Four decades of advancing computing for discovery The Office of Science has been investing in applied math and computational science for 40 years, leading to world-class infrastructure and research DOE/US Department of Energy A frame from the animation "ESnet: Visualizing the Universe at 100 Gbps," which featured a simulation that tracked the evolution of the universe from its homogenous dawn 13.7 billion years ago to today. (Image courtesy of ESnet) In 1980, home computers had been available for five years, Sir Tim Berners-Lee established the precursor to the World Wide Web, and hard disk drives held a mere five megabytes each. That year, the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Energy Research – now the Office of Science – had a small but dynamic program in applied mathematics, advanced computing, and networking for scientific research. Forty years later, the program, now called Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR), still supports advances in scientific progress and computing, as described in the new ASCR@40 report.