects. Only one in a 1000000 microbes survives. Its trying to see the google and hold on to the activity. But theres a large numbers of bacteria and seemingly really some pathogens are not get a cause for concern because theyre mostly dead. The only most were talking about traces of genetic material. So spiral bacterial occurs acidic, but not live viruses. This is, the view is evil. The men say look, yeah, its very rare for individual viruses or bacteria to make you sick a lot. It takes a substantial viral load to become infected because luckily i bodies have Strong Defense and most likely to is low level who the follows the organs immune systems, vigilant. Never the last, most Infectious Diseases today are transmitted via a different kind of app pomp way through our planes. Passengers on board spread micro organisms all over the planet. In spring time, poland takes its ton on this giant and carousel pollen grains produced themselves. They often travel far and wide, and reproduce with the female gummy of other trees. This is beneficial to many living beings. The little med johnny, the pollen grains can break, releasing irritants that make poland allergy is a widespread problem. Of the at the university of little in from you called all visa and now the usual on studying poland. Theyve captured from the yeah. Theyre examining whether poland grains breakout more easily when they encounter pollutants in the sky. For let me adjust this the live. What else did they all look for in the x to is this, this poland has truly exploded on say, a national to print a video. This is a sample from the books pulled and sees it. It could help cause thats where you can pull the pole in this practice and just wait for what is it and stuff. Its so mock line that its deflated the, their protective membrane is really shredded. If they how long they should get this of the one for the next week to see if its near. We seen the broken pole in a for which lost its original reproductive function. You can also see the release of the small particles single, which are dangerous for people with asthma. For by clockwise, its immeasurable because all to become friends. Of course not all pollen. Greens in the atmosphere are shown here used to mall. Our job is to count them difficulty. Whats the percentage of damage, grand designing splendor they harmful to how a screw is cuz they seem to did see for us on face the researchers want to better understand what happens between a poland grain and a pollutant in the atmosphere. So that recreating this interaction in the power