Background It has been five years since Hong Kong Competition Ordinance (the "Ordinance") first came into effect. Since then, the Hong Kong competition law has gradually grown into a more developed, full-fledged and mature regime. This year has been a particularly meaningful one in the its development, with several "firsts" including the first infringement notice issued and the first judgment on the calculation of pecuniary penalties. The enforcement focus of the Hong Kong Competition Commission (the "Commission") is by no means limited to corporate entities. It also set its eyes on the personal liability of individuals involved in the contravention of competition rules