Experience of the crimean war also showed the need for railways. Army without them. Could not move quickly or operational supply. In the first, the main roads in novorossia were built by private traders. They received concessions from the state, affordable loans and even state guarantees on bonds of jointstock companies. It was a profitable business, in which russian merchants were successful, who created initial capital in the alcohol trade and wine farms, hurried to invest in 1868 year. At the end, this young businessman samuil polyakov received for the construction of the road from the kursk province to the sea of \u200b\u200bazov, he paved more than 800 km of the way to the records. For that time, the terms for the year and 10 months after 3 years in 1871 the road from the kharkov province. Crimea began to build the merchant old believer peter passed through it, sevastopol after 4 years in 1875. At the same time, construction began. On the donetsk coal road, it connected the mines with the sport of mariupol, the Jointstock Company was headed by a merchant and philanthropist Sava Mamontov after 3 years, the road was commissioned, all three highways were successfully working and profitable , and in the late nineties of the xix century they were bought by the state; on their basis , a Single Network was created, which was called the catherines railway. It passed through the kharkov province, all of new russia and the territory of the don cossacks , connecting the donetsk coal and krivoy rog iron ore basins. And on several of its branches. They transported coal, ore, metal to the southern ports of russia, and so began the rapid growth of mining and the development of heavy industry. In novorossiya on a famous poster of that time , it was the railways that became the blood arteries that connect the region with the rest of russia. All these changes brought donbass. The glory of the iron heart of russia not so long ago by the decision of the russian government, the former sections of the dnieper and Donetsk Railways of ukraine were merged into a New Enterprise. It received the name of the railroad of navorossia about yesterday and today of highways in the story of anna efimova , the Railway Station was once the heart of industrial logistics routes donbass, this transport hub is located not far from azov steel , and therefore there were destructions here. They should always be on time here, but now you can get there by a Mountain Road from here. Unless to volnovakha during the journey 24 44 minutes the ticket price is 27 rubles. Many large transport hubs of novorossiya. After combat operations were shattered. Now the main task is to relink the Railway Network and this will be done by the newly created railways and novorossiya. Well, a serious node suffered, this is volnovakha and there is a threeyear program for the troops of donetsk. We are going according to the plan, and in the twenty third year it is the restoration of 60 km of the way. This is me rehabilitating this infrastructure. We also plan to lay down 76 switchman transfers. It is on the territory of the luhansk and Donetsk Railways that there are a lot of Restoration Projects and the building of structures, therefore now the restoration of the mariupol Railway Station and let the passenger one is in full swing. They are not in great demand and only a few hundred passengers depart daily from volnovakha in mariupol, however , more than 30 suburban trains run in the special military Operation Zone in the lpr and dpr alone. Among them there is the innovative debaltseve lugansk debaltsevo torez ilovaiskmariupol volnovakha as well as the passenger train of makiivka lugansk being in demand, given the hostilities low, but still it is at the moment. E formed the structure of the railways, which will enter the donetsk luhansk melitopol. Kherson railway. Here is the staffing table. No, and measures to transfer employees. How will this happen at the moment . Are you ready to say yet . Here but all people will be translated, this will allow us to switch to the standard that is applied by the Russian Federation to pull up all the Infrastructure Requirements documentation. Which is on the agenda liaison with the great land, that is, the rest of the regions of russia , direct Railway Communication with major cities on the mainland, not only moscow and st. Petersburg and rostovondon and voronezh, can open up new prospects. Communication on this route donetsk lugansk and to moscow or other directions, therefore, the entire infrastructure for these routes is ready. We, like the road builders, are ready to provide these transportations for the development of logistics for the industrial sector of donbass, which , despite the war, continues to give tens of millions of tons of coal metals to the big country products of the Chemical Industry and mechanical engineering, this list can be continued with actual feedback to the wartorn regions. Donbass need to import special equipment from building materials. And here, without rail transportation, the program for their restoration should be implemented as soon as possible. This will allow us to duplicate the crimean bridge in cargo traffic from central russia. In addition, for some cargo flows, especially those that go aa from the central region. This will reduce the distance by 30 , that is, due to that they will pass along the newly formed railway. They will hit the crimea faster. The issue of construction is currently being worked out. Highways for duplicating it closer to the sea of azov through berdyansk which will allow to ensure the operation of the promotion of cargo flows in modern conditions and will already begin to make it possible to recoup the funds and investments that will be invested in the development of this company, and yet, despite the planned renewal of the wagon fleet, despite to all hypothetical routes and other innovations under the threat of new arrivals. It is hardly possible now to speak of a fullfledged restoration of Railway Communication in the region, in addition, against the backdrop of ongoing special military operations by the novorossi railroad. And sometimes you have to solve problems that are not part of the duties of most of them in peaceful territories, which is probably why the Crimean Railway was not included in the newly formed enterprise of the novorossiy railway. It is necessary to understand in what condition these railways are to be understood, what will be the load on the railway inside, donbass that is, this is a whole bunch of highly specialized issues. This is how it looks like, according to the map, that the gain will again be palliative measures, that is , it is necessary to somehow restore the main Southern Passage through kharkov and dnepropetrovsk and create a New Enterprise on the crimean model. Outside the Russian Railways system, it can be said that in this way they tried to withdraw the railway monopolist from a passatory strike. However , given that sanctions have already become commonplace for most russian companies, it is unlikely that the decision to create a separate structure for the railways of novorossia is dictated only by these problems at the Russian Railways itself, it cannot now carry out two large areas of the project, that is , relatively speaking, until the eastern Training Ground is completed. And they cannot deploy their power in the southern direction. I think that if the main part of the eastern polygon is completed before the year 25, then, starting from the year 25, we can still see quite actively the restoration and further development of the southern ue of the southern plaster. However, this is just the case when time endures and the saying slower you go further, you will fully justify itself here, by the way, the government decree on the creation of a new structure for the first time introduced the concept of novorossiya into official circulation, and, as you know, it is not limited only to donbass kherson and zaporozhye anna efimova Valery SavelyevAnastasia Popova is typical novorossia. Railways in our nonnew russia and the prospects for the development of this industry in new territories, we will talk with our permanent expert, historian and political scientist alexander vasiliev. Sasha good afternoon. Hi construction of roads railways in the era of Rapid Development of capitalism. Well, it became like this. Uh, as it is now fashionable to speak of a driver in various european countries. But what are the features of this process , on the contrary, when the russian government took care of the need for railways, and the word railway, it implies that the most important thing is the rails. Yes, and that these rails should not be carried. From where to produce them locally, and from thought to meet such a factory. So, the equipment for this plant, and the famous industrialist john hughes da brought it on a steamer to the ports of azov and from there. Uh, the future is the basis of this railway, so to speak, a jerk on the shafts was dragged by these details. There are these future blast furnaces , some other mechanisms there, and in the place where it subsequently arose. Yuzavka, today known as donetsk and the actual enterprise that was created, it was called the novorossiysk Jointstock Company of a coalrail production fireplace. Yes, because this idea now there will be a plant that, on the one hand , that is, roads are being built, and on the other hand, this plant is located in the center of the region, which is connected to the railways, and to the surroundings. This was very important, and of particular importance, of course, was the road that crossed it to russia from north to south. Yes, uh, which connected petersburg moscow the Black Earth Region via kharkov and then the end point was sevastopol the russian empire was building a railroad in borussia the soviet union developed this network. And what happened . Ukrainian times e with the railroads of novorossiya, well, in ukrainian times we know before the enterprise ukrzaliznitsa. Yes, it means that it existed and, uh , you cant say, that is , by ukrainian standards, it was a very successful enterprise. We especially remember the times of the era, uh, minister, kirpa, uh, yes, when such a Renaissance Railway and Rolling Stock was updated, and so on, of the late kuchma. Yes, well, remember in general, here is the map railways of ukraine yes and er, the name of these railways, they often look rather strange. For example, the Southern Railway, its center was in kharkov and was not by ukrainian standards. Its clear . Why is the Southern Railway practically, and the thing is that it was preserved for a minute, the tour of the russian empires, that really, kharkov was in charge of the same railway that i said, which led from the center. Russia to the crimea, and then here in this southwestern railway, which here also covered western ukraine in it. Why was it gas, because it was under the russian empire to the western territory. Yes, that is, this structure, it is a railway, so conservative, in general, history. Its been set up, in fact. E in tsarist times, soviet times. It has not changed so much in quality, lets say, but of course, 2014, but very seriously, and the whole story, so to speak, e changed yes, because but, especially for the donbass, of course, it was very difficult. And a blow. Well, yes , of course, that is, how to function fully, even in Donetsk Railway. It turned out to be, uh, only parts of it. Uh, inside the dnr and lnr. And only then, when, for example, and after the debating operation, yes , the fifteenth year, here in debaltsevo it was the most important railway junction, and uh, here it is, if we assume there, and in donetsk there are miners and metallurgists. Gorlovka is there. Chemists, but the debaltsev are railway workers. Its just like, well, the main figure, or something, urban, here, uh, or, for example, ilovaisk we remember the battles for him, too, in the fourteenth year. Yes, here is the ilobay cauldron, these are the names, which look to us today. Such as milestones of military history. These are actually very important junction stations of these railways, and of the donbass and. Of course, they suffered very badly even just during the hostilities created this year. The first stateowned enterprise, in the name of which the word novorossiya sounds, the railway in russia, how will this affect the development of the region and this is the industry for the first time and since the time of the russian empire, a certain official institution has appeared, in the name of which this term is used, and, of course today, before the railways in russia, i specifically consulted with specialists in this field before this, so to speak, before recording our conversation. Of course, its worth it, but there are a huge number of problems. Eh, the military is understandable. Yes, of all this, i already said that some part of it is very strong. The uh infrastructure has suffered during the fighting over the years. Here is what was directly damaged there, more or less restored, but a whole series of branches of some sort. It just wasnt used. That is, this equipment after such a long break. Well, of course, uh, problems such as its functioning arise, but this is not not the whole problem. The fact is that well, without going into the essence of railway mechanics, it is very difficult. Thats what, but we have railways, so we have diesel locomotives. Yes, electric locomotives. Yes , respectively, it also means, that is, they will be electrified. And those that are electrified, they are on direct current and alternating current. Yes, and thats how it happened. Its just because of historical reasons that the Donetsk Railway road, the basis of which today it will be the railway in russia. Here this direct alternating current it does not correspond from the side. E, rostov region, railways and so on. That is, it is impossible, roughly speaking, to sit down there. And its easy, but to pass even where there are railway tracks, that is, you need to change. Yes, yes, here, but in the azov section right here in the direction of the crimea there is not an electrified section at all. Yes, that is, these are huge, very serious infrastructural ones, but the problems and all this territory will essentially need it, well in a new way, but simply to build for the First Time Since that era. Here is the railway boom. And when this was born and even experts say, a there is such a directly confident opinion that it will be much easier to build a new railway line along the sea of \u200b\u200bazov. Here is the south of the already er, existing new railway line. And why try to somehow modernize already existing in this direction, and the ways and such, by the way, even at the very same time in the early 19th century, there was already a plan for the e donbass e industrialists. Lay like this, this is the railroad route. It did not take place then, as it were, yes, but today it is as relevant as never , because i will say this. Here is our land corridor to the crimea , it cannot be called a fullfledged one, if we are talking only about cars. Thank you very much for an interesting story. If at first the military and administrators from the aristocratic class made up the highest ice of novorossia , prince potemkintauride duke, da richelieu prince vorontsov and many others, then at the end of the 19th century. People who did not have ranks and titles quickly burst into it. But they were enterprising and skillfully organized the extraction of minerals, the smelting of metal and the movement of financial flows. A special caste of railway tycoons, among them come from ancient communities, pious and hardworking people who rose from the very bottom of the former fortress peter ionovich. Bunin started as a bricklayer, then took up contracts for the construction of bridges and railways, building the sevastopol road. Got a rank indeed, in the state councilor and hereditary nobility for children, another wellknown railway salamand oligarch, he became famous not only for his ambitious projects, but also as a patron and patron of famous russian artists and artists. Having inherited shares of the Railway Company from his father, he set about building the donetsk coal road, the project was risky ; mamontovs commercial courage sometimes bordered on adventurism, but in the end it paid off and began to make a profit, except for mamontovs business created a private opera pipe in which chaliapin sang a man to whom novorossia owes the largest kurskazov highway, and now donetsk samuil solomonovich polyakov, he was the youngest and most energetic of the railway oligarchs in his short life. He died at 50 poles built more than four thousand kilometers of tracks and became the railway king of russia for speed and reliability in construction in 1878. He received the highest award at the world exhibition in paris more about this person in the story of olga mokhova railway ace, thats right contemporaries called samoilo solomonovich polyakov an outstanding builder of Russian Railways. The first skills of businessmen. He acquired by helping his father a small prominent tax farmer. And although samuils education was limited to elementary school, the talent of the entrepreneur allowed him to make a dizzying career and be the entrance to the high bureaucratic offices of the russian empire. It was a time of general revival of the industry. The revival of the economy is on the crest of this hype. Naturally. New people new faces were erected. And polyakova was just among them. This was a man who became a household name. In any case, rich, as polyakov was. Here is Something Like a saying stuffing your hand. At the socalled petitia gathering, samuil polyakov began supplying materials for the construction of the highway of the Moscow District of communications; here he meets the future minister of post and telegraph, count tolstoy, and he instructs the young entrepreneur to clean up his estate. Polyakov will upset a profitable distillery and receives from count in management multiple of postal stations, polyakov was from birth, apparently, a supernatural organizer and a supernaturally sensitive person in the field of what needs to be done. Trust at the time. This colossal trust until the second half of the xix century. They were exploited in the russian empire. Mostly waterways and postal routes in 1867. Pavel melnikov, first minister of communications, returning from trips to the usa where the railroads were built using accelerated technology draws up a plan for the creation of a Russian Railroad network ; construction is entrusted to local entrepreneurs on the basis of concessions concluded between them and the state. Uh, the private concession system , which was a very debatable sense of the decency of the concessionaires and the quality of conducting , so to speak, financial activities, nevertheless made it possible to increase the Railway Network five times in 10 years compared to the previous periods to adapt the system of accelerated Railway Construction to russian realities it was samuil polyakov who was destined to his kozyr the highest level of organization of decentralization of management and responsibility the care of workers in polyakovs settings worked up to 70,000 people. At the same time , the mortality rate at work was not high , colossal support, construction was also provided by the state. For example, each of the 170 miles of the kozlovsky voronezh road cost the treasury 75,000 silver, which more than covered production costs. Train tickets they were metal and at the end of the journey. They had to be returned. And this is the First Railway passenger road, launched in 1837, in general , three main periods are distinguished in the history of the development of the Railway Network of the russian empire. Two of them fell on the time of samoilo polyakov, in total he built nine large railways and roads. Their total length is more than 4,000 km, march 1, 1868. Samuil polyakov received a concession for 85 years for the construction and operation of the kurskkharkovazov road. She became the core highway of the donbass, which crossed its most coalbearing regions. It must be understood that at that time the southern direction for russia was of strategic importance, especially after the crimean war, when it became clear that it was necessary to develop industry in the south from the urals. And for this it was necessary at least to build a railway to the south of the highway, kursk rostovondon , with a length of more than 750 miles, polyakov built in record time for a year and 10 months and after its commissioning for a long time. He actually remained its owner, the road connected the capital of the empire with the ports of the sea of \u200b\u200bazov, the crimea and the caucasus, along it and adjacent branches they transported coal , ore, grain, salt, cast iron, products, the length of the road section through the donbass was about 350 miles. It was divided into three segments lozovaya slavyansk slavyanskkhortsisk, khartsyzsk taganrog, the road connected many enterprises, new factories arose near it , mines, worker settlements polyakov not only built railways and earned a lot of money on them throughout his life. He invested not less than 3 million rubles. Establishment of various institutions in the process of construction of the kursk kharkov azov road. He established in gorlovka the first Mining School in the south of russia, another Railway School appeared. Financial support in kharkov in 1870 left me few monuments of this charity, in particular the synagogue in moscow and st. Petersburg , with his participation, he opened gymnasium schools in different places in just a few decades, the russian state. Covered by the Railroad Network 1913. Their length was almost 80,000 km, so russia outperformed great britain, france and germany among other railway magnates. Much of this merit belongs to samoilova polyakova olga mokhova Anastasia PopovaValery Savelyev is a typical new russia. Thats all we wanted to talk about. Kirill vyshinsky was with you today. See you soon. Flying, fast territory, dangerous in the morning, what s going on . We will always work well, but he is groovy, of course, oh no. Sergei shoigu in the Operational Area meeting with the command and trophy what to do now with this western technique abandoned by the enemy on the battlefield . Who and why is going to go to war against the country, niger, and who, on the contrary, changed his mind about the latest news from the rebellious country, who took up arms against himself and the former colonialists and their henchmen from among the neighbors, expected 561 years of imprisonment. Until 27 minutes from the trial, he looked more like donald trump to a circus show. How you can protect your property from