They are right now. Neel kashkari helped pull the nation out of our last economic crisis. Now with the Federal Reserve, he has a frank view of what must be done to save the economy from coronavirus. Having been on the front line of the 2008 financial crisis, and i saw how devastating that was, we did get through it. We will get through this crisis. Rightwing populism is making a notsosubtle comeback in europe. We found an interesting example in hungary, where a Government Program intends to stimulate birth rates by taking over fertility clinics, offering free treatments, giving cash loans, and even subsidizing minivans for young, married couples who become new parents. Im lesley stahl. Im bill whitaker. Im anderson cooper. Im jon wertheim. Im scott pelley. Those stories, tonight, on 60 minutes. ticking togethe a hand especially now with 6month payment relief. Buy a new ford, well defer 3 payments and make 3 payments for peace of mind up to 6 months. Shop at ford. 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Food and Drug Administration and the National Institutes of health are now slashing red tape to expedite research so promising vaccines and therapies can be developed as quickly as possible. To date there is no proven medical way to stop this coronavirus no treatment, no vaccine. The best defense has been tried andtrue Public Health measures social distancing and hand washing. But the rapid spread of the deadly virus prompted medical researchers the world over to go on offense. Old medicines are being dusted off and repurposed, new vaccines are being developed in government and commercial labs. We went to omaha, nebraska, where one of those drugs is being tested on some of the sickest american patients. At the university of Nebraska Medical Center, one of the eerier scenes weve witnessed in recent weeks. Cocooned inside that bubble, called an isopod, a 36yearold woman unlucky to have been infected with the new coronavirus, but lucky to be here. This facility was one of the first in the country built for outbreaks like this. Some of the sickest patients from the diamond princess cruise ship were taken there. Quarantined in yokohama, japan, more than 700 passengers and crew contracted the virus, including 67yearold american carl goldman. He was quarantined here for a month. We had to talk to him through thick glass. Carl goldman when we landed in omaha, more officials came onboard with hazmat suits. They unloaded me, put me on a stretcher. They were wheeling me through passageways that were deserted then up an elevator, and then into a room that was set up as a biocontainment room. Whitaker they moved you to a biocontainment room . Goldman yeah. Whitaker dr. Angela hewlett is the medical director of the biocontainment unit, equipped to care for patients with highly contagious, dangerous diseases. Built in response to the 2001 anthrax scare, the unit is isolated from the rest of the medical center, with its own ventilation system, security access and highly trained staff about 100 nurses, therapists, Critical Care and Infectious Disease doctors. How many patients can you treat at one time . Dr. Angela hewlett we could actually accept up to probably eight patients in the biocontainment unit, totally dependent on how sick they are and how much equipment is required. Whitaker how many facilities like this are there around the country . Hewlett we have ten Regional Treatment Centers with those capabilities. Whitaker given the scope of this outbreak, that doesnt seem nearly enough. And when i see the isopods being used to bring people into this facility, that makes me think that this is pretty bad. Hewlett if we had a a therapeutic agent that we knew worked, or if we had a vaccine that could help prevent the spread of this illness, then you know, then this would be something a little more controllable than what we have now. Whitaker researchers at the university of Nebraska Medical Center modeled a worst Case Scenario in the u. S. Over the course of a year, 96 million cases of covid19; 4. 8 million hospitalizations; almost a halfmillion deaths. Scientists hope the measures the country is taking will keep the worst from happening, but the urgency of this moment has medical researchers all over the world racing to find some way to fight the killer virus. Last month, the National Institutes of health tapped the Nebraska Medical Center to launch the first Clinical Trial in the u. S. Of an antiviral drug, remdesivir, which is administered intravenously to treat patients who have already contracted the virus. Its being tested against a placebo. Hewlett it was actually studied in ebola, interestingly. Didnt work as well for ebola. However, there have been some Animal Studies as as well as some studies in the lab that demonstrate that it worked fairly well against illnesses like sars and mers, which are also coronaviruses. Whitaker how does the drug work . Hewlett it inhibits replication of the virus, and so when a virus would normally try to reproduce itself, this drug inserts itself into that process and then stops viral replication, so it stops reproduction of the virus. Whitaker this Clinical Trial is up and running in the middle of this outbreak. Hewlett i will say this is the fastest Clinical Trial that ive ever seen come to to fruition in this amount of time. Whitaker ordinarily, how long would it take to get a trial up and running . Hewlett that can range from many months to to years. Whitaker the maker of the antiviral remdesivir, Gilead Sciences in california, is ramping up production to provide multiple Clinical Trials in the u. S. , asia, and europe. The u. S. Army also is testing the drug. With no proven treatments, hundreds of trials of different drugs are underway worldwide. Researchers in the u. S. And china are investigating whether the common antimalarial drug chloroquine and related drugs might inhibit the virus. In new york, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals is testing a cocktail of antibodies to see if they can temporarily boost immune systems to fight the virus. Scripps research in san diego is using a robot to go through its Extensive Library of existing drugs looking for antiviral compounds to send to labs around the world to test if any combination might prove effective in combating the new coronavirus and quell the pandemic. Kate broderick i cant express to you the pressure that i personally feel under, and i think the whole Scientific Community feels under. Theres a great deal of responsibility in working towards a solution for this outbreak, literally as its happening. Whitaker scottishborn Kate Broderick is Senior Vice President of research and development at Inovio Pharmaceuticals in san diego. Employees are working against the clock to create a vaccine to prevent people from ever getting the virus. Inovio is using d. N. A. Biotechnology, cutting edge science that has yet to produce a marketable vaccine. How optimistic are you that this is the solution . Broderick i feel very confident in the technology that weve developed here at inovio, and i feel very cautiously optimistic that our vaccine will be effective when we test it in the clinic. Whitaker inovio has already started testing its vaccine on animals and expects to start human trials next month. The companys race to create a vaccine was triggered by this the genetic sequence of the new coronavirus. Chinese scientists posted it online just weeks after the outbreak was identified. Broderick all we need is that genetic code. So its just a series of as, and ts, and cs, and gs that make up the blueprint to the virus. We use a computer algorithm to generate the design of the vaccine. So we plugged in the viral sequence. And after three hours, we had a fully designed vaccine on paper. And then, after that, the stages to manufacture went straight into effect. Whitaker three hours . Broderick yeah, absolutely. Whitaker is that unusually fast . Broderick certainly, if youre thinking of traditional vaccines. They take months to years. These little parts of the virus. Whitaker using the genetic code, inovio scientists are able to zero in on the part of the deadly virus, these spikes, that attach to human cells. They then recreate that bit of coronavirus d. N. A. In the lab. The synthetic snippet of virus is grown inside bacteria. After sloshing around all night, there are thousands, if not millions of copies of the synthetic d. N. A. Filtered and processed it looks like this. The vaccine is made from this liquid. Broderick then its injected into the subject or the patient. And your own body is able to react and mount what we call an immune response against that part of the virus. Stephen hoge i dont feel like we get to choose when an epidemic happens. We just get to decide how were going to respond. And what weve decided to do is try and use our platform to bring forward a safe and effective vaccine. Whitaker former emergency room doctor stephen hoge is president of moderna, a boston area Biotechnology Company also working on a vaccine. We met dr. Hoge shortly after the c. D. C. Recommended social distancing. Teaming up with the n. I. H. , moderna started human trials last week in seattle, where the north american outbreak took hold. 45 Healthy Volunteers will receive injections over six weeks and be monitored for a year to see if the vaccine is safe. Moderna started work on the vaccine as soon as china posted the virus genetic sequence online. So how long did it take you to go from getting this Genetic Information to actually having a vaccine ready for human trial . Hoge 25 days. It was released to the clinic within 42 days. Dr. Tony fauci called it the i think the world indoor record. But its definitely faster than we think anybodys done before. Whitaker modernas process pushes the envelope of biotechnology. Its scientists manipulate the genetic code to instruct cells what to do in this case trigger the bodys immune system to fight the new coronavirus. Hoge once you realize that you can essentially put a softwarelike program into a cell the opportunities to address human disease are pretty broad. Whitaker how did your relatively small biotech get to be the first one to go into human trials . Hoge some of that has the advantage of the technology were using. It allows us to move incredibly quickly when we have a pandemic situation like the one were in. Whitaker so you you have never brought a vaccine to market using this technology. Hoge no. We have not. Whitaker have not . Hoge we have not yet. Whitaker the National Institutes of health is collaborating with moderna to accelerate the development of a coronavirus vaccine. They hope to start a second phase of human trials in a few months. The whole world is sort of watching and waiting. So, if you find that this works, when will people be able to start getting vaccines . Hoge well, if were able to show theres a clear benefit were going to need to be able to make sure that its accessible to everybody who needs it. And so weve actually already started the investment to scale up supply into the millions of doses. But ultimately what we really need to focus on is generating the Clinical Data that shows that the vaccine, in fact, does have a benefit, that its safe and effective. Whitaker this is the purest form broderick this is this is the purest form of the d. N. A. Whitaker Kate Broderick of inovio told Us Technology is accelerating vaccine development, but its no match for peoples expectations. What is the realistic timeline for this vaccine being administered to the public . Broderick were hoping to have our vaccine tested in what we call a large, phase two trial by the end of the year, which would be potentially hundreds, if not thousands, of subjects being treated. But to have it rolled out to the public is likely to take longer than that. Whitaker so the best Case Scenario is more than a year. Any way to speed up that process . Broderick really, i i have to say, were going as absolutely fast as we possibly can. Whitaker with the number of people with the virus growing exponentially and deaths climbing inexorably that timeline just doesnt seem fast enough. With so much human suffering, hospitals in the u. S. , europe and japan have given several hundred desperate patients the experimental antiviral drug, remdesivir, for what is called compassionate use. Thats the drug being studied in Clinical Trial at the university of Nebraska Medical Center. Hewlett we want to make sure that, you know, were not giving drugs to people that could have side effects. Whitaker now i know you dont know whos getting the drug and whos getting the placebo, but from what youve observed of the patients who are in the trial, what have you seen . Hewlett so we have seen patients improve. Hewlett but it its hard to tell if they wouldve just gotten better on their own, or if was due to the drug. And thats the reason that we really need to study this drug in this fashion. Whitaker director of the c. D. C. , dr. Robert redfield, told congress this month we should know in a matter of weeks whether remdesivir is effective. But until a proven treatment and vaccine are available to fight this pandemic, doctors and researchers will keep working at a fevered pitch. Is this like a race to get to a vaccine . Hoge not really. Whitaker how would you describe it . Hoge theres a lot of fear out there right now. And there is a competition, but its not between the companies. Its between all of us and the virus. Its not us and them. Its us versus it. And the only way were going to beat the coronavirus is all working together. No one group, no one company can possibly expect to do this alone. ticking for more on coverage of the coronavirus, go to 60minutesovertime. Com sponsored by coroguard. I took your advice and asked my doctor to order cologuard, that noninvasive colon Cancer Screening test. The delivery guy just dropped it off. Our doctor says it uses advanced science. 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