Is one way of ensuring safe and held the food for everyone. I have chris gloves coming to you from lee goes. Nigeria. Good to have you with us. Heres whats coming up. Why mushrooms up big business and rhonda how to reduce the Environmental Impact of Online Shopping in house to children now learning a satisfaction of growing road foods. While we start the show on the south african coast jelly fish have been striving for millions of years and are among the oldest leaving animals on the planet while even though theyve been around for so long, theyre surprisingly Little Research into these. Lets save marine creatures. Now, scientists to try to find out more about them and the Critical Role the play in ocean. Because systems jelly fish are among foods oldest inhabitants, mass occurrences known as blooms of jelly. Fish happened roughly every 10 years, but in some regions like columbia. And then wed be in coast, they seem to occur more frequently, but its hard to get dr. Jelly fish thrift with the current which makes them difficult to accurately record. Such invasions are usually the result of environmental conditions which lead to a drop in the number of predators. At the same time, that can be facilitated by any increase in temperature, you can increase the temperature. These things will grow foster. You dropped the concentrations of oxygen that will affect sufficient negatively, but it doesnt affect jelly fish. The jelly fish will drive in areas the fish of being forced to events. The invasion has not yet hit south africa. Chris lewis is a jelly fish expert who is familiar with the species, the waters off cape town. So far, 20 spaces, a note here, such as the pretty mouth jelly and the poisonous fox jelly fish. Researches are only now beginning to understand the role that these invertebrates play in the marine ecosystem. Theyre not only so as indicate, the space has to show us when it goes system is out of whack. But they also play be important at all. Thats a pace pcs, as well as printed as an ocean and be close to a different company. Does the actually lock up a lot of carbon into the ocean and when those really fish die, they actually sink to the bottom of the sea floor. And then the following season with wind induced operating, that new things get to be used for by the facts of life in order to grow and start that cycle back again. Theres a lot more to learn about species diversity to very, and a ross has spent just over a decade, studying jelly fish together with other scientists. She wants to build a database of the different types found off the south african coast to determine whether there are any changes in the numbers. But its a huge task. It gets small, but 6 issue. We expect that issue, we get to be in a, out of the tissue and all the take these, this little solution filled with the n a. What we then do is we sequence the d n a and we look at what spaces we are seeing based on the d n a. And what i can say is we are see many, many new things coming up from our collections. Weve only maybe work through about 10 percent of our collections and already we are discovering many, many new species. And so this has been very exciting, but the more the researches understand about jamie fish types and the numbers, the better they can determine changes in the population. And carly them with climactic. This is sandy. Fish certainly seem to feel at home here as the coast of south africa is one of the most species reaching the world. Around 10 percent of all jelly fish is live here, and many can be seen at the cape town aquarium. Each species has its own peculiarities, with some only living in cold water, others in warm chris lewis is responsible for breeding them. Its a complex and difficult task. Each bases has its own parameters. So while theyre getting up some spaces, one to live in warm or cold with a specific period of time, a diet shift, we have some good appreciate you. As a genius patient, we actually have to produce enough to push in order to see them there also some database out of very long left. They left for 6 months or 9 months. So it was nice to have this done by about system where we actually getting use pieces to replace the ones that actually expiring on exhibits as well as the flow in the banks. The ocean is very good at keeping the junior per se, but as the jelly fish growing in the tanks, we actually have to adjust the flow. So that can go up to many, also just become very misshapen and actually die and finish because of that. Many people are fascinated by these aquatic dinosaurs, or a few of them, because many j, the fish are poisonous. Although only a few species are dangerous to humans. Some jelly fish also contain highly rodnick acid and important nutrients like protein. Making them popular food in asia, but theyre not on the menu in south africa, yet. Instead, scientists, you hope to better understand the role of jelly fish within the marine ecosystem. And how its effected by climate change. From one asian secret joe to another of you ever heard of the term keystone species . Well, its an old, this thing that helps hold up ecosystem to give a always theres a one example that is right grease. They are known as ecosystem easy is because they help create new habitats for other species. And they also minimize the impact of climate change. Calling me as b. R oysters are real popular is so we need to protect them. This oyster and these muscles along with scallops. And clamps are by valves. Ocean creatures with 2 attached shells. Fossil records place their age over 500000000 years old before the dinosaurs. And they are found everywhere from the arctic to the antarctic. To the equator, they start out tiny, floating to the water. Oysters and muscles attach themselves to an underwater surface to grow. Well, clams buried themselves in sand. They come in all different shapes and sizes too. They used to be so plentiful that they were given out is free bar snacks. But over fishing cost populations to decrease by 5 percent off shelby race worldwide. Samuel heidi al, away did her ph. D. On the history of oysters and muscles. Weve had this extreme loss of a highly productive habitat from so many places in the world. And people didnt even know that it had happened. The more we learned about how valuable they are to ecosystems, the more devastating this loss because thats because they do some incredible stuff and all the hanging out in the water wherever they grow. Theyre busy cleaning because the majority of buyouts or filter theaters that they still have what, uh, uh, and sketch articles, things at the borders. So feed on those particles, surrogate cats of research to muscles or controlling ego system of the great lakes in the united states. You can imagine a muscle sitting at the bottom of the lake, maybe in 200. If me those depths, you imagine that the want to call them 200. 00 is meet us above that muscle. That single muscle can cycle that column of water in a couple of hours. They use whatever particles they need to grow and excrete the rest in the form that bacteria on the bottom can break down. As you can see on the left, the filter chemicals necessary for plants and animal growth, phosphorus, and nitrogen. These chemicals are present an agricultural run out from fertilizers and can cause toxic algo blooms at high levels. By them is also felt in more than just chemicals. Pilot projects are using them to clean lakes and oceans of micro plastics. Tiny plastic particles hard to see and collect the bivalves, absorb the small ones, and larger particles are excluded in feces which can then be taken out of the water. So we can use these animals to clean up polluted water, but in a closed environment, they can alter the whole eco system. Thats what the researchers discovered in the great lakes. The muscles are native to this area and have cleared the water of nutrients to well. It was quite a deal ization, they figured out of the muscles that live at the bottom of the lake have this much effect on the biology of the entirely in the open ocean. Its a different story here. Muscles and oysters can form re able to support whole eco systems. Oysters are particularly good at this. Overtime researchers grow bigger and bigger and they are very complex. Katie motion, right. So the 1000000000 oyster project which aims to restore 1000000000 oysters to new york harbor by 2035. As the oyster reese grow ocean plants attached to them, which attracts small fish and other animals to become a nursery and a feeding ground for all different kinds of organize. And so hundreds of other species, fish, crafts, little, tiny, antique organisms will make their home and always survey these. Reese, also support of the larger animals, a study of new zealand muscle. Reeves found over 10 times as many fishing of them and see horses have returned to the oysters in new york harbor. Their benefits also extend beyond the structures themselves. Lowest rates of doing is actually protecting the integrity of the world a h. I. System. When a powerful wave comes in from the ocean and hits an oyster read, some of the energy is broken off and lost, meaning the ways that passed that re art is damaging near the shore. This protects fragile coastal eco systems like c grasses, which function of the nurseries for ocean animals. And as carbon sinks, less wave energy also means less coastal erosion. And these ecosystem benefits can also come from farms if theyre sustainably managed. The muscles inside in the system is very beneficial, but most of the day works muscle farmers in south africa to make sure their operations are sustainable as possible. Sustainable fishing practices, for example, trying to ensure that the minimize co interrogations and attendance protected species, muscles are hung from ropes suspended in the water. The animals could become trapped in with the ropes properly anchored. Its extremely red. This happens the also trying to ensure that the muscle fox themselves cannot have an impact on the basic heavy tests that they will paint over in a closed environment like this day, excuse me, from the muscles could cover the ocean floor. So platforms are rotated to make sure they dont overwhelm ecosystems. Bible farms require no feet and no antibiotics as they get everything they need from the water rope, chrome muscles have a Carbon Footprint and 0. 25 kilograms per cubic. For comparison, beef is around a 100 kilograms per kilo. And unlike other methods, it seems like action, waste products from muscles. An oysters can be used in a circular way. How much but who we can use now that we can use it says types of a town actually uses the lift the shelves. It should be mico kenny composed of them as building material. The shells also sequester carbon fiber, just pull up from the water and use it to grow their shops. Crushed up the shelves can be added to concrete instead of limestone. But the best use for the shells is the simplest. Growing more by valves old shelves are often were used for farming, but can also go to Restoration Projects where the shellfish are left in the water instead of eating. These projects are springing up around the world from australia to new york city that weve collected almost 2000000 pounds or shell. Already. The shows are cleaned and placed in cages. Resource or cages are put into shipping containers that weve converted into a way to set oyster alarm high onto shell. Add water from the harbor, then some larvae, and after a week they are babysitters. The cages are then moved into the harbor. As the oyster reef grows, it creates an ecosystem. Well, also benefit in people on shore. We can expect a ton of fish fact yeah, of course the risk to be added to the brain environment of 3 or restoration prices. So one more bible is generally main cleaner waters. The positive impact of muscles and oysters can be doubled through circular uses for their shops and of all of them. Boisterous, are the superheroes filtering, sheltering, protecting and restoring . Thats why we should be doing everything we can to put more of them in our waters or the ring is one thing, but we can all do. That means we never have to worry about the cost of the cost of fruits and vegetables. You know, next report we visit a school right to in uganda where the Young Students are. Weve also seen plastic to grow their own foods fresh and they got into the seat with phoenix and the coverage youll get into that keeps you into bed. And for all of the Young Farmers of said kizzy to high school are successful the produce from their school farm is used to feed their entire student population. The students at the school on the outskirts of compiler already grow vegetables such as cabbages, raised chickens, and farm little fish. No, theyre collecting waste plastic bottles that they use to build vertical gardens in various farms. And to make the most, the remaining growing space. Use it helps us in the way that we plant a lot of different plants we need. We have this come, always need. Um we have the tomatoes, the tv, you know, if you have a small environment to, to them, some of us have poor above ground. But to these have can help as in the way it takes us. But one bottle building as a result garden with mushroom cultures and waste caught in husks for soil inside the harvested mushrooms are sliced and dried for storage. This is cynthia unequal. Dont you call way of using our spacing, the environment where by were trying to avoid all the different for us got down that you can choose day. We dont want this environment anymore. We have to add of it and have come of the solution. Through the projects, the students are learning innovative, eco friendly and sustainable. Growing practices to be self sufficient to, to guarantee a healthy diet. From uganda we had to run to west fall moves, so also called so big thing, mushrooms bought on a bigger scale than those school children. We just met and they believe fund guy are the opposite to many of the was problems. Who were the sold will demand is definitely growing. And most true farming is quickly becoming one of the most of the creative agriculture like to reduce an offer got in the adult human interior of face. Hans, so my gumbo, at least, is cultivating across that could help improve food security. In rwanda waste and mushrooms mazda in the economy and give you a hint that every home you did a whole lot, and i have been cultivated mushrooms for 5 years. Did a robot mean . See the rapid growth set them apart from other crops . When i get a retain 9 and 15 days after cultivation, the mushrooms are ready for sale. Well, when i think it is, im, is that done . Well, i mean, with other cups, you often have to wait 5 to 6 months before they can be harvested. But ill get you over to them. We love with mushrooms and generating revenue within just 2 weeks. You its indeed we have many advantages over other crops. Oh yeah. Yeah. No, thats not behind on any youtube begins at the most out of look on the, on those simon gumbo, every groceries mushrooms in rugal, rama village. One of 15 villages supported by key gully thumbs. Its trains around 700. 00 small hilda from this, and had the hot specially built which the pharmacys for free. It also provides them with production and commercialization assistance. The social enterprise was set up by loan des moines in 2010. Previously, he ran a micro brewery in new york that he wanted to move to africa to do something sustainable with the community impact. And then inspiration hit. As the book got closed and i see them running home mushrooms going to help save the world. And i thought, yeah thats, thats too much, you know, how can help them and how can mushroom saved the world. But i started reading the book and it was very quickly convinced that mushrooms are, it is incredible organisms that can do a lot of good things. If you, you know, if you use them in the right way, they can be good for peoples health. Youre very healthy to eat the very nutritious. They can be very good for the environment because they have a tendency to recycle organic matter into something useful. The Economic Conditions in rwanda are ideal for the cultivation of several varieties of mushrooms and the crop is an ideal solution to one of the problems. The country faces its growing population which currently numbers around to 14000000 and the limited availability of arable land, which encompasses some 1400000 heck to as this indicates that our current Land Resources may not advocacy and show up with security for all citizens in the future, however, which will still seems Viable Solutions for some mushrooms play, a significant role in the circle of bio economy. And its always the issue of negative effects that are cropping vested use in the long time. Thats because its used as a substrate for the mushrooms. Golly. Thumbs provide support to local weak farm is when they harvest. And then vice the wheat store, which is then cemented into substrate. The form is used to burn that quote for as a d contributing to at pollution, the countryside is where you find more agriculture ways that can be converted into mushrooms. So we started with that and then 56 years into it. We started with button mushrooms, no budget mushrooms worldwide is the number one, commercial mushrooms everywhere. Its 90 percent of the of the cultivated mushroom around the world, but it was 0 in rwanda. And its very, very low in africa. Requiring minimal inputs in terms of costs, land and labor mushroom funding is benefiting local communities in rwanda, as well as helping decrease emissions and improve soil quality of the overhead. Since my passions and mushroom plumbing stems from the many benefits, its given me the clubs showing maam is the growing cycle takes around, sorry. Now lets go from what even once its finished, mushroom substrate was retained residual value from it. And we can use it as a high quality mendoza and which is ideal for various crowds, especially vegetables. So the harvest is good for food and level. Cool as a menu say, what hunchback to the on the slides is which the great and the soil, columbus and the crew, and how to work. We chatted with the local to, to, to be what small mushrooms are increasingly seen as an affordable, unhealthy food and a much more environmentally friendly source of protein than meets instead of having your hamburger with beef in it, you could have a vegetarian burger with a, with the mushroom in it, thats just as delicious, much healthier for you and the shelter for the planets. A machine slamming fits well with the rwandan governments plans to make agriculture claim it smells. You. We didnt go easy to design is only 2 teeth. What could i weigh him to integrate climate, Smart Agriculture and so Agriculture Policy goals with, along with the teachers will promote sustainable lighting, environmentally friendly farming methods. We aim to support all forms of agriculture or funding generates organic, fertilize us. This approach not only aids in combating the impacts of climate change, but also diversifies our reliance would be on mushrooms. You wouldnt have doing any resolved for so lo