Over the past decade, the tragic images of migrants fleeing torture, armed conflict, corruption, poverty, and marginalisation, have been known to all. What is less known is that torture is often closely related to migration, whether as an underlying root cause or as one of the worst crimes that migrants have to endure on their journey. Once they reach safety, migrants who are torture survivors need support and treatment. Both are key to inclusion and rights-based policies. States have been largely unwilling or unable to put in place minimum levels of protection for people on the move. In Africa - as elsewhere - existing migration laws and policies to protect migrants against torture have proven largely ineffective. Transit countries in the Maghreb and destination countries in Europe have implemented pullback and pushback policies that have recently increased the vulnerability of migrants to criminal groups and traffickers.