A class of gases and want to make up the site must be a shielding us from the deadly vacuum of space. And these lands on teeming with life insects seats, poland, and bacteria, floats in the atmosphere. Similar to the tanks on the drink with ocean currents, the tiny organisms dancing in the wind. A cold arrow clanked up to several decades. Arrow biology is focused on these organisms. The pizza, branch of biology, thats long been under appreciated era biologists study the movements of life in the atmosphere, whether the tiny organisms in a cloud, the rain drop or in the cost of a desert wind. Learning about these and born organisms is becoming increasing the relevant things to concerns about bio Diversity Health and the climate. Understanding how they influence our lives and the global animal and plant wealth is increasingly important. Swelling all around us is a valuable and still launch. The mysterious ecology is to be a, for the discoveries just waiting to be discovered. The, the one that i place you on the, to the one to, to receive up here. If you have the feeling youre far away from everything thats presented to them, but thats exactly the point we want to find out if theres life at this altitude and what type of news. If all of you there came in, you have a book in there circling the subject on the wind is blowing at about 20 Kilometers Per Hour on. So a particle travel is a remarkable tony Kilometers Per Hour to sounds like you met. Lets click on city on yeah, im a to, at the institute of chemistry oakland mall fell in central. France wants to learn more about micro organisms in the atmosphere. Today. Hes almost 10 minutes of to prepare them as an altitude of almost 1500 meters to setting up time tom trunk set the observatory traps on essentially vacuum cleaners. The capture dice. Select the tiny apple and travelers when p im a to looks into the skies. He knows that anything bought empty. The atmosphere around us is bustling with life. To skate on most 5th, we understood now almost everything in the atmosphere comes from the earth surface. Okay, and so the mirror image of the ground specified . Oh, certainly not unless its all very dynamic. Its moving, it makes things so mean all day of today wins. Sweep over all of a surfaces staring apple types of particles, lifeless and living there and feasible to the naked eye, but it constantly around us. These particles float up to 5000 meters high and reflect the different type of tests on the ground. The the aerosols, brians about taurus. They can contain leaf dunst, poland, moans, and bacteria, the seo volume. So phone, imagine junky, very excited when its windy. They mixed together to form a kind of footprints of this forest, the which spreads across the whole lands of a single they bone while some of the mississippis as the over a meadow, they might be cross clippings, small insects, and miniscule traces of sheets for over a highway a cloud might form of tie up particles, oil of droplets, and fine dunst. High altitude wins mix the air, results, and transport them far away. The this into mixing happens continuously as it does a variety of life forms in the arrow painting a sweat to long body ad conference the place data boucher and mental well paula shay welk at the National Research institute about agriculture of food and environment in the plan in west and from collecting samples from this fund, a line strunk just positioned in the middle of the fields. Its essentially a joint insect vacuum cleaner. Theres a strong acid, so from the trap. The position in uh, was made through it though, if it, by exact ammonia in a good 12 meters high, they dont get or 40 feet to be exact as well because thats an english remodeled was metal invested the wood up to lay. We dont want to use it to catch insects that fly 2 meters above the ground dumb. But rather oregon is that were swept into the air, goes and travel greater distance point. They dont tell anyone thats into the, into so long since that, that reveals more about the arrow pointing of the whole region for your website on this keyboard. Once you do it on some of the items on wednesday, who is very good. Do the newsletter or even lifeline wrote, this is the nice weather amount of will take it to the land, the insane. So the largest organisms in arrow painted and they can stay in the for a few hours or several days and float up to 1500 meters depending on the size and the wind speed. The dr. Song saying everything, the policies by agricultural Scientists Use the results to warn the farmers of clouds of a fade. So the past the trap operates. Oh yeah, around the clock of the i dont like this is really a lot to its because its a sunny day. Youre going up, i mean, im m as in a said, okay, another one is hiding last because, you know, run another a beat leaf if it, the beatles and flies bugs. Even spite is a tremendous variety of species play a role in the invisible ariel by swelling above us. The comes on medium uh what about just as the account myself as an allergy and small presentations in the c cubic meter of air above our heads contained so many different organisms, all that, that included support on your call and bacteria preventative, but also small insect spider. Did i tell you it was easy to use on say design, you took all the organisms right. The wins like flying compet the and gives them a chance to be nourished, to reproduce. And to so find the weve known about the existence of arrow painting for nearly 200 years. Which is naturalist Charles Darwin noted in his journal during his expedition to the galapagos in 18. 35. The spiders were entangled in the ships rigging many miles from shaw or, and in the 2nd time that the 19th century french scientist louis past, due proved through a series of experiments. The particles were continuously suspended in the yeah, he called them organized coal puzzles, as to is remembered, is one of the fathers of modern micro biology. Tuberculosis strikes meningitis around that time. Scientists discover diseases could be caused by such and bacteria. A new branch of science was born and wrote biology. Scientists began comparing measurements in the same amount of that 55000. 00 bacteria were found in the bustling, dilute as a valley and parents. But any 7600. 00 were found among the trees in a box. In the sweet south hotel even advertised with assign the claimed only 25. 00 bacteria. The, then there was the work of legendary pilot Charles Lindbergh in the 19 searches he attached and it the soup divines to his plane and then flew over the icy landscapes of northern canada. Collecting a variety of fungal, expose, poland, and micro algae. The samples supported the pieces that living things can survive Long Distance and travel at high altitudes. But in the years that followed arrow biology descended into obscurity, the organism suspended. India was somewhat forgotten. The name p. Things in satellite imagery we kindled interest in the late 20th century. A scientist discovered unbelievable amounts of suspended micro organisms. Or she was feel free to push the also i love the way down to when you blow the dust off a piece of furniture. You see that its carried away with the air flow effective. Its the same in the atmosphere. Now, the mass of these particles is so small that once airborne, they stay there and follow the air. So how is the fee low call down find smaller to lack researchers the inter continental transport of desert task. He says roughly 2000000000 tons of sewing or dost rise from the laundries deserts every year and circulate in the atmosphere. These gigantic tasks around swift scene via satellite images in the 19 ages. Aero biologists spend realized the true extent of circulating aero pine tone. No, but certainly i met you on, you know, i dont know just contains not only mineral matter, but in some cases also living organic material to give you micro organisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi, meals as soon as the test is keeps out, it carries this array of living micro organisms to completely new place this with, with the its easy for a bacterium, fungal spa, all virus to attach to a tiny speck of dust and take flight. The desert wins does upgrades of sand blasting of tiny granules of clay on impact tons of dust and micro organisms. A sucked into boom and columns, reaching a height of 3 to 4 kilometers the hold up a wall street. And we can track this task over Long Distances also to see if we see a satellite image is, can help visualize the formation of such a cloud over this. The hard desk that within several hours, the cloud grows and starts moving to the area. I will say the only thing. Ill fast forward, theres will 3 tell what goes set to close mazda pursue days later, you can see these huge dust mass as reaching the atlantic ocean. He of us, with a few days later, theyre already over western france. It dont because theyre likely to send over the british ios or even scandinavia a propulsion was showing us coordinated ex, weather conditions high and low pressure areas. Boom and cold and current. Either cold, the task booms in or blow them away, they foam and highways, but circle the, the columbia test, a task cloud can cross the atlantic within a week the, the atmosphere is a true transpose of like the book to them at yale and up the matter contains chemical elements and in some instances, nutrients, the touch police desert does transports help balance eco systems on the earth surface. This increases the sofas or the tail the tiny organisms, an arrow pointing tone, travel incredibly Long Distance. They said high altitudes, but how do they travel and how do they affect the ground . The countless micro organisms eventually touch down somewhere on us of the body. The immediate cause of manual is in catalonia researching what is known as micro bill deposition and its connections to climate change. Hes working on a major study of micro organisms in the atmosphere and almost with a key science by his research is in the spanish baronies. The to see the just see the coming from out of the 2 dimensions of the metal. Were at an altitude of over 2000 meters where theres little interference from local air pollution. Im using pizza. We want to capture micro organisms that spread in the atmosphere and travel from continent to cutting it gas. Im younger is instead of going through them done a lot more so that you will be going to do this on. We gathered rainwater in a collector for one week and the sample includes micro organisms in small particle and sequence. We collect these in a filter and bring it to the land and i, youre the one of them which, which, which, which, which the most part people us get the most i can hear. You can see the particle. So like, you know, whats not, thats part of the water is clear again, because all the particles got stuck in our filter and was talking to in the, in the particle as long as i, because there are organic particles like bacteria. It fund guy holland. But also in organic ones like clay silicates and minerals that come from far away is almost because hes been in for another. And with us, what are some of those take us about a year and could be just from africa, for example. The 3rd, which was transported them, yet my sphere system was washed out by the rain and the light. Thats what were capturing here. The water is probably running. There are thousands of millions of micro organisms in this building immediately means its gonna be uniform to 100 these continuous deliveries of micro organisms are a natural process that if a cod threw out us history. Once the particles lined again, the tiny travelers have a Significant Impact on ecosystems. Some bacteria and help boost pond to growth by attaching to them and pulling nitrogen from the others, penetrate the soil and recycle data organic matter. Viruses and microscopic moans, regulate animal and plant life. So let me throw and these will stick one ok and when these micro organisms land in they can colonize new habitat and we went to the states an excellent dispersal system for bacteria that im the, allowing them to colonize the entire planet. Theres small, reactive biological entities that land in a distant planet is what an create new life. Even even though theres already a somebody thatll be the media cast them i yours, teens, started micro organisms in rain. Walter, the is and with the help of weather data trace, the arrow pine comes pathways. The scientists were able to show which region ocean all continent the streams of arrow pine come came from. And they discovered some remarkable patterns of the in the summer arrow plant on tends to be local. It rises from the farmlands of spain and northern europe. Above the city is rivers and lakes. But in the winter, the major streams of arrow pine to him come primarily from the atlantic ocean, bacteria and viruses cross the ocean within 3 days and to send over the mountains. Ive already said left. The middle is or thousands quintavius you. I might, you better when we analyze the initial results of storm savior and joan, we noticed trends that recur annually. This was an amazing discovery. How is it possible that the same micro organisms appear at the same time every year . If either a buddys gonna be moving, we know they travel over the sea or emerge from the nature here are some plants grow in the spring of this growing the summer months, and these cycles are mirrored in the atmosphere so useful speak. Last, im going to court in and im with of the streams of arrow, pine cones, a not some random mix of species drifting with no rhyme or reason to microbial mazda is the rise and settle at the own cycles and seasons. Just like bands, flowers and bumble bee the but given that it is the transporter of life, the atmosphere kind of also poses a threat. Among the multitude of microbes circling the skies a some to um say that humans can microscopic arrow, pink tone. Make us sick. The on the flip flop. Yes, smooth bobby. The tape people used to talk about my as a medic. X relations when it came to airborne diseases. Also the prevention wasnt possible back then. The method of transmission wasnt really yet known, because that meant that all human afflictions, but generally attributed to the environment, you know, some of the, the failed to submit this real nice old notion of a noxious atmosphere that makes people sick, has some truth to it. We now know that all microbes and viruses floating indiana which can infect humans, animals, and plants, but flu and foot and mouth disease can spread from bomb to bomb. With the help of the wind over several kilometers, a dead condition is can release legionella which causes potentially fatal pneumonia. The many fungal spawns that enter the atmosphere before settling in the soil, a microscopic taking time bombs, the something you visited, the visual, put those in. There are some pretty dangerous pathogenic, fun guy. The credits to the hospitals are mindful of this because when soil and sand and move during construction workers and their adverse wins, this is ask for deal a sports and other harmful molds can enter clinics and cause epidemic loading and unloading for you. What is it to them you dont need to be . Sees of the team has asked for dealers are found everywhere. Youre including in the atmosphere acute or if they appear in large amount. Theyre dangerous to him. You know, compromise that the gross, you know, the degree of what we keep switching to manage the science as shown. Pathogens can spread of a medium distances droplet infection of a very short distance is of up to one meter, such as the influenza virus or the virus that causes cobit 19 is also being proven. The font that isnt solid evidence to show that transmission happens over a Long Distances of several 100 kilometers. The reason for them to those few pathogens dangerous to humans can travel very Long Distance is so question deals at the corona virus was studied in the laboratory for its vulnerability, and it turned out its very sensitive to alex to yeah, of course, does uv radiation and dryness, quickly kill and render a virus harmless when its suspended in the air. Im sorry, i have no way to treat if i didnt think of the atmosphere is even more dangerous, but viruses than insects. Only one in a 1000000 microbes survives. Its flight c by google. Cool, and hold on to the activity. But theres a large numbers of bacteria and seemingly really some pathogens are not get a cause for concern because theyre mostly dead. The only most were talking about traces of genetic material. So spiral bacterial occurs acidic, but not live viruses. This is the views of people. The men silica its very rare for individual viruses or bacteria to make you sick. A lot. It takes a substantial viral load to become infected because luckily i bodies of Strong Defense and most likely to always will remember who the follows the organs, immune systems, vigilant. Now for the last most Infectious Diseases today, transmitted by a different kind of and pump the way through our planes. Passengers on board spread micro organisms all over the planet. In spring time, poland takes its ton on this giant and carousel pollen grains produce them sounds. They often travel far and wide, and reproduce with the female gummy of other trees. This is beneficial to many living beings. The little med johnny, the pollen grains couldnt break releasing irritants, but make poland allergy is a widespread problem of the at the university of little in france, you called all visa and now the usual all studying poland theyve captured from the yeah, theyre examining whether poland grains breakout more easily when they encounter at pollutants. And this guy for let me adjust this the live. What are the they are in the x to is this, this poland has truly exploded on the national to credit. They know this is the sample from the books pulled and sees it could help cause thats where you can pull the polling this crack. Now, since this rate or what is it, its a subset, so not long that its deflated. The, their protective membrane is really shredded. If theyre how long they should get this well done for the next week to see if its near, we see the broken pollen which lost its original reproductive function. You can also see the release of the small particles to which are dangerous for people with as minus. Thats it for by clock cuz its immeasurable because im truly confident. And of course not all pollen greens in the atmosphere are shown here. Has to mall, our job is to count them difficulty. Whats the percentage of damaged, grand design . Explorers . Are they harmful to how its curious because it seems to the to, for us on said the research is one to better understand what happens between a poland grain and a pollutant in the atmosphere. So that recreating this interaction in the power train, the poland is intentionally damaged. Why do you think so feeling about from the confidence interval roles are falling, must suffer. This is the revenge of people with allergies. If i start with a stre