With the landing tons for august 21st. Se with us for the latest on the historic mission. The to move the latest updates. You can check our website all t dont comedy, thanks for joining us. Hey, well get back to the top of their the the, [000 00 00;00] the number one of the great mysteries and the treasures of the world. And one of the largest in the deposit, the stuff is right here in the baltic sea. So we are in the clinton grad region, trying to learn all the we can about this multi called the want to meet cool is a geologist and painting intelligence. Amber is important to his work and hes the perfect person to give us some perspective. The bad one here. Um i seen sounds of amber. Lets get right to it. Scientists disagree as to what exactly it is. Is it a stone . Is it a gym . Is it resin . What is amber . Exactly. The just yes. And somebody was a good question. From a d, a logical point of view. You cant cool amber, a mineral, a mineral levine or a stone . Its an organic substance. Good. Fossilized resin or if this group im a small from a chemical point of view, its an am office frame pull about its composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Its literally like most organic substances on us. They can also contain impurities, like sofa and other elements. That means that water is amber. Its fossilized resident for 2 of the fossilized resin from ancient plants. Lovely me for us to have the ancient greeks new with them, but i dont get a garbage in small and is resin from plants. Do you have any video . Tacitus, when he wrote about the steve as to a belt take drive that lived in the 1st century id said they collected fossilized resident which contained remnants of plants. So that was back in ancient greece. And during the 18th century, calling this and the great. And if i use them, and also for almost similar tediously determined to the end, but it wont get, i can nature comes from plants to push the number is only found in the leningrad region. Theres literally, its just a, theres a lot. Yeah. Ill tell you why a little later, and it can be found in many places around the world, mostly in the northern hemisphere. Dominican number is very famous as well as them, but from them from having his bottom i to theres also a lot of amber in the far north in the polar regions. Were moving to attain the dependency left on suck. Eileen, near lake bank of steven, and both right as amber in europe in 3 places. I mean, you can, and around coming grad, poland, ukraines rough no region. Good amended, gemini, saxony, loving this and the result roughly the same age. But its very important. And you said that the m bus throughout the world is a difference of geological ages through stuck in some places. There is geologically young, amber and now those at smaller ancient. But many geologists may consider sucks tonight to be true and sex with different types of them. But i have different names here, thought she was, this is called sucks, and i to name it exists here in leningrad, just enrolled now and in germany. Full arrest found in various parts of the world called amber like residence. Yeah. They differ in their physical and chemical properties. Theyre less dense, less of biscuits, and really used to make jewelry. Last, whats good about all around the same sex united way . What is that . Its actively used in jewelry making video me an interesting question is how amber foamed. And when that happens to still talk about as i will see. Mm hm. Scientists have different ways of measuring the age of amber. So what is the oldest known sample that we have available to us . Oh, no. Okay, yes maam. And you before it started because he said, well of course, its not as old as our planet tool. As we know from the oldest rocks, the is 4500000000 years old. Oh, planet was formed around 4 to 6000000 years ago, as well as the moon and the planet system. Of course, and there is a very young compared to the smaller amber like the piece in my hand and back is around 37000000 years old. Its its, its geologically young. But theres more ancient amber. I used for example, in burma, who am i, am a, its about a 100000000 years old from the cretaceous period, houses from the pedagogy in period. What does em but gold cocoa, its very young. 30 the fuel cells in dsl. You can find it in japan and south east asia, and in the Southern Hemisphere you can find coco listings argentina. If you wouldnt mind, its just a few 1000 years old. But how do we know the age of falling . If we look at this deposit would become a reading deposit from an ancient c, as i suppose. Its the same age as december. Is it possible that you can find a book in them, but to a lesser degree it must be as long as they were formed in a sea, but not the baltic sea . Yeah, the baltic, so youve geologically young . Sure. Its 10 to 12000 years old and yeah, because it was formed in iglesia lake. It was with the baltic. Sea is now doing this came from a milton garcia. Its about 20000 years ago. But before that, this land was dry hunter. And under these calm marine Shallow Water conditions, a sealed clay and some deposits formed what we see here, a sort of tends to 2 to 3 meters under us. And theres a different kind of deposit called what blue to ground bed watching. And amber is highly concentrated precisely in this blue us. Oh, and the reserves can be around in blue with us. It was. Why do we find amber here on the coast water because this blue s extends out about 10 meters from the sea bottom. No thought with lips, then well see wash it down. The other is lighter than water. Its light. So it ends up on the b triple that we collected. Yes, it most of it, right . So about the age of amber, youve talked about that, but how long does it take for the resident to actually become amber itself, which flows. And thats very complicated because these im a ring deposit that and performed on land comes from trees. So there are many hypotheses about this. One of the theories is that the was a Shallow Water see here, and ive also left them the weathers land. The river flowed 37000000 years ago, just. It was cold enough to spend the forests growing throughout all of this area that produced this residence. The resin fell into the river and here to see where were supposed its miles where it fluid into it, like google and all that down. But from the river, accumulated in this marine settlement on the basis of the chemical physical transformation of arisen into m. There is complex and its still not completely clear how because its not known how long its spent in the soil is blue. Or if it fell directly into the river, or if it land the ground and was then washed into it. Because model number like cotton or remember it cope all thats been dug up is very brittle. Like a typical resin truck. Its not sticky with but very brittle, its just you, but it sucks and it has a very Interesting Properties, but its very hard with a high melting point, but almost they can be found in different colors. And so want to use that tool connected to its origin because we still dont understand what kind of tree produce them. But whats your booth, for example, japanese and, but was produced by the groom industries. But what exactly, what kind of like lead us know, currently the main scientific with such points. Totes times rays because we find pine twigs in the embassy to spend the japanese umbrella pine. Thats also a kind of forestry, but still grows today. Its just, its also its known brand new, clear. But i think was that it will eventually show us that comes up on, you know, mostly i believe the book of us. What about this place itself . I know youve already mentioned that there are other places around the world where amber is available and you can find it. But it is often said that here in the baltic, its the best quality, amber. Why . The baltic white here . Im not talking about but its well 37000000 years ago. That was a completely different conditions. Now its cold like that, but then there was sub tropical conditions. It was quite warm will the why the continents learned about the same place as now. But with and talk like it, we had a continental drift until the ticket was connected to us strangely. There was no and optics component current as a friday. There was no ice cap on the optics. And dr. Go and the it wasnt a temperate climate here. How do we know it was warm because sucks and if there is deposits, have accumulated fossils from life forms that like teeth, that dont live in the baltics anymore. This deposit is gold. Is emily a credit . Otherwise theres an electron. There are a lot of accumulated was if you search, you will find some what start to look it over the 1st find the noise to show us the history event and number of which of heat living animals and the waste is in the baltic. Now, lets look rocker and we didnt really have see countries or muscles is usually a completely different dynamos. Live here on the see bed look start to continue on with also a little c o 2 and you can see it. Yeah, right here. Okay, so how do they get here . I mean, we know that for a paleontologist like yourself, amber is a very, a risk material for you to find history and to learn about our past. And what has been the coolest thing that youve been able to find. Uh were just using, well actually its not only fossils we find in them, but bearing deposits, but in the amber itself. There are fossil inclusions because thats a very interesting because if the fossil loses its structure manually inclusions because of the tiniest details like inside pads include from a poly until logical point of view. Thats a treasure trove. Whats the truth of new knowledge about the ancient and before is that existed here 37000000 years ago . I think a lot well i went speak to myself, but about the ref. Finds you can come across and use it for example. So lizards have been found in built, it kinda goes camel spiders that live in warmer agency. Its, you know, the majority of animals we find the number of all for about the small animals that fell into a red and trap. They couldnt get out and just remained to that was but its rare to find the big around them. It was because big around the most can escape from the resident. In fact, we very rarely find fleas because flees on them all of our sites and they can jump very quickly. Not so long ago had was found from a memo. Weve never come across the premium will, for example, in dominican amber, which is more ancient and there was a famous dinosaur will find you the hand of a small bird like dinah. So what i have to ask a lot of people have seen the movie Jurassic Park and are fascinated by the idea. In fact, when i telling people about amber, this is the 1st thing they asked me, is this something that scientists are working on to be able to extract the dna and maybe revive dinosaurs or something along those lines . The biggest thing thats a good question. This is actually, if you look at the inclusions in the book, you can see, find the titles and smartgate those work. But it turns out, since its a poly merick substance. Yeah, theres a diffusion takes place of what we see is the animal itself. Its a sort of animal, you know, print like a 3 d shadow of the and will itself, for the region is practically no biological content. The reason they also, but when you play a gas, it has a quite complicated structure. It decomposes quite quickly to, for about 500 years or so. They conducted some experiments. They took residence, todays residence. They bought insects and its just a very different slip. Im trying to sequence the dna. Yeah, about 5 years went by was the no results showing that we could completely recreate dna item and that was only after 5 years and were talking millions of years. Unfortunately, ember is a poor trap for such organic structures when it comes to dna. Also Jurassic Park may be in great and beautiful fairytale, but unfortunately, it is just a fairy tale. What about the clarity . You have very Different Levels of color. Sometimes its a milky sometimes. If even blue is one of the rare colors, what gives amber . Its a specific color and why is there such a wide range . You say, oh you think the milky, amber . Whats the transparent amber . It can be light blue or a greenish color. Oh, this depends on the embers chemical composition. Lets see if there are many aspects to consider. It depends on the kinds of impurity this was the amount of fracturing remo, fracturing the less transparent when there are a few fractures, it can be highly transparent when there are a lot of fractures, its more ro, pagan, a solution, but most highly value them. But there is milky em, but because its a stronger thing, its the most commonly used in jewelry making. Theres also a rotten amber which is very fragile, but thats all connected to its physical chemical properties. But the chemical formular itself is always about the same, but do not cover such a c one for each 16. 00 or 2 full. But that could be an inclusion of different elements. Just let me know if through junior, because its really meant for me. What about the physical characteristics . I mean member can float. Its not particularly dense. It actually burns, if you try and set it on fire, it can melts. Uh, what are some of the other characteristics of amber and why is it this way . Oh that isnt that what you know, the source machine city well, but has a lot of Interesting Properties in the summer and probably the most interesting it is. Its luminescence if we want to come here at night with an ultra violet length and turn it on and wed see how it glows in different colors. New key green. Those are transparent, luminous, light blue. Thats also caused by that old genic lattice that reacts to the ultra violet light. So she had what asked to ask. Im fascinated by her tattoos. I know that you love what you do and it shows in our conversation. But your tattoos, are they amber related as well . Are these just random creatures that youve adorned yourself with . No, no, this is the fun question. Um we have some parental. Im a probably on till logistics as i conduct research in various areas. Not only these em but bearing deposit seconds. My ph. D dissertation was im trying to but extinct marine propoxyphene just now to become a full professor. Im working on a paper thats also one ancient author pods, immune system, oregon. So these are the kinds of species ive written about. Okay, so uh, yeah, so thats my style. I guess the year at the amber museum in cleaning grab, they have one of the Worlds Largest collections of the precious stones. You do not creep on us is indeed exhibition curator here. And i bet sheets some stories to tell the the event. Thanks for taking the time to meet us here. Um this is such a beautiful collection. I wanna ask, what has amber meant to humanity throughout the years . To fish, a orange and white shovel across them. Theres a lot to take in here because amber has great significance for me just because we dont know exactly why it was considered magical, 4000 years ago. And thats what it seems that was magically that when we were at the beginning of the period, the amber trade was booming inside. It was connected with the romans who considered amber to be a magical stone because of a greek legend. The amber trade greatly affected the Economic Life of europe during that period, even though it started here. When the i asked he lived on this land estate later, amber became one of the most important materials traded between the hands, sciatic lead. Then the teutonic order. It is then a diplomatic gift, a gemstone, and the medicine for half before majority of diseases. So now it makes fantastic jewelry. And in principle, we can find amber throughout human history. So someone sure is chris put it. So either i know that there are a lot of legends surrounding amber. Uh, what is your favorite . It was supposed to be my progress spoken. So probably my favorite one describes the attitude of people in ancient rome towards amber, which has had an influence on many of us valuable. Its the story of a paste on your phone who suspected that he was the son of helio, the sun. God shall see us to drive his fathers chariot with its fiery horses, but couldnt cope with and was killed by the sub list. And now, according to the legend, amber is present and also the tears of the daughters of the sun god crushing it. So this shows the attitude of the romans towards amber. Its the stone that lights the way in the after life. Well, theres a legend that started various violins were even coated with a powder of amber. What other uses are there for this stone to your voice for this fortune noise . Its been used for many Different Things to send or anything from diplomatic gifts, this to amber lenses you for measuring the density of beer. And at some point, it was discovered that amber improve circulation, interstate, and can be used for blood transfusions. Grove, in the 17th century, or even earlier, many medicines contained amber is when it was actually thought the amber was a cure for the plane. Although that may have been a legend started by amber catchers who spent a lot of time in water. So they had better hygiene at the war. But none the less, the spell doctors treating the plague to amber wisdom and put it in the beach masks. It was thought the amber or a unicorn horn, which was actually ivory and couldnt detect to poison and food or drinks to ship. Those things were quite readily available. But they still thought it had these powers. There was a belief, the amber powder or oils were very useful for treating diseases for me to find out which disease is exactly why youd have to collect prescriptions from all over europe. For example, theres one prescription from the pope, from the 13th century. This piece of property is cool thing that split the so how does amber make its way from the mines in its natural state to jewelry and Museum Showcase is were able to get access to december coming up to a unique entity which handles the whole process. The like thank you very much for taking the time to bring us out here and see how this all goes down. So i have to ask, this deposit is about 50000000 years old. My understanding is to get something that old you have to go really, really deep. Maybe even down to the core. Uh or does the amber just kind of find its way up to the surface . Talk to me about that process. So theres some love you have enough. Yes. A very valid question. Im. Im, were now located at the side of the biggest amber deposit on the planet with the to get to the layer with amber bearing clay. We have to remove 50 to 60 meters, so waste, or you know, thats what most of our people work on. So we do 10 times more work removing ways to get to the blue earth. If the side has been in operation since the 1970 a month where it says theyve extracted 10000 tons of amber here, and theres thought to be 100000 left voltage to so you and i surely wont live to see you over move. Can you read them thoughts . So talk to me about the whole process. So you dig, you find you process, talk to me. How do you find amber to know much terms that was the well, any Mining