ADVERTISEMENT A newly published, “catalog” of equine discomfort behaviors could help veterinarians, researchers, stable managers, and owners “speak the same language” when it comes to recognizing possible signs of discomfort in horses, according to researchers in the University of Pennsylvania’s School of Veterinary Medicine. Based on 35 years’ worth of observations of thousands of horses going through various states of health-related comfort and discomfort, the new ethogram—with more than 70 entries—is a veritable “dictionary of discomfort in horses,” said Sue McDonnell, PhD, an equine behavior specialist at the University of Pennsylvania’s New Bolton Center, in Kennett Square. “What sorts of things do horses do when they’re uncomfortable?” she said. “That’s what we aimed to define in a more or less complete inventory list, to make sure people really understand these discomfort behaviors.”