Higher education reforms April 28, 2021 The single most important factor that determines the quality of both undergraduate and postgraduate education is the quality of faculty. At present, only about 25 percent of the faculty members in our universities have PhD degrees, and the ratio of PhD level faculty to student is a dismal 1: 100 approximately. It should be 1: 20, or preferably 1:10. Clearly, the HEC should have focused on training thousands of bright young men and women at top universities abroad, and then attracting them back through offer of jobs in universities, good salaries, research grants, and access to libraries and equipment. The ex-chairman, Dr Tariq Banuri, did exactly the opposite.