Metal mixtures in cord blood linked with reduced birth size Mixtures of toxic metals in umbilical cord blood were associated with reduced birth size, according to a new study led by researchers at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. The study, which was published May 14, 2021, in Environmental Health Perspectives, analyzed data from a group of more than 1,000 pregnant women in Bangladesh who had been exposed to metals from multiple sources. The researchers looked the birth weight, birth length, and head circumference of the women’s newborns, and also measured the amounts of several metals—arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and lead—in umbilical cords. They found that higher levels of metal mixtures in the umbilical cords were significantly linked with smaller birth size.