Transcripts For DW The 20240703

New Solar Energy Project in the tank, a desert of china. Its set to become one of the Worlds Largest and will supply over 2000000. 00 homes with electricity in china as elsewhere, Renewable Energy is becoming lower cost solution, then fossil fuel. The port of albert denmark plates are being loaded for an offshore wind park in the north sea place its, its beautiful. Its a symbol of green energy. Right now the world is going through. Its great is transformation since industrialization. 150 years ago to beach Climate Change, fossil fuels will need to be phased out for Renewable Energy. But is that even possible . And if it is, what do we need to do to successfully make it happen . The it looks a bit like giants performing a dance routine. These rotor blades are among the largest in the world. Soon theyll be turning to the coastal winds of denmarks north sea, providing energy from a source that can never run out. Outboard is a key location for the transition in Energy Production engineer ava nielsen is helping make this transition possible. I remember my 1st a 1st time i saw a late moving. It was lifted from the mold and was moving under the roof. I imagined it that he would just like us is that was as a ship and just moving a both me because it was so huge and douglas, assuming surprised me the long blade and now we have 115 meters the i still get some chris. When i go in production homes and i see its all the end of the whole several hundreds of lead us away, i can see small people up to 18000. 00 households can be supplied with energy from a turbine of this size here in albert german spanish manufacturer siemens can mesa is building some of the largest Wind Turbines in the world. In the future, however, it wont just be about building as big as possible. I believe in the future that would be much more focused on the, on the waste. Our customer will come with them and spend a demand, so we come into the contracts that will have to, to, to improve our folks all the time. So that will the, now its a big news that we can, we can make and recycle blades. But all the time that will be is something that we will need to do because the way we have to improve the way were building. Currently the fiberglass competed blades cant be recycled by 2030 though. All rotor blades made and albert are to be fully recyclable, the zeros angel to form. And once we finish, we close the form and then we put a proxy. So the proxy is easy because it combines all the materials on all the confidence inter together and doesnt make it big. Its like a cake. When we finish baking, we open up the mold, and then we have to bleach. Itll be even more important in the future. That Wind Turbines can be recycled at the end of their service life. As we build ever more of them off shore on the open seas. Where today there are thousands, there will soon be tens of thousands. For me its like a simple off to image. If you have a plate, this is a slice of a bird that out, and i mix of it. This is what you see from the outside is what most people see when they look at the 2 events, what us and yeah, i also look at the insight, we will have this strength where they have to reinforcement so. So its super interesting and its really, really nice. The High End Technology has been good for growth over 20 years. The planted l bork has expanded to provide around 700. 00 jobs. Sarah maci was offered her as well. She was still studying whats really interesting is that when you have this great phone activity produce, you have a lot of modeling industries that kind of follow that. So that means that when we make blades, you need someone who tests them. You meet the, you mean actually stable way to transport it. So you had a lot of growing together when you actually start out with a project list to see what im working with in his physical form and knowing that i was able to help make this. Thats insane. He grabbed the floor and it really gives a lot of joy in my life. And the, and thats invaluable. Denmark is a pioneer in the field of wind energy and a Global Leader in the transition to a Carbon Neutral economy. Lena bar for it is the deputy mayor of copenhagen addressing the issues of technology and the environment. When i was a kid in the style of the seventys, we were hit by the i prize like a lot of other countries. And of course, a lot of or political the resources were put into how can we reduce energy consumption. But also a lot of people in copenhagen in denmark site, id say we want to produce energy that we can be show off. So a lot of people started to look at wind and solar power. Wind power covers over half of denmarks usage, the highest per capita in the world. Mad snip a seals, stat builder of offshore wind farms. The way out see the globe move race against time to fight Climate Change is that there is no competition. The only partners under green transformation and we need to help each other. We need to share or technology innovation. We have across awards with each other, not make it proprietary. Because if its, if one small country convince Great Solutions and it only helps a small country, then it wont have to was. And the rest of europe benefits hugely from denmarks know how and wind energy to while in denmark, wind power already mix up more than half of energy supply. Its only around 25 percent in germany. Denmark shows that this change is possible even without major restrictions on demand. The green transmission that is necessary is not a fault. How can we go back to the stone age showing using the green transition is the possibility to make new lives new way of living. That could be a lot better. How can we completely transition to Renewable Energy . What will that mean for society . These are some of the questions that the pottstown institute for Climate Impact research is addressing this into them. So what else we have z is if you, if we need many, many different technologies and then high quantities we want because of all, finally its when that Climate Policy is over the past 15 years from the r is very important to understand how huge the challenge is some years ago we were discussing that if we dont do anything, then we will have the big Climate Change and that would be terrible. Now we have to say, its not something that would come in the future. Its here now. If we are to achieve sustainable Climate Policy, will need Renewable Energy in 2022 for the 1st time, there was as much money invested into Renewable Energy as into fossil fuels. The majority of europes new Wind Turbines are currently in the north sea, off the coast of germany and england. In a few years. The power generated is set to be able to supply half of the use population. Just a few years ago. These sorts of magnitudes were barely imaginable, but things have changed a development which also benefits german, wind farm operators. Offshore into the flu, and offshore wind was an asset class. Everyone used to laugh about, see if you Wind Turbines offshore and the german nor see or the u. K. The today that is completely changed to all of the backbone of our Energy Transition stand. Rivaling large power plants are offshore. Wind farms are comparable to coal fired plants, even Nuclear Plants will cost the exclusive, the north sea. But also the baltic sea outs. Fantastic potential, especially fall showing is this. I know most of it was a, its a huge, expensive ocean vehicle with potential to build 300 gigawatts. The phone con, 300 gigawatts of power from the wind farms in europes northern seas alone equivalent to over 200 Nuclear Power plants. It could supply up to 300000000 households, a tenfold increase over its current output. The germanys power grid operators are also preparing for the shift you had always, i think everyones realized with the boat succeed in north sea. Other places will most likely be able to generate to future energy reliably with so many countries and to use yes, think about it is on so many industry representatives on board. And so i believe that i think the consensus is that it really has become fluids. The Worlds Largest Wind Turbine Test Center is located in are still off the western coast of denmark. Here theyre looking into how to improve the stability and efficiency of the turbines. Theyre to withstand the forces of nature for 20 to 25 years and came out of conditions that were considered untenable just a few years ago. A super calm, but youll also see the really rough wind what it can do and how these structures play with nature. So when its really windy, you couldnt really hear that the wind is pulling in the plates. As a Wind Turbines, output increases sodas, its cost effectiveness, increased efficiency, ultimately impacts the price of electricity for end consumers, both for household and for industry. We started to interstate in 10 years ago with a much smaller turbine, that was 6 megawatts in size. And i think it never becomes routine because every year, every 2 years, we expand that the turbine size is significantly even when the wind is blowing. The pace of the use transition to climate neutrality is determined by the speed of adoption of greener energies. Northern European Countries will need a considerable amount of Wind Turbines as they build out their networks on sea and land. Its why s b or denmark has built to europes largest shipping hub for Wind Turbines. In just a few years, all of these here will be supplying electricity also to new Industrial Centers that are being built along the new energy network. Vivians and us noise. I believe it will see industrial companies, new investments and locations aligning with where energy is particularly green and where is particularly cheap. So i think theres a close connection between transformations and Energy Systems and feature industrial policy Industry Party taking that to the international Renewable Energy agency has also noted a correlation between Sustainable Energy supplies and economic up turn it even the it transitioning to Renewable Energy is the project of the century, which means rebuilding our industrial structures. Irina is predicting a 380 gigawatts target for 2030 different 2000 gigawatts by 2015 years in food sake. Those are global targets. 2000 gigawatts is enough to provide a 5th of humanity with power to progress, especially where wind energy is concerned is astonishing. Nevertheless, the pace of expansion would have to pick up significantly to hit that self imposed target. And prices would need to continue to fall precedence customer marketing kind of this does via weve had a few stream, the inspiring developments and technology and with folks of all tax. But weve seen that the cost of energy being generated by the palms, a full and by a factor of 10. 00 between 201020. 20. See lets press the tight gate and titles and see and on. So i told him, tons which does this awesome, but the 2nd pillar of the Energy Transition is solar power. It to has seen rapid technical advances. The 1st solar power plants used thermal heat to generate power mirrors focus, solar radiation on to a tower generating temperatures of up to a 1000 degrees celsius minerals such as salt or melted. They store the heat, which can then be used to power turbines and generate electricity at night, or in bad weather. Theyre known as concentrated solar plants, initially expensive to operate. They are now experiencing a technical and economic renaissance in madrid, jose luis, at a narrow works for a major Spanish Technology group, analyzing Investment Opportunities and Renewable Energy. And those type in the office. But i dont understand a long, one of the, a, from a technological perspective. I mean, were striving to be at the forefront by using the latest solar panel models and technology. So what id like by facial panels or finding out the best way to optimize our inverters and things like that. The best thing for you guys are going to do. The prospects for growth in foldable takes in spain are incredibly promising. All of the necessary conditions are here in the plenty of land, solar energy, so well connected infrastructure and being motivated supporters for actively developing project. The, the name of spain has invested extensively into new solar plants now and its funny is read in the country enjoys very low production costs for solar power when compared to many other parts of europe. The constant advances in technology are now also leading to smaller systems with the centralized applications. The concentrated solar process remains essentially the same. Mirrors focus the sunlight, directing it on to a storage medium. In this system, water in a drainage system is heated. The steam drives the turbine, which in turn generates electricity. Thats fed into the grid, the if the spanish in the north sea regions, existing capabilities were utilized optimally. They, with the help of the sun and wind, could cover much of use energy requirements, something becoming more and more possible with the following costs of Renewable Energy. When they might just says on an end the month as of yet thats a lot to use and you can see that we went on my way to a system thats not based on fossil fuels with you know, but on renewables. By the end of it, it gives us the fundamentals of that. But the question remains to how do i scanned it . So often times before the worst case clinic catastrophe occurs. Um, it does have tied to chrome. Well just, well do. Well do the students to keep my kids school thoughts of in the how do we scale up the Building Blocks for such a system . Scientists around the world are asking themselves the same question in berkeley, california. Professor john lynn together with beijings ching, while university is researching the influence, Energy Generation has on Climate Change. In the past, people typically assume going cleaner and greener inc. From your technology, your economy didnt cost you more. Is no longer the case in china as a l square. Renewable energy has to be coming lower cost solution then fossil fuels. In china, 2 developments in Sustainable Energy generation are seeing a rapid upswing industrial waste plants in areas no longer being farmed or turning into gigantic solar farms. Around 80 percent of the countrys Rising Energy needs are still met by fossil fuels. But thats that to change. China wants to double its solar and wind Power Capacity by 2030. This would place the large country alongside the European Union as a Global Leader in the transition, the dig into 4. 00 per 2nd. Were projecting that 60 percent of Global Investment into Energy Transition will happen in asia, in the 40 percent of thoughts in china. And, you know, it takes sort of a coordination on massive scale. Theres still a lot of a so called bond pump in the road as your transition, so completely to or Carbon Neutral economy. But Climate Change is a Global Challenge that would require a global collaborative actions from all sectors of the world, both public and private, both industry, government and the citizens. Large solar parks are being built on the water and in the mountains to an infrastructure is also coming along high capacity power lines that carry electricity to where the worlds 2nd largest economy needs at most in its Industrial Centers and large mega cities analysis. They have demonstrated that as clean energy become cheaper than the traditional fossil fuel energy, youre going to save money for consumers and manufacturers for the money saved can be recycled. So we Economy Investment in consumption. That will lead to a higher level Economic Growth and more jobs. A new solar plant is currently under construction in the tank of desert. Its set to become one of the largest in the world, supplying more than 2000000 households with electricity. Projects of this magnitude dont only directly impact chinas Energy Industry given the science of chinese economy was that these had to move to a certain direction able to effect the Technology Costs and innovation process globally decreasing costs and increasing efficiency. If the potential of solar and wind energy is harnessed consistently a full transition could succeed on a global scale. Worldwide, researchers are currently hard at work on technologies to advance Energy Generation. In california is silicon valley. There is a special focus on materials research. The Scientific Community sees this is vital to the transition to Renewable Energy. The hope is to increase the efficiency of production thats making it even more affordable. In order to achieve these goals, we need to understand on an atomic level how energy and matter interact. Stanford university is home to the Worlds Largest linear particle accelerator with this 3 kilometer long machine. Researchers want to find out how certain materials can absorb, store, and transmit energy with as little loss as possible. Professor norbert whole camp played a key role in the machines design. The german american has an International Research group, the cutting funding industry stuff out of the might not. I mean, because the california is california or isnt like the rest of america just about the telephone use in many ways a trail place. You see here and all team is you look around it as good as a spectrum of nations is defined in some ways to approach things to up. Its great and also getting the front of the toys. We all the answers on the mail and we worked very closely with several gym and she should have a whole pa, tooth around the well, got your dependent korea and south career course. Really honest. And many of the countries that come visit to us and on the use of facilities. Yeah, ill collaborate with us. Come and come back again as guest research. As soon as customers are traveling the gulf, sleeping with this gigantic machine around 3000 researchers are hunting for the smallest particles of matter in order to understand how they affect certain materials and how those materials can be further improve the skins avoid us. Then an excellent, were showing interest in this building the electrons or accelerate ceilings and then the Kinetic Energy is converted into x right causes pain. Those x right pulses are extremely intensifies as being about a 100000000 times more intense than any other x rays or how we show. And then what we physically screen here. And let me do this in science. This can use this lots of materials were searching can on much they are portions of a time. There were very few lasers in the world like this one that this one was 1st demonstrated here in 2009. And ill get to show that Something Like this does in fact well. And then suddenly, within 10 years, lets say there were 7 more stuff in the wall. I talked events, a game in 2009. It was proven that a laser shot at matter over a very long distance, leaves immeasurable mark at an atomic level. Institutes and laboratories can testing basic research in these areas, have sprung up alongside the stanford particle accelerator. This is where the materials are created. That will one day help with our energy needs. Steve eyeglass leads one of these laboratories. In this lab, we develop new materials and chemistries for batteries, new architectures for putting batteries together. We develop scalable processes for manufacturing those materials at large scale for the worlds Energy Transition. And we make small batteries that we can actually test and use in real operating conditions. The Battery Technology is currently developing much like the way micro chips have becoming increasingly smaller and more powerful. Without ships, modern life would be wholly inconceivable. The same goes for batteries to they are necessary for the transition away from fossil fuels. Yet theyre still too heavy and too expensive for many applications. A race in Global Research has been happening in this field to so touched is just the feeling much we are in the big places in deep truth fits in order to truly usher in this new era. You materials will need to be tailor made to specific easily. So if youre under no solution getting him to move this guy to have that possibility to assemble materials like that code, pretty much they are just as you want them to ball and view them. Its a big challenge because lots of people are working on it was always for the limited success for what the most it will have a huge impact in almost vehicle when does the 4 cases, the 8 and a half 1000 kilometers away from stanford in copenhagen, chase vega, its a Global Research group at the Technical University of denmark. It compares world wide scientific findings and makes them avail of the researchers. The key concept in what were doing is developing whats called materials acceleration platforms. And they, uh, you can think of them as scientific legal blocks that you can construct with legal blocks and different colors from Different Countries to solve or to build the specific castle that you are interested in, in building. So its you can say, continue is the operating around the world, 247, gathering the data thats needed, controlling experiments and equipment at other places its, its really a Global Challenge. And the Global Solution research so elaborate and complex that it would be in conceivable without International Cooperation and exchange once a year for a lens falling wall science Summit Springs together leading experts, scientists, vega, and whole have also been invited. The hot topic at the moment is artificial intelligence, with the immense amounts of data from Global Research a i could help find the most promising approaches faster than any human could. He, i guided discovery is really key to what we do. But having the right players in the wall room is actually essential. So yes, we can do a lot with artificial intelligence. But imagine that Processing Techniques that are required for that specific material to not scale. We need the input from the produces the Manufacturing Industry to get that into grades into the design process. The systems are developed a gradual process, which sometimes if youre lucky can lead to join it. Steps forward and cycles will just refer to this problem, of course has to be solved globally. And if i thought enough to just solve one problem, but if you want to make this a better, well, you really have to cycle hold of and the best. So that in my but as i live, im good. Singapore is considered a major hub for research into future technologies. Theres a high concentration of world renowned universities in the small city states. Many Research Institutions are collaborating with large globally active companies. On the advanced technologies of our time, the goal is to Test Research results quickly identifying any applications for industrial mass production. So that success is, can hit the market as fast as possible. The professor used institute to is focusing on research into new Semi Conductor materials. Theyre used to convert solar energy into electrical energy. The particular attention is being paid here to a mineral called pair of skates. Its special crystal structure, insures higher efficiency and solar cells. So thats how they make a power sky to face the attendance on ourselves. So this our powers collab, this the boxes and because the powers guys are very sensitive to the most here, and also oxygen and a here are you thinking about. So we have a feel wondered person to an average, and at the most fair and the which allow us to make a deficient on a stable power. Scott and just solar cell continued to solve the layers. Why is the power sky otherwise ill go on it . And this the why is the way things which are pen g t and the 3523. 4 percent, which is the what is like or for just because of have all the solar cells the higher the efficiency, the more electricity generated chevrolet, money work, on the sort of services and so there are kind of like a, a bridge between the rumors that you and the industrial and the here we want to a set of ways of transition funds a lot for the x ray, the National University of singapore. It has a reputation comparable to that of stanford in the us or oxford in britain here, Interdisciplinary Research is being conducted into future Green Technologies with a focus on solar power. I think we shouldnt be optimistic. We just take solar energy and example 20 years of always us. Now the cost difference is 200. 00 times difference. We never use fast to be so cheap. So the only available um which it is if we pick the solar energy, as example, we started 20 years ago, few dollars per kilowatt, right . And over the years through the continues, if us of many researchers. And theres actually mix in terms of the size that we can expect. Now actually, and some of the places in the world is only like a few cents per kilowatt. Something crucial for the future of solar energy. One of the leading centers for research in this field is the California Institute of technology. Solar cells using new materials are developed here. Professor Harry Atwater researches their development when i began my work in solar energy in the world had less than one megawatt total across the entire world of solar power. We now have as of last summer, more than one terror. What electric power generated by sort of attacks. So a 1000000 failed growth. Thats just under a quarter of Renewable Energy sources total output. But of course nowhere near enough for a complete global transition, its estimated that 20 terrel watts will be needed to meet this goals. Researchers like add water, hope to keep improving their materials. Internal science is a platform for innovation for Sustainable Energy. Its a very, very powerful platform because almost all the Renewable Energy technologies that we are working on now, whether they be solar cells, fuel cells, batteries, electric chemical cells that make hydrogen or uh, you know, reduce c o 2 and do all of the things that were trying to do, to build the Sustainable Energy economy. They all rely on materials. Something being researched all around the globe in order to move as quickly as possible. Researchers need to work closer together than ever before. Developers of, of new technologies, new materials have fantastic equipment available, fantastic resources experts and different domains different places. But we need an infrastructure that supports that we can use that and Exchange Data to perform the experiments that im most essential to gather the missing piece of information thats needed. To further development of, of the new materials. We need to discover new materials that have Higher Energy density for electricity storage. Due materials that can produce higher solar to electric or solar to fuel conversion efficiency. We were able to achieve record efficiencies for generation of hydrogen from water splitting. That actually was a collaboration with the Technical University of illinois now in germany. Yet another example of successful International Cooperation on to germany, to the gentleman l university of technology that the Engine Energy Research Institute here was founded with the aim of bringing individual areas of research together. Experiments to test the Practical Applications of research for industrial processes are carried out as quickly as possible. Together with his colleague add water from pasadena, professor thomas han apple is conducting research into the components of the 21st century is most important resource, Semi Conductors. They can be as tiny as they are complex and made up of different layers of materials to create perfect harmony within that layering. A mastery of basic materials is required to understand how they all work together. The goal here is to achieve the greatest efficiency possible you really have to understand things down to the atomic level to get the main components to ultimately run flawlessly. And the elemental reactor can heat matter up to 1000 degrees celsius. At that temperature, materials can reach a perfect level of purity. Once the Semi Conductors are free of impurities, they can be assembled like a lego set and stacked in layers and studies. Doing so helps improve the efficiency of existing Semi Conductor materials and could allow for the creation of completely new materials. Now you can basically see the actual reactor. Heres the sample. Heres what the gas comes in, flowing over the sample. Air, it takes another minute to reach its boiling point, once the pressure and the re to resume. So i can start the process for temperatures that were no aiming for this sample, which are the kite. On 1000 degrees, the temperature is slowly rising. Connecting such highly complex research to Practical Applications like this is unique of reactors like the one in elma. Now are also used in industry. Everything thats needed for swift implementation on a large scale, its already on hand. So this combination is pretty original. Standing up on what the locations may have comparable approaches. The fact that we do this moment thing, not here. Directly linking of science and industrial process, these people, its just the solution which i believe was unique and the worlds design speed isnt everything, but its highly important in the race to a green or future or for a long time governments had other priorities. The focus was on the use of fossil fuels and research and to Nuclear Energy gets us to sort us, we are looking for and whats happened really. We lost them over 15 years as a global emissions continue to rise. I said its, weve also realized that the effects of Climate Change and much more dramatic than we thought 15 years ago at that time, thats in 10 minutes. We need to have even more aggressive climate target. The speed of transformations needed to get from our current state to in the missions neutral systems, we needs to increase off the image source not try window on the shrunk from 50 or 70 years, like from just 25 of frequent santiago. So thats why scientists are under pressure to deliver results that can quickly reach industrial maturity. Additional ideas are being pursued today. That sound a bit like science fiction. Like harnessing the power of the oceans or capturing solar energy in space. At the California Institute of technology, the space solar power project is pursuing the bold plan of collecting solar energy directly up where the earths atmosphere doesnt get in the way from there. It could then be beam to relay stations on earth. From the were demonstrating here today a couple of small scale, very small scale prototypes of the photo voltaic cells being designed for the space solar power project. The space or power project is aimed at building the components of an ultra light, very large scale solar Power Generation system in space. So every satellite in space nowadays uses solar panels to powered Satellite Operations are typically satellites are relatively compact structures. There are a few 100 kilograms at most, but what were aiming to do with the space or power project is developed, scalable fabrication methods for building very large scale Power Systems that could go to the megawatt and you know, hundreds of megawatts scale in space. And which would allow us to wirelessly transmit the power back to the earth and use it on earth. Even this experiment in space would not have been possible, had it not been for the great leaps, made in materials research. Photo vol techs have seen incredible breakthroughs. Yeah, well it turns out that the materials that are most suitable, in fact, are inspired from some of this work that we have done in fordable tags and solar fuels because they are Semi Conductor materials and insulating materials. The kinds of materials that we use in, in, in those other lines of research. In january 2023, a prototype of a self unfolding solar array was launched into space for the 1st time. With it, professor ad waters team hopes to see how feasible a future solar farm could be. Each one is expected to measure 3 kilometers by 3 kilometers, at least to start the ideas to assemble several such elements into giants solar farms. For the big advantage is that it is never night time and space. If you go far away from the earth to a g, a stationary orbit, and you point your solar collector at the sun. It is noon on a sunny day 24 hours a day. And as a result, you generate on a day night cycle basis, much more solar power in space than you do on earth. In space, there is no limitation to neither sun nor size. The energy harvested could then be beam to receiving stations on earth in the form of electromagnetic waves the very much like the way your cellphone, or your mobile phone works, where you transmit a signal from a antenna to your phone or from your phone to the base station, we can use the same frequency radiation to transmit power from space to the or a breakthrough was reported in march 2023. For the 1st time, the solar array prototype sent electricity back to earth. So the Technology Works in principle. It will be years though, before it can be used in practice at stanford and around the world. Researchers are thinking far ahead about making a full Energy Transition possible below probably to, lets say were racing towards what i put on energy revolution. That might sound dramatically fast, but instead of future prospect that she to show us and say, listen, we need to get young people excited about stem professions, about Renewable Energy use it so that they joined as soon as possible. That has to happen. These fuels have many jobs waiting for them. They just dont know it yet because we need them. The balkans, the science and Technological Innovations have made tremendous progress in recent years. And in the major industrialized nations and around the world, the political will for transformation is there. But there is still a long way to go before green energy is powering every thing on earth. We dont know yet. How would we be in 20 or 30 years . But who have to sign on it and some of the decisions we take now. We know that may be in 1520. Yes. We will look back and say that was a wrong decision. But we have to try today. Not simply, someday actions need to be taken that bring us towards the Sustainable Energy of our future. 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