Be a shielding us from the deadly vacuum of space. And these lands on teeming with life insects seats, poland, and bacteria, floats in the atmosphere. Similar to the tanks on the drink with ocean currents, the tiny organisms dancing in the wind, a cold arrow plank. And for several decades, ero biology is focused on these organisms. The, its a branch of biology thats long been under appreciated era biologists study the movement of life in the atmosphere, whether the time the organisms in a cloud, the rain drop or in the cost of a desert wind. Learning about these and born organisms is becoming increasing the relevant things to concerns about bio Diversity Health and the climate. Understanding how they influence our lives and the global animal and plant wealth is increasingly important. Swelling all around us is a valuable and still launch can mysterious ecology is to be full of discoveries just waiting to be discovered. The one that i placed on the, to the one to, to receive up here. You have the feeling youre far away from everything thats presented to the but thats exactly the point we want to find out if this light but this altitude and what type, what are the zip all of either 10 men, you have a book in there circling, constructed on the wind is blowing at about 20 Kilometers Per Hour on. So a particle travel is a remarkable 20 Kilometers Per Hour. That sounds like you to minutes. Lets click on see the yeah, im a to at the institute of chemistry oakland mall fell in central. France wants to learn more about micro organisms in the atmosphere. Today hes on this time its up to predict them as an altitude of almost 1500 meters. You setting up time tom track, set the observatory, traps off essentially vacuum cleaners. The capture the dice, select the tiny apple and travelers when p im a to looks into the skies. He knows that anything bought empty. The atmosphere around us is bustling with life. To skate ours, lets 5th, we understood now almost everything in the atmosphere comes from the earth surface. Okay. And so the mirror image of the ground best. We also know that most fits all very dynamic considering that its moving and makes things so mean all day of today wins. Sweep over all of the surfaces, stuttering apple types of particles, lifeless, and living there and feasible to the naked eye. But it constantly around us. These particles float up to 5000 meters high and reflect the different type of tests on the ground. The the aerosols, brians about forests. They can contain leaf dust, poland, moans, and bacteria the see to evolve some phone. Imagine design cubic center when its windy mixed together to form a kind of footprints of this forest, which spreads across the whole land device and the bone. While some of the mississippis as the over a meadow, they might be cross clippings, small insects, and minuscule. Traces of sheets for over a highway. A cloud might form of tie of particles, we will, droplets, and fine dust. High altitude winds mix the air, results, and transport them far away. The, this into mixing happens continuously as it does a variety of life forms in the arrow penton sweat to long body and currents. The place data boucher and manuela paula shay welk at the National Research institute about agriculture of food and environment in midland, in west and fronds collecting samples from this fund. A line strunk just positioned in the middle of the fields. Its essentially a joint insect vacuum cleaner. Theres a strong acid, so from the trap. The position in uh, i just met through it though of it by exact ammonia in a good 12 meters high that on or 40 feet to be exact as well because its an english model. It was metal and invested the wood up to lay. We dont want to use it to catch insects that fly 2 meters above the ground. Im like rather oregon is that werent swept into the air. Its called us and travel greater distance, quite outstanding on that to do. It is long since that that reveals more about the arrow pointing of the whole region for your website on this keyboard. Once you do it on some of the items on wednesday, who is very good, do you live there or even lifeline because you wrote, this is the nice weather amount of will take it to the land, the insect. So the laundry is organisms, an arrow painted, and they can stay in the for a few hours or several days and float up to 1500 meters depending on the size of the wind speed. The trap song saying everything that policy is by agricultural Scientists Use the results to warn the fall most of clouds of a fade. So the past the trap operates. Oh yeah, around the cock. And this is really a lot to its because its a sunny day is going up. I mean im m as in a said okay. And another ones hiding. Last goose one another a beat leaf, a 5th, the beatles and flies font. Even spite is a tremendous variety of species play a role in the visible aerial by swelling above us. The comes on medium uh what about just the countless cells of algae and small crustaceans in the see the cubic meter of air above our heads. It contains so many different organisms of that, that included support on your call and bacteria preventive, but also small insect spider is like daily basis either is on say design, you took down the organisms right. The wins like flying compet, the and gives them a chance to be nourished, to reproduce. And to so find the weve known about the existence of arrow painted him to nearly 200 years. Which is naturalized Charles Darwin noted in his journal during his expedition to the collapse of ghosts. In 1835 the spiders were entangled in the ships rigging many miles from shaw. And in the 2nd time for the 19th century, french scientist louis past due proved through a series of experiments. The particles were continuously suspended in the yeah, he called them organized coal tassels. As to is remembered, is one of the fathers of modern micro biology. Tobacco allows it strikes meningitis around that time. Scientists discover diseases could be caused by such and bacteria. A new branch of science was born and wrote biology. Scientists began comparing measurements in the same amount of that 55000. 00 bacteria were found in the bustling, dilute as a fairly and parents. But any 7600. 00 were found among the trees in a box. In the swiss alps the hotel even advertised with assign the claimed only 25. 00 bacteria. The then it was the work of legendary pilot charles lindbergh. In the 19 searches he attached and it the save divines to his plane and then flew over the icy landscapes of northern canada. Collecting a variety of bundles, phones, poland, and micra, l. G. The samples supported the pieces that living things can survive Long Distance and travel at high altitudes. But in the years that followed arrow biology descended into obscurity. The organism suspended in yeah, somewhat so gotten the ingredients in satellite imagery. We kindled interest in the late 20th century. A scientist discovered unbelievable amounts of suspended micro organisms. She was so scared that pushing else. Oh, i love the way now. When you blow the dust off a piece of furniture, you see that its carried away with the air flow executive. Its the same in the atmosphere. Now, the mass of these particles is so small that once airborne, they stay there and follow the f. O is the fee low call down find smaller to lack researchers, the inter continental transport of desert task. He says roughly 2000000000 tons of sewing or dust rise from the laundries deserts every year, and circulate in the atmosphere. These gigantic tasks around swift scene via satellite images in the 19 ages. Aero biologists spend realized the true extent of circulating aero pine tone. No, but certainly i met you on, you know, i dont know just contains not only mineral matter, but in some cases also living organic material to give you micro organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Im, you know, as soon as the dust is kicked out, it carries this array of living micro organisms to completely new places. This which will be the, its easy for a bacterium, fungal, small all virus to attach to a tiny speck of dust and take flight. The dead winds does upgrades of sand blasting of tiny granules of clay on impact tons of johnston, micro organisms, a sucked into boom and columns, reaching a height of 3 to 4 kilometers the hold up wheel street. Or we can track this task over Long Distances. Also, the supers you satellite images can help visualize the formation of such a cloud over this. The hard as that within several hours. The cloud grows and starts moving to the area. I will say, dont, dont, ill fast forward, or theres what youre telling me what goes set to close mazda pursue days later, you can see these huge dust masses reaching the atlantic ocean. He of us, with a few days later, theyre already over western france. It will cuz theyll likely to send over the british ios or even scandinavia, a precaution was showing us coordinated best weather conditions, high and low pressure areas, boom and cold and current. Either pull the task booms in or blow them away. They foam at highways, but circle the, the a kilometer. If they task cloud can cross the atlantic within a week the, the atmosphere is a true transpose of life. The little above to them at yale, no matter contains chemical elements. And in some instances, nutrients, the touch police desert does transports help balance eco systems on the earth surface. This increases the sofas or the tail the tiny organisms, an arrow pointing tone, travel incredibly Long Distance. They said high altitudes, but how do they travel . And how do they affect the ground . The countless micro organisms eventually touch down somewhere on of the body. Those immediate cas, im valuable, is in catalonia and researching what is known as micro bill deposition. And its connections to Climate Change. Hes working on a major study of micro organisms in the atmosphere almost a year with a key site, but his research is in the spanish baronies the to see the just see we to get some of them out of the, to the mazda metal. Were at an altitude of over 2000 meters, where theres little interference from local air pollution. Im missing better, so we want to capture micro organisms thats right in the atmosphere and travel from continent to cutting it gas in the office instead of going through them done a lot more so that youll be going to do this on. We gathered rainwater in a collector for one week and the sample includes micro organisms in small particle and sequence. We collect these in a filter and bring it to the land and i dont know one of them. Most of my people just get the numbers. I can hear you can see the particle, so like, you know, whats the best part of the water is clear again, because all the particles got stuck in our filter and most of you to, in the, in the part of the plus. What does that make us . But there are organic particles like bacteria, it fun guy, holland, but also in organic ones like clay silicates, can minerals that come from far away, is almost because hes been in front of them with us. What are some of those things as well here, and could be just from africa, for example, the thought which was transported them, yet most fear in the system was washed out by the rain and the light. Thats what were capturing here. The water is probably running. There are thousands of millions of micro organisms in this go through the list. It means that the me unit in griffin is these continuous deliveries of micro organisms are a natural process. That if a cut through out of history, once the particles lined again, the tiny travelers have a Significant Impact on ecosystems. Some bacteria and help boost pond gross. By attaching to them and pulling nitrogen from the others, penetrate the soil, and recycled dead organic monta, viruses and microscopic moans, regulate animal and plant life. So let me throw and these will stick when theyll gain when these micro organisms land in. They can colonize new habitat. We, when she spends an excellent dispersal system for bacteria that them be allowing them to colonize the entire planet. Theres small, reactive biological entities that land in a distant planet is whatever and create new life. Even even though theres already a, somebody thatll be the media cast them i yours team started micro organisms in rain want to the is and with the help of whether data trace the arrow pine tons, pathways the scientists were able to show which region ocean all continent the streams of arrow pine come came from and they discovered some remarkable patterns of the in the summer arrow plant on tends to be local. It rises from the farmlands of spain and northern europe. Above city is rivers and lakes. But in the winter, the major streams of arrow pine come come primarily from the atlantic ocean, bacteria and viruses cross the ocean within 3 days and to send over the mountains. Already had left the middle resort that it was going to be un. What you better when we analyze the initial results of storm savior and joan, we noticed trends that recur annually. This was an amazing discovery. How is it possible that the st micro organisms will appear at the same time every year . I see those up, but its gonna be moving. We know they travel over the sea or emerge from the nature. Here are some plants growing the spring of this growing the summer months and the cycles are mirrored in the atmosphere, so used to speak last time. You know, quarter in, and im with of the streams of arrow pine cones, a not some random mix of species drifting with no rhyme or reason. The microbial mazda is the rise and settle at the own cycles and seasons, just like bands, flowers and bumble bee. The but given that it is the transpose of life, the atmosphere kind also poses a threat among the multitude of microbes calling the skies a some to um say that humans can microscopic aero pine tone. Make us sick. The on the flip flop. Need yes. Most of the people used to talk about my as a medic, explanations when it came to airborne diseases or prevention was impossible. Back then, the method of transmission wasnt really unknown because that meant that all human afflictions, but generally attributed to the environment. You know, some of the, the failed to submit this on this old notion of a noxious atmosphere that makes people sick, has some truth to it. We now know that all microbes and viruses floating in the at which can infect humans, animals, and plants, but flu and foot and mouth disease can spread from bomb to bomb. With the help of the wind over several kilometers, the dad condition is can release legionella which causes potentially fatal pneumonia. The many fungal spawns that enter the atmosphere before settling in the soil. A microscopic ticking time bomb, the resulting you visited the visual, put those in a symbol. There are some pretty dangerous pathogenic fun guy. Quite easy to look. Hospitals are mindful of this because when soil and send them move during construction workers and their adverse wins. This is ask for a deal of sports and other harmful molds can enter clinics and cause epidemic them. No need for you. Well, does it to them . You dont need to be sees of the genus as forgiveness are found everywhere. Youre including in the atmosphere acute, or if they appear in large amount. Theyre dangerous to him. You know, compromise the think girls with a degree of what we escaped to manage the science as shown. Pathogens can spread of a medium distances droplet infection of a very short distances of up to one meter, such as the influenza virus or the virus that causes cobit 19 is also being proven. The font that isnt solid evidence to show that transmission happens over a Long Distances of several 100 kilometers. The reason for them to those few pathogens dangerous to humans can travel very Long Distance is the husband deals at the corona virus was studied in the laboratory, football nobility, and it turned out its very sensitive to alex to yeah, of course, does uv radiation and dryness quickly kill and render a virus harmless when its suspended in the air thats i have no way to treat. If i didnt think of the atmosphere is even more dangerous, but viruses than insects. Only one in a 1000000 microbes survives. Its fine to see the box. Google cool and hold on to the activity, but theres a large numbers of bacteria and seemingly with some pathogens are not get a cause for concern because theyre mostly dead. The only most were talking about traces of genetic material. So spiral bacterial occurs acidic, but not live viruses. This is the views of people. The men say look, you know, its very rare for individual viruses or bacteria to make you sick. A lot. It takes a substantial viral load to become infected because luckily i bodies have Strong Defense and most likely to always will remember who follows the organs. Immune systems. Vigilant napa, the last most Infectious Diseases today transmitted by a different kind of and pump the way through our planes. Passengers on board spread micro organisms all over the planet. In spring time, poland takes its ton on this giant and carousel pollen grains produce themselves. They often travel far and wide, and reproduce with the female gummy of other trees. This is beneficial to many living beings. The dont med johnny. The appalling grains can break, releasing irritants that make pollen outage is a widespread problem. Of the, at the university of little in france, you called all visa and now they issue out studying poland. Theyve captured from the yeah. Theyre examining whether poland grains breakout more easily when they encounter air pollutants in the sky. For let me adjust this the live. What else did they put on the x to . Is this, this pulling has truly exploded on the national to credited. Oh, this is the samples from the books pulled and sees it. It could help cause this isnt for you, isnt for the pulling this practice from this rate or what is it and stuff. Its so mock line that its deflated the, the protective membrane is really shredded. If there, how long does she get this . Of the one for the next week i see its near, we see the broken pole in a for which lost its original reproductive function. You can also see the release of these small particles single, which are dangerous for people with asthma. For by clock, as its immeasurable because all to become friends, of course not all pollen. Greens in the atmosphere are shown here used to mall. Our job is to count them difficulty. Whats the percentage of damage, grand designing splendor they harmful to how a screw is cuz they seem to get through for us on face the researchers want to better understand what happens between a poland grain and a pollutant in the atmosphere. So that recreating this interaction in the power train, the poland is intentionally damaged when, if its a free on a boss from the confidence interval, roles are fallen must suffer. This is the revenge of people with allergies. If i start with a stream of ozone told me that arrives here, and then i dropped the call and into