Developers' opinions of security and secure coding — calling it a "soul-withering chore" and an "insufferably boring procedural hinderance" — highlight that companies who want to harden their applications against attacks have a significant gap between those desires and getting their own developers on board, says Frank Nagle, a Harvard Business School professor and contributing author to the report analyzing the survey results. "It appears that this 'shifting left' has not fully pervaded the minds of FOSS developers," he says. "Although we did not specifically ask whether developers think security is important, they likely understand that is a concern, but believe others should deal with it."