In his keynote address at the African National Congress’s (ANC's) 111th celebration in Mangaung in early January 2023, President Cyril Ramaphosa said that basic service delivery is at the top of the party’s priorities for 2023. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 states that municipalities have the responsibility to ensure that all citizens are provided with services to meet their basic needs. These include water supply, sewage collection and disposal, refuse removal, electricity supply, municipal health services, municipal roads and stormwater drainage, street lighting and municipal parks and recreation.