A shielding us from the deadly vacuum of space. And these lands on teeming with life. Insects seats, poland, and bacteria. Floats in the atmosphere. Similar to the tank tom, the drink with ocean currents. The tiny organisms dancing in the wind, a cold arrow plank. And for several decades, ero biology is focused on these organisms. The pizza branch of biology, thats long been under appreciated. Era biologists study the movement of life in the atmosphere, whether the tiny organisms in a cloud, the rain dropped or in the cost of a desert wind. Learning about these and born organisms is becoming increasing the relevant things to concerns about bio Diversity Health and the climate. Understanding how they influence our lives under global animal and plant well is increasingly important. Swelling all around us is a valuable and still launch going to serious ecology this via for the discoveries just waiting to be discovered. The will not have to show that to the one to, to receive up here. You have the feeling youre far away from everything thats presented to them, but thats exactly the point we want to find out if theres life at this altitude and what type of music all of you there can when you have a book in there circling the subject on the wind is blowing at about 20 Kilometers Per Hour on, so a particle travels a remarkable 20 Kilometers Per Hour. Just sounds like you to a minute. Lets click on city on yeah, im a to, at the institute of chemistry, oakland mall fell in central. France wants to learn more about micro organisms in the atmosphere. Today. Hes on this time its of the plea to them as an altitude of almost 1500 meters. Hes setting up time tom track, set the observatory. The traps off, essentially vacuum cleaners, the capture the dice, select the tiny apple and travelers. When p im a to looks into the skies. He knows that anything bought empty. The atmosphere around this is bustling with life. To skate on his most 5th, we understood now almost everything in the atmosphere comes from the earth surface. Okay, and so the mirror image of the ground specify oh, so know that most 5th, all very dynamic extending that is moving and mix things. So middle of the day of today wins. Sweep over all of a surfaces staring apple types of particles, lifeless, and living there and feasible to the naked eye. But it constantly around us. These particles float up to 5000 meters high and reflect the different type of tests on the ground. The the aerosols, brians about forests. They can contain leaf dust, poland, moans, and bacteria, the volume. So phone, imagine junky, very excited when its windy mixed together to form a clinical footprints of this forest the, which spreads across the whole land. Very so theyll have bone while some of the major cities as the over a meadow. There might be grass clippings, small insects, and minuscule traces of sheets for over a highway. A cloud might form of tie of particles, we will, droplets, and find High Altitude wins. Mix the air results and transport them far away. The this into mixing happens continuously as it does a variety of life forms in the arrow, punting of sweat to long body and conference, the place data boucher and manual apologize. A well cut. The National Research institute for agriculture, food, and environment in the plan, in west and farms. Theyre collecting samples from this on the line structure positions in the middle of the fields. Its essentially a joint insect vacuum cleaner. Theres a strong s o from the trump. The position in, uh, i just met through it though. Ive had things that come on in a good 12 meters high. They dont or 40 feet to be exact because its an english model. It was metal in this, at the depth to maybe dont want to use it to catch insects that fly 2 meters above the ground. Im like rather oregon is that we went into the air goes and travel greater distance point. They dont send it on that to do the picture so long since that that reveals more about the arrow pointing of the whole region for your website on those keyboard wants you to know some of the items on wednesday, who is very good news. There are even lifeline because he wrote this is the nice weather amount of will take it to the land or the insane. So the laundry is the organisms, an arrow painted, and they can stay in the for a few hours or several days and float up to 1500 meters, depending on their size and the wind speed, the trap socks and everything. But policies by agricultural Scientists Use the results to warn the farmers of clouds of a fade. So the past, the trap operates. Oh yeah, around the clock. I dont like this is really a lot to its because its a sunny day use. Pull it up. I mean, im m as in a say, okay, another one is hiding last because, you know, one another a beat leaf if it, the beatles and flies fonts. Even spite is a tremendous variety of species play a role in the invisible ariel by swelling above us. The comes on medium uh what about just as the account myself as an allergy and small presentations in the seat that 2 cubic meter of air above our heads contained so many different organisms of that, that included support on your call and bacteria preventive, but also small insect spider is like daily basis and it is on say design, you took down the organisms right, the wins like flying, compet the and gives them a chance to be nourished, to reproduce. And to so find the weve known about the existence of aero pine tone for nearly 200 years. Which is naturalist Charles Darwin noted in his journal during his expedition to the collapse of ghosts. In 1835. The spiders were entangled in the ships rigging many miles from shaw. And in the 2nd ta for the 19th century, french scientist louis past due proved through a series of experiments. The particles were continuously suspended in the yeah, he called them organized coal puzzles, as to is, remember, is one of the fathers of modern micro biology. Tuberculosis strikes meningitis around that time. Scientists discover diseases could be caused by such and bacteria. A new branch of science was born and wrote biology. Scientists began comparing measurements in the same amount of that 55000. 00 bacteria were found in the bustling pollute as a by lee and parents. But on the 7600. 00 were found among the trees in a box in the swiss alps, the hotel even advertised with assigned the claimed only 25. 00 bacteria. The then there was the work of legendary pilot Charles Lindbergh in the 19 searches he attached. And a dc if divides to his plane and then flew over the icy landscapes of northern canada, collecting a variety of fungal, expose, poland, and micro algae. The samples supported the pieces that living things can survive Long Distance and travel at High Altitudes. But in the years that followed arrow biology descended into on security. The organism suspended in yeah, was somewhat forgotten. The betting 3 things in satellite imagery we kindled interest in the late 20th century. A scientist discovered unbelievable amounts of suspended micro organisms. She was feel free to push the also on the way down to when you blow the dust off a piece of furniture. You see that its carried away with the air flow. Its like that its the same in the atmosphere. Now. The mass of these particles is so small, but once theyre born, they stay there and follow the so i stay yes, feel, oh, cool. Now find small to lack researchers the inter continental transport of desert task. He says roughly 2000000000 tons of sewing or dust rise from the laundries deserts every year and circulate in the atmosphere. These gigantic tasks around swift scene via satellite images in the 19 ages. Aero biologists then realized the true extent of circulating aero pine tone. No, but certainly i met you on, you know, i dont know just contains not only mineral matter, but in some cases also living organic material to and give you micro organisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi, meals as soon as the test is keeps out, it carries this array of living micro organisms to completely new places this, which will be the, its easy for a bacterium, fungal, small, all virus to attach to a tiny speck of dust and take flight. The, the desert winds does up grains of sand blasting of tiny granules of clay on impact tons of dust and micro organisms. A sucked into boom and columns, reaching a height of 3 to 4 kilometers the hold up a wall street or we can track this dust over Long Distances. Also, the supers you satellite images can help visualize the formation of such a cloud over this. The hard as that within several hours, the cloud grows and starts moving to the area. I will say, dont, dont, ill fast forward. Theres hope youre telling what goes set to close mazda pursuit is later you can see these huge dust masks is reaching the atlantic ocean. He of us, with a few days later, theyre already over western france. It dont because theyre likely to send over the british ios or even scandinavia, a precaution was showing us coordinated best weather conditions, high and low pressure areas, boom and cold and current. Either cold, the task booms in or blew them away. They foam and highways, but circle the, the a kilometer. If they task cloud can cross the atlantic within a week the, the atmosphere is a true transpose of like the book to them at yale and up the matter contains chemical elements. And in some instances, nutrients, the touch police desert does transports help balance eco systems on the earth surface. These increases Demo Software that tell the tiny organisms and arrow pine till travel incredibly Long Distance. They said High Altitudes, but how do they travel and how do they affect the ground . The countless micro organisms eventually touch down somewhere on us of the body. The immediate cas emmanuel is in catalonia and researching what is known as micro bill deposition and its connections to Climate Change. Hes working on a major study of micro organisms in the atmosphere and almost with a key science by his research is in the spanish baronies. The to see the just see you the, i guess coming from out of the 2 dimensions of the metal. Were at an altitude of over 2000 meters where theres little interference from local air pollution. Im using pizza. We want to capture micro organisms that spread in the atmosphere and travel from continent to cutting it gas in the office instead of going through them done a lot more so that youll be going to do this on. We gathered rainwater in the collector for one week and the sample includes micro organisms in small particle and sequence. We collect these in a filter and bring it to the land and i dont know one of them which, which, which, which, which, which the most part people us get the most i can hear. You can see the particle. So like, you know, whats the best part of the water is clear again, because all the particles got stuck in our filter and was talking to a 50 any particular sort of time because there are organic particles like bacteria, if one guy call in and it was on the but also in organic ones like clay silicates and minerals that come from far away is almost because hes been in for a lot of them with us. What are some of those take us about a year and could be just from africa, for example, the 3rd which was transported them, yet my sphere system was washed out by the rain and the light. Thats what were capturing here. The water is probably running. There are thousands of millions of micro organisms in this building immediately means its gonna be uniform to 100 these continuous deliveries of micro organisms are a natural process that if a cod threw out us history once the particles land again, the tiny travelers have a Significant Impact on ecosystems some bacteria and help boost pond to growth by attaching to them and pulling nitrogen from the others, penetrate the soil, and recycled dead organic, monta, viruses and microscopic moans, regulate animal and plant life. So let me throw and these will stick when theyll gain when these micro organisms land in. They can colonize new habitat and we went to the states an excellent dispersal system for bacteria that im allowing them to colonize the entire planet. Theyre small, reactive biological entities that land in a distant planet is what an create new life. Even even though theres already a somebody thatll be the media, cast them i yours teams started micro organisms in rain. Walter, the is and with the help of weather data trace, the arrow pine comes pathways. The scientists were able to show which region ocean all continent the streams of arrow pine come came from. And they discovered some remarkable patents of the in the summer arrow plant on tends to be local. It rises from the farmlands of spain and northern europe. Above the city is rivers and lakes. But in the winter, the major streams of arrow pang to him come primarily from the atlantic ocean, bacteria and viruses cross the ocean within 3 days and descend over the mountains. Already had left the middle resort. That was going to be un, what you better when we analyze the initial results of storm savior and joan. We noticed the trends that recur annually. This was an amazing discovery. How is it possible that the same micro organisms appear at the same time every year . I see those up, but its gonna be moment. We know they travel over the sea or emerge from the nature. Here are some plants growing the spring of this growing the summer months and these cycles are mirrored in the atmosphere, so used to speak last time. You know, quote in and im with of the streams of arrow pine cones a not some random mix of species drifting with no rhyme or reason. The microbial masses that rise and settle at their own cycles and seasons. Just like bands, flowers and bumblebee. The but given that it is the transpose of life, the atmosphere kind of also poses a threat among the multitude of microbes circling the skies a some to um say that humans can microscopic aero pine tone. Make us sick. The on the flip flop. Yes, most of the people used to talk about my as medic x relations when it came to airborne diseases. Also the prevention wasnt possible back then. The method of transmission wasnt really yet known, but it, because that meant that all human afflictions, but generally attributed to the environment. You know, some of the, the failed to submit this on this old notion of a noxious atmosphere that makes people sick, has some truth to it. We now know that all microbes and viruses floating into yeah, which can infect humans, animals and plants. But flu and foot and mouth disease can spread from bomb to bomb. With the help of the wind over several kilometers. A dead condition is can release legionella which causes potentially fatal pneumonia. The many fungal spawns that enter the atmosphere before settling in the soil. A microscopic taking time, bombs, the resulting you visited the visual, put those in a symbol. There are some pretty dangerous pathogenic fun guy is quite is up to the hospitals are mindful of this because when soil in sand and move during construction workers and their adverse wins, this is ask for a deal of sports and other harmful molds can enter clinics and cause epidemic. Oh no, no need for you. Well, does it to them . You dont need to be sees of the genus as forgiveness. I found everywhere. Youre including in the atmosphere acute or if they appear in large amount. Theyre dangerous to him. You know, compromise. I think gross me the degree of what we see to manage the science as shown. Pathogens can spread of a medium distances droplet infection of a very short distance is of up to one meter, such as the influenza virus or the virus that causes cobit 19 is also being proven. The font that isnt solid evidence to show that transmission happens over a Long Distances of several 100 kilometers. The reason for them to those very easy to few pathogens dangerous to humans can travel very Long Distance is the question deals at the corona virus was studied in the laboratory for its vulnerability, and it turned out its very sensitive to alex to yeah, of course. Does uv radiation and dryness quickly kill and render a virus harmless when its suspended in the air outside optimal vapor tree . If i didnt think of it, the atmosphere is even more dangerous, but viruses than insects. Only one in a 1000000 microbes survives. Its trying to see the box google cool and hold on to the activity, but theres a large numbers of bacteria and seemingly really some pathogens are not get a cause for concern because theyre mostly dead. The only most were talking about traces of genetic material. So spiral bacterial, a parasitic, but not live viruses. This is the lives of people. The men say, look, you know, its very rare for individual viruses or bacteria to make you sick. A lot. It takes a substantial viral load to become infected because luckily i bodies have Strong Defense and most likely to always low level who follows the organs immune systems. Vigilant napa, the last most Infectious Diseases today transmitted via a different kind of and pump the way through our planes. Passengers on board spread micro organisms all over the planet. In spring time, poland takes its turn on this giant and carousel pollen grains produce themselves. They often travel far and wide and reproduce with the female gummy of other trees. This is beneficial to many living beings. The little med johnny, the pollen grains couldnt break releasing irritants but make poland outages, a wide spread problem of the at the university of little in france, you called all visa and now the usual on studying poland. Theyve captured from the yeah, theyre examining whether poland grains breakout more easily when they encounter at pollutants. And this guy for let me adjust this the live. What else did they put on the x to is this, this poland has truly exploded on the national to credit. They know this is the sample from the books pulled and see if it could help cause thats where you can pull the pole in this crack. So just to say, well what is it . Its a subset, so not long that its deflated the, their protective membrane is really shredded. If theyre how long they should get this of the one for the next week. I see its near, we see the broken pole in which lost its original reproductive function. You can also see the release of the small particles, which are dangerous for people with as much. Thats it for by clock, as its immeasurable because all to become friends. Of course, not all pollen greens in the atmosphere are shown here, just to mall. Our job is to count them difficulty. Whats the percentage of damage, grand designing splendor they harmful to how its curious cuz it seems you did see for us on the date the researchers want to better understand what happens between a poland grain and a poll