2University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, England 3Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England 4Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England 5Patient and Public Involvement Team, RATE-AF Trial, West Midlands, England 6NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England 7Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, Birmingham, England 8Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, England 9Deep Medicine, Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England 10Cardiology Clinical Academic Group Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, England