A tendency to one to maintain and to people on dikes. Dominus, so not to any cars. Unfortunately, the colonial power takes advantage of the situation which is characterized by an almost you reducible opposition between the independence east under the youngest. Obviously its easier to manipulate people when they are divided. I think that it has a new interest of baris to take accounts. The aspirations of the population, you have 2 types of reaction population is well organized with political and social political structures that meets the aspiration. Each countries integrates under weeks of civil war is not to be underestimated. In this case. If the population decides to react violently, the 2nd reason is thats buying system under way of doing things by using force is that some of the policies and least can also take the initiative unreality independent. Consequently, the use of force under maintainance of the states of emergency can only be temporary. You come for sale population to leave and you saw medically in the state of emergency. I think the program is to accept to get to the bottom of the issue. So that each con, without constraints and we talk political maneuvers allowed to population to express themselves free on this issue. I think the problem that our eyes to do is to know if new kelly doing here 6 to remain interpreting of us to be a french dependence volume. Any case, a friends house and company, or even a citizen of this country wants to take their own land. And if the elections, or for end is a denies and a lawyer and fairly entrust parental, we obviously becomes out of laws will be forced to concede to stay with our Team International up next. And learned visions by the the of the that taking it reminds me that im late for very important date, which means its time to slip down to the rabbit hole and into a world of russian time pieces. This is peter hoff, one of emperor peters, and greats. Exquisite creations, showcasing luxury palaces, cascade fountains, and spectacular parklands. But few people know that its also home to one of russias oldest watch making factories. David henderson, stewart has been at the helm of his enterprise for more than a decade. But im going to ask him, what makes russian watch making text the so david i have to, i guess, start with an esoteric question. The philosophers and scientists stay really cannot decide on what time is. One theory is the time was created by humans so that we could deal with our uncertainty. What is time to you and what are clocks to you . Well, the time for me is one of the most important things and it was, i mean, with all the money in the world, you cannot buy an additional seconds. And you know, each of a subject equals in front of time. And um, you know, when you look at so the history far on says this time was sacred, time was given by sky. They looked at the sun, the stars at the moon. So it came kind of for them, it came from the gods. And so time we say chords. So i kind of from have the same feeling towards time is something that some very precious and definitely one of the most important thing is though we have any Wealth Assets that we have. And it was me. Now when you started here, cuz i kept the, you really didnt know anything about watches, now you were pretty much an expert. Um, so what makes a kit the watch . Stand out to you tech from a technical point of view. Well, i cant say is much more than the watch out. I cant say is a history, and i cant, is branded, thats intimately linked to brussel culture russian history. And its also the result of an incredible new how that is kept in under this roof, which otherwise would have disappeared. Because you can always buy the machines in switzerland, but the new how is out. So she incredible. These people do incredible things with the hands, and the result is to watch without any bug fees chip set up for next thats should always give the right time is just and thats what caused that to interact. And every single day, week, month, fee, uh uh, gives, gives you the time. And theres something thats quite incredible. Now, um, ive heard of an acoustic signature and ive heard that a lot cant to watch, has its own unique acoustic signature. What exactly is that . And why is that getting so unique . Watches on know, just watches, move the hands, move around, the diode and watches make a sound also, instead of what shes very much like a living fussing. And it has a history. Its, its, its in the watch make. It gives life to the, to the watch and, uh, the watch that you were on your wrist and measures your sure your time. Mm hm. And it gives a sounds kind of sound as you need it because the watch has made with russian metal. Mm hm. Uh tons of which also has its in construction. So the sounds is difficult for me to describe the sound, but i know its unique. It doesnt look, it doesnt sound like the sound that this with which so okay, what about the jewels and watches . When i think of jewels, i think of something that is decorative but jewels for washer and much more important to can you talk to me a little bit about what a drilled watch means . Yeah, of course, every single which is which is depression, which is comes of using the mechanical movements i have on my wrist. 24 jewels. Now jewels, uh no, just beautiful gems. Mm hm. Jewels are also sort of a very important function. You should imagine like in, in, in the game tree and there are lots of wheels with boxes. Mm hm. And, uh, each ox rotates around is pivots like sometimes a 100000. 00 times a day. And uh, if it were a metal against my phone, it was very significantly where outs isnt so at the tape of every oxy have you said you really against the metal doesnt wear out just all sorts of some very important function. Ok, thats very cool. Something that i did not know, thank you for that. Very few people knew that theres a lot of people think like you, its just extra and thats a declaration. But its not right. Its actually has its expensive. Very, very important. Now, what about you, what you do here is more than business. You say that it is a can to well cultural values. In fact, ive heard it in interview that you said that what you do here is kind of like from the bookstore theater. Can you explain that . What do you mean by that . I mean, everybody thinks its a business, its not a business. A business is something which is aims to make money. A get to so much more than not you should imagine that it gets as a fund fee that has existed for more than 300 years. It was funded by jim per piece of the great. Mm hm. And it tells the stories that folds incredible achievements of the service under brushing people who the conquests of space and brushing of on god, and so on. So, and, and watching it. So dozens, the few people by wishes to read the time now the people by which is because they get solutions from the watch. And the motion comes from the mechanical movement, which is unique, which is the result of an incredible know how the story that the watch toes, the design and all of this is, is tremendously incredible and look to my work. Shes the results of more than 8000. 00 populations. You need more than the specialists to do this. I mean, its not, its the purpose of all of this is not to make money out of being much, much richer. If i started to, you know, and i see company, you winston has come to wherever this is about something much bigger than that. The alexander brought the coffee, has been collecting time pieces for half a century and now owns more than 6000 clocks and watches from different places and advocates within any known private collector in the world. The how did you get started . What does collecting watches mean to you . Is it about preserving history . Is it about the fascination with time . What does this collection mean to you . Later on . Yes, im 64 years old. You know, you pay for some people say, soviet watches a worth. Listen, boring, changing that wrong, and were, so we need to preserve a history which im trying to do. I, it doesnt feel young people have no idea about. So we had watches, which will actually amazing on what ive been collecting is a history of watches. Thats out to say 1st and every connected antique timepieces before switching to soviet made one set there with no, its a fascinating subject. Im a member of the connect as club with one man with a many years ago, wrote to me saying is the basis to own 10 break a watches, the bucket full of soviet mass produce junk because it was, i guess go from just said no clue about soviet watches, we like, what i want to do is help the next generation appreciate the beauty of soviet watches. Concerning this history is the legacy. I want to leave behind it with payment processing. So youve mentioned, you have more than 6000 watches. Its an impressive collection and of these thousands, what are some of the most rare or the most valuable . They have family fitness and the most rare and valuable ones as he is or if it was good and that these watches have zodiac signs on the dials. And you said, yeah, you have cancer and so on. You know, can you think the zodiac sign has its own gemstone . Okay, so weve got music. This time piece is also interesting, back with the so if you look at it like this, you can see it has a holographic crystal stick. Or heres another remarkable piece, whether its a dining wash from a Factory Museum there with our small, she has a unique movement which was never mass produced because it was destroyed, you wouldnt as soon as it was made of 0 instead of ones. These are the rhetoric swatches. I have just the, i guess my final question is, how much is this all work . Have you ever had your entire collection appraised um, how much is it . Although you that revise it . You know, this collection is priceless and i dont even know how much it could be was because its so unique. But it would be a lot of money because a lot of work that has gone into this collection. And you can find such a time places today. They dont exist anymore. It was a woman who called me twice, offering me 50 millions of the collection. I would remain its guardian, but i would no longer be the owner. It was unknown, started for me, you know, im 64. Okay. And then when i been doing this my whole life, i just con, sell it to anyone who im sure its my life. I dont want to change it back with. Yeah. Like collecting watches and you know, i think i enjoyed the excitement and im really committed to seeing this through the generic do you, my goal is to have the biggest collection period on my side. But thats what i want. The money doesnt have the same appeal to me. I dont think that what i enjoy noise being able to tell people about my watches. I want people to know that our country made all these wonderful things. The what are the qualities that you look for and, and watch make or what does one need to have in order to be like an exclusive about get the quality watchmaker. I would say the biggest quality thats a which make us have is, is pushing me. Um i before discovering that i guess i was a little way. I was a banker. I never saw so much passion in the profession as what you mean because uh for them, its so much within the job is the passion of your life. Mm hm. And when youre passionate about whats making, then old, you have the qualities flowing automatically, you know, precision and, and all of that. Its a really, i would say prussian. And what about you, do you can that would be a good, whats would make a if not pushing it about to your about to making, which is i would say that thats true all the way through. I guess. What about you personally . What have you learned from watching, making you say that you were lawyer in the bank or coming here . What have you learned about life in general . Well, 1st of all, i discovered 2 things. First of all, um i discovered the world of time and things like we, we talked about to submit your own. Mm hm. I also discovered how, you know, we, we come from the world, the west and well to what we value, you know, people who succeed in life by being bankers and lawyers and with us. And i discovered in this funk for you how incredible jesus was. Uh, you know, when i see walkers is crossing it, people doing things with their hands. The job is so much more difficult than even being a banker. Mm hm. Um, to become a good to watch me could take suitcase 5 to 6. Yes. And that was a huge challenge because there are new normal which making schools in rush anymore. So we, when we are young people we, we create it, i really wish making so, and we, we frame them and it takes us 5 to 6 years to, to make, you know, especially something. So ive have it for months for specs. Now for, for these workforce work with their hands because they do out to these incredible things. The sometime pieces can be spotted on the risk of the worlds rich and might take a constancy and try again. Whos watching making is recognized to buy commerce tours as some of the most creative and original we can find out whats quite literally behind the face of it. The konstantin, thanks for taking the time to speak with us and to show us some of your work. Now i see some sketches out here which fascinates me. I understand that before you start any project, you start with a sketch in, in a time when we have a i, and computer enhancements. So why with a sketch . Are you an analog person, per se, session of materials . There are many watchmakers and designers who rely on modem, 3 d modeling tools. Some, as you said, you was a lie. And what i want though, is for my creativity to come from the how does it with me . But as if you need this direct link between my fingertips in my brain. When i transfer my id, im on to a notepad or canvas who might give you calls, but such a must for me. That personally theater, where is the quickest way to sketch a new watch and wage . So now the outside design, the ornaments are one thing, but the inside of the watches, the mechanism itself. Do those change from watch to watch or time piece to time piece, or is it all the same inside . And then when we describe a watch movement, we talk about it architecture. When we look at different buildings in their architectural styles, we certainly see some functional elements like the foundation and the post and the ground, the was the windows and so on. A watch movement is a very functional mechanism as well. So we have a functional elements. I also meant to have a static value, even though some of the pots will never be seen by anyone except to watch, make a full service or have had the watch later that youre working with so many tiny parts to create the mechanism. On such a small, small scale, very delicate work. How do you get such crash midship, the mathematics, correct . The parts . Correct . Some of them your manufacturing, your yourself and sure. Um how does that all Work Together . How do you do that . Here . Little is sometimes this kind of craftsmanship is described as jewelry. Great. In fact, some watchmakers consider with almost an insult most to the precision you need for making jewelry is orders of magnitude lower than whats required for mechanical launches of the test field question. We certainly need special Measurement Instruments because to do color and says in making about depend on the precision of our mission months. We have these instruments as well as specialized machines, which allow us to manufacture high position pods to a tolerance of several microns or several thousands of a millimeter. Now, youve said that youve made the most complex timepiece in russia. What do you mean by that . Is it complexity and number of parts . Is it the interest in to intricacy, excuse me, of movement. So what is the most complex time police in rush will force miss todd created both the most complicated table clock in russia and full recently the most complicated watch in russia as well. The past, yes, one tried to read this a number of parts in the movement. For example, the moscow computers clock has 2506 puts in the movement alone. The wristwatch i mentioned has 664 pots and things, but the complexity is also determined by the number of function adult complications. So you have the number of pods and the number of functions that can perform the bowl. So probably the number of new inventions in the time based on the background tax, and then this a time, which is the most precious thing we have, that went into the crafting of a mazda piece. Okay, now youve also created the 1st to, to be on clock or time piece in russia. What exactly is that . Um, am i correct in understanding that its uh, helps with the accurate accuracy . What is it to be on time takes . 20 years ago, i set myself the goal of creating the 1st i have a tube alone in russia, in a table clock thats on usual goal was a challenge i decided to take upon myself to create the to him alone is a mechanism invented by dis, with what jamaica abraham louis, but i gave you 200 years ago. I should start with the purpose of countering the effect of gravity on the accuracy of a time. Peace with the laws of physics hasnt changed much over the last 200 years. So one of the key components of a time based of 10 shows its accuracy is the balance wheel. Who has access must coincide with its center of mass and none of them even now in the 25th century. We cant make it exactly so, therefore, the job of a to belong is to average out gravitational error and provide accurate time keeping by some good works well in portable time piece is and is a great solution on, you know, some of your designs are fantastic with um extravagant ideas and thinking of the time piece that calculates the time on mars, as well as a time piece that calculates Russian Orthodox easter. I guess i have to ask maybe the most obvious question of whos the clientele for this type of watch . Why would someone want this type of a watch . My role here is primarily that to but not just to me knows no limits as classical out like drawing or making sculptures. And what all you do is technical out to model so many months working on extremely complicated mechanisms which calculate the distance between us and to boss full time and miles on the days of orthodoxy. Stuff. Obviously these have no practical sense these days in the spring book. Its more of an autistic challenge for me. And so when youre talking about mechanical watches in general, most today were swamped with information and can check the time, not necessarily on a risk wash and put on a mobile phone and so on. You could say that the mechanical watch has essentially outlived its usefulness to them because they were just so many other convenient devices that can tell you the time that the bucket. So my work is primarily a Creative Process for me in your live a 1st, we do have all right in the space program, a system that watches the show, the time on miles will eventually be used by cosmonaut. So arrest her know to will set foot on the red planet and the distant or not too distant future. Theyll want to know what time it is, but its secondly, what is happening and still being used on the International Space station and stuff now are among the very few time paces that have been worn under a space, sued by cosmos, during space walks by tomorrow. So there are a couple of specific examples of serious practical use. Give others. Mm hm. Im constantine. And lets talk about the orthodox easter time piece. Because ive