How Artificial Neural Networks Help Us Understand Neural Networks in the Human Brain Experts from psychology, neuroscience, and AI settle a seemingly intractable historical debate in neuroscience — opening a world of possibilities for using AI to study the brain. Jul 27, 2021 | Andrew Myers Image Neuroscience is a relatively young discipline. This is especially true in relation to the physical sciences. While we understand a great deal about how, for example, physical properties emerge from atomic/subatomic forces, comparatively little is known about how intelligent behavior emerges from neural function. In order to make traction on this problem, neuroscientists often rely on intuitive concepts like "perception" and "memory," enabling them to understand the relationship between the brain and behavior. In this way, the field has begun to characterize neural function in broad strokes.