Kruse pos red stop grade for nail in the Champions League he admitted it's been a really tough few days following his involvement in Everton's Andre Geim as his horrific injury on Sunday it was Buzz 1st away win off the season with Giovanni Lascelle side and Christian Eriksen also getting the score sheet. Conceded an injury time equaliser to a worn or against rhetorical mirage in the Europa League form a human captain Chris Robshaw Ceasar a sense of rugby union in a dangerous place is off the European champions were deducted 35 points for breaching salary cap regulations dominated meetings were no longer a feature of the 200 meters a 3000 me to discus or triple jump at all of its events in 2020 the set a wish to cut the length of meetings for a 90 minute broadcast and just trying to set up a Champion of Champions semi final showdown with Mark Allen this space b.b.c. Radio 5 Live on digital b.b.c. Sound small space. Weather chilly and less 3 with some styles of rain which could be heavy across central and northern parts of England the sunshine in the south and later across Scotland highs I think raise b.b.c. 5 Live starting this week well this is new color 5 life might we. Haven't f.m.r.i. The u.k. On digital and online I'm Roger Sharpe were up all night a see if there's a magic box we all know that behind plywood walls in the shimmering flies is a breeze block wall with a large loading dock that opens to the alley outside but we don't let these things bother us we conspire with the director and actors to create a perfect world of illusion in a setting which can still look like an opulent confection of guilt and plaster from more than a century ago here in lies the problem for the Piccadilly Theatre in London's West End where we can all agree that tonight's accident was falling plaster should never have happened we'll hear more about this one. Well it's time for us to join Dr Karl hello Dr Karl hollow Dr wrote what a lovely chance to be in this all and of stability and happiness at least between you and me on the airways at this time of the day when the morning rush is over the afternoon evening Todd as I had a cup of coffee and I just feel such comfort and happiness working with you again as we have over the decades in you and you have had my soul taking me into the bowels of the rules that you should Rosol the 1st electric motor are still good she was thinking about how you helped me see the 1st electric motor ever invented by human beings at the Royal Institution where you'll be returning in the Samberg But before that am I right in thinking that you're heading south a long way I'm heading south the long way round via Budapest and Madrid of course you do and. I tell you why but look let me justify the concept of miles and carbon dioxide output. You ready for me to do much yes I am to I'm I'm taking notes because I need to. Write. 10 percent of the world's carbon dioxide comes from making clouds I want to stop us making carbon dioxide I want to go naked I want to change the system and I'm guessing when I have to wear clothes because I don't look as a good as I did when I was a baby you know so. In the same way I want to change the system while he played farts on change a system by which planes powered which is a mixture of electric batteries and hardens the why am I being a hypocrite Let's go back to evolution evolution of slavery in the United Kingdom and the United States the people who were advocating for abolition of slavery were called hypocrites because they wore clothes made by slaves. They still want to because they just want to study it change the system and they could not get the clothes made other was in the short term so they just did what they could and abolish slavery and still had to say that's my argument that I want to change the system I don't have and was greeted soon Burge fully deeply appreciate the symbolism Oh she's done and I'm in fact reducing my if laws which I have done from my maxim of about 141 a year but he not in on and on and I had 5 medical emergencies to deal with on the planes and 4 lived and one died back to sort of 50 or so a year which is heading down and I need get one medical emergency every year which normally happens once every 11000 passenger far south there is more I just have a that is my argument rod that the carbon models are building out and can't it be argued too that with with all that you've done around your own home you know with your great big water storage tank you know and the recycle water that you do and your you know energy use around your home you've made you made stringent efforts really haven't you to reduce your carbon footprint in your daily life I have and have basically since 2007 manufactured twice as much electricity as we have used so we've been a net we've been a mini power plant but still enough because with a flood the distance is just sad huge really came we walked across by in 2009 you can flaw in one hour what takes you 5 weeks to walk on here and if you tried walking that distance you'd probably burn up a lot of carbon along the way from the food that you consumed in the drinks in the housing is a killer a complicated thing but I am Carly confident we are heading for a reduced carbon emission world and tell us when you are back with us. I'll be coming back from n. Tactical on the 8th of December which is Sunday and so then I'll be following you through for the next few weeks he said possibly a Boxing Day come up here my way up to the will stretches largest music 1st time well you know I'm you know I may or may not talk again for a while because I think come the 11th of December I'll be on an airplane heading the other way I'll be heading back to the u.k. For Christmas and all that so I gave you to come to strike a very happy to give you a free cup of tea. Maybe even 2 I hope so right let's get let's get into it because you're about to burst the bubble and I you know I've seen these things I I have been to the National Air and Space Museum in Washington once or twice where they still sell space pens what's wrong with the story of the Space Pen Ah the story is in popular mythology that the American government slash NASA spent billions notice the be billions of dollars developing the space pen where as the Russians used a pencil and it's so wrong in so many different ways so you start off with the Americans trying to use pencils in space and the trouble is that the carbon the graphite. It drops to the ground here on Earth but in the market gravity is space a flood threat and it can short out a lake Tronics which is one fact that which is dangerous and the other factor is that you've got carbon which can burn really well in what I had been in the early days a 100 percent oxygen environment so that was really good motivation for them to get entirely way from pencils as well as the fact that the pencils could the little fragments could get up in the ah and cause nasty little things happening and so independently a company called the fish a pen company. Put $1000000.00 to create the space pen and it was entirely from private enterprise none of it came from the government and or NASA in any way whatsoever and it wasn't billions it wasn't millions it was 1000000 and in our 65 and remember that died so Kindi said we should go to the moon in order not the one they lead today in 69 So halfway through 65 they came up with a pin the could ride up hill it could work in frigid or roasting conditions minus 50 Fahrenheit up to 400 or even under water and this pin had not an ink in it but a glue and it was a special sort of glue that when you rubbed it would into a liquid it would change its state and at the other end of the cylinder of glue was a couple of atmospheres of pressure of a guess not Richard Knox did not region and it had the very edge of not reacting with the glue so you pick up the pen you restart writing and the ball doesn't rot in the door because it's no ink on it and the bowl rotates half succumb France which is a millimeter or 2 and by moving against the glue it changes the glue from a liquid from a solid to liquid and then the pressure forces the liquid on the ball and the bowl then goes and transfers the glue onto the paper and it hardens almost immediately so this is the fabulous Fisher Space Pen and the Nesa people played with and thought i k it's a result thing they were 400 in not in 68 and then. They were 400 and then the service followed with 100 pins and a 1000 cartridges and because both the Soviet space agency and NASA were by. In bulk they got a discount 40 percent discount and they paid $2000.39 per item instead of $3.00 so the Russians also as soon as they could this is they discovered this thing they lift pencils and they went straight across and so with these pens I felt in my case I can actually write underwater which is a fairly specific but not very useful skill but marine biologist smart like it so I've got a paper that is based on calcium carbonate not on trees so it's got some carbon with calcium carbonate bark limestone and so I can run the war the top of it and then while the water is running over the pipe I can then write on it this be more useful to a marine biologist I have never yet come across a brilliant thought while I was sharing with work I was on an opinion I should pocket but one day it might happen. And I think that's marvelous my my mind went to a tool that we used to use in the days of editing tape when you where you had to edit tape to make a radio feature and it was it was a it was it was essentially a crayon it was a pencil with a yellow lead but the lead was wax it wasn't graphite and it was wrapped in paper and it was wrapped in very tightly wound rolls of paper so that when you pulled a little bit off a little bit more was exposed of the point of the crayon and then you could make a mark on the tape and then all was well but it was when I think about it essentially sort of self sharpening crayon and I wonder if that would have been any good for them but it wouldn't have created much of a permanent record really would it. Right are you on the surface or something if it's wax The question is how Blunt was the tip so with my ball point pen is maybe half of the same millimeter. How big was the Mako much bigger than the much bigger I would say it was a I would say was point 9 at least maybe much bigger Ok so then you'd be limited by half finally you could write you know you're observing some creature some dinners in the deep Yes. I well on we go or we go. Oh it's quarter past 3 let's say let's ask people to join us now shall we. 5 Your texts. Or 5 or 50 my goodness me I'm sorry I've done it again. You'll have to forgive me this pure act of loss of memory and I can't even read it yes boy 590-969-3850 extension 584 your texts please you know the number better than I do up all night at b.b.c. Dog c. Or dog you care I'm sure somebody will take a moment just by completely fall and push and I do apologize so there's no need to do that right. Yeah. Let's take an e-mail from Alan. Who writes to us from 7 Mile Beach near Hobart in Tasmania nearer to you than to us he says as much talk of the amount of global warming caused by carbon dioxide what I haven't had any mention of is the waste heat that's generated from any form of energy generation this heat doesn't go away it's always transferred elsewhere and my question is does this waste heat have any effect on global warming and want to stay at this paragraph he says As an aside my primary school was Ravenscroft primary and plus 2 in the 1950 s. Our teacher Mr Hawes motherly had a pet subject and it was history he told us once by the king for many hundreds of years ago who prosecuted the match and for burning coal and polluting the atmosphere the whole class laughed at this notion and we all believe that smoke just went up into the air and disappeared right King was a try to find any reference to the confines anything perhaps one of the listeners might know so if you've ever heard a story about a king who prosecuted the Martian for burning coal and polluting the atmosphere let us know and we'll pass on thank you. Now I've written a story about cigarettes and smoking and vi ping and I'm make a reference there to an English king and I'm just trying to find that reference way back from the past. And the going back and back through time history of a history of smoking in confidentially there was a king a long time ago in England who made comments about the badness of cigarettes and burning stuff in general and that was a bad thing to burn stuff in general Ok waste why waste time the yeah so let me introduce you to the concept of a force multiplier which the military use quite often and so one example would be that you have an army we're going back to ancient Sparta you have an army of several 1000 against you but they would have to go through a tiny little canyon so a group of only $300.00 people or wearing or mile wearing fetching little mini skirts and big chests they can then stop a whole back the invading army because they can focus all their energy one point in the invading army can only get one or 2 people at a time through that so the concept is of a small amount of force can have a big result or say half a kilogram of a high explosive can bring down a ship or something if it's in the right place so in this case carbon dioxide acts as a force multiplier in the sense that any heat is coming from the ground from below . Interaction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and half would get sent back down to the ground again and if it comes back up again then half of that gets sent back down again so it has a very powerful effect and currently about $420000.00 Hiroshima bombs with of heat and beings that would otherwise go into space and the heat up the earth are not and are going back down to the ground we're measuring this both on the ground and we're measuring it with the satellites we have in orbit so the heat is not going up the amount of heat the Rickly from waste heat for machines operating is with regard to the total amount of heat trapped all of the order of a 10th of a percent or 100th of a percent of the total global warming is very very small I haven't tried to find the exact figure and I could not remember funny and what's in the past and differently significantly less a lot less than one percent of the overall global warming it is a factor but very very small may affect the carbon dioxide Qanbar side so your essential point for Alan as. Not really a big thing is not he has a way but it's much less than one percent of the overall global warming get us. This is from Chris and Bristol when he says why is it that water Little us long tall bottles or similar receptacles never seems to evaporate whereas water straight last does as water vapor collect on the sides and return to the main body of liquid or is there a more complex explanation. Implications for water storage. Go to point a to which is that if this effect is real you come up with a marvelous explanation this is I who do it for national thought well that's pretty darn good not to think of one thing better so we're assuming that the container has a nick that narrows the water evaporates the wood of the price comes up hits the glass and then drops down again and some will escape from the narrow opening some will escape but at a much slower right so now the trick is to have 2 containers with different saw as openings different saws mouths. And have Martin extra each other with the same mass and height of water but was going to Narron it was going to broaden a and then make records for the next month or so and please get back to us and they will think you a Radio Farda lot of fun pack which I probably think might be to have video of 5 pencils that he and I have a long gone now and had to know that no longer there in the most apartment Radio this is a radio 5 fund packets me laughing at the notion of us having a fun fight that we should we really should you know we want we want to speculate that we could all have night because we're up all night you see what I mean are what a lot of people nighties Wouldn't that be sweet or at least a lot of the shirts Yeah like it's actually runs I'm thinking rid loose fitting running from the neck to the ankles and to the wrists and we've already a father laws and then naughty on it it could be a heap item man have item I could just be an up all night feel like a ha ha ha ha ha that's what we thought it was what we are so funny right this is from Bob. Slightly And he says conservationists attempt to maintain the maximum genetic diversity and then they just species as I understand it evolution occurs by a mutation changing the d.n.a. And makes the organism better able to survive than the rest of the species that's way to go but the genetic diversity of this improved organism is no and there's only one I got the way evolution works wrong or is genetic diversity less important or evolution throws up random changes and I'm just making up a story now I have a few dozen stories when he rolls on and this one's on Barbara McLean talk. The 1st woman to win a Nobel Prize in her own right. And she came up with the concept of jumping genes so evolution also happens via that pathway as well so this random mutations from just a simple dividing process where the mistake is made and it causes external factors such as some Laughton tobacco and random chemicals in environment to change things and this is the jumping genes now I'm just chasing this up more but it seems that 80 percent of your day and I wrote is viruses 80 days a year and I am $80.00 seems to be viruses that invaded. Us humans and you're lineage in the past and have been incorporated in it which we're talking not just in the last 5 years but I mean. Way back to your parents and then way back to us separating of from the chimpanzee 7000000 years ago and then even earlier well back to the time of the dawn a source so. Viruses of invading isn't leaving isn't sometimes good incorporated into us so 80 percent of your d.n.a. Is viruses which sometimes is useful and sometimes not and sometimes disses there as just baggage that we carry around and it just gets modestly repeated but where it gets copied and repeated occasionally can get copied with a mistake which can make it go bad now the jumping genes so you've got various genes or you have the gene for cystic fibrosis which if you whitish from Europe you've got a one in 20 chance of carrying whereas if you come from the Asia was close to 0 so you go as different genes and you have some of the genes coming from the viruses and. Surprised by reading this one in every 20 babies that's born has a gene this jump from one part of the d.n.a. To the other and then can cause a child sometimes it causes no change sometimes a change for the better sometimes for the worse so with evolution we conduct think that it's a male explode in this area that is if there is one please ring in we can't think that it's random and it just ends up good enough and if it means that you can make babies a little bit better in slightly larger numbers than the next organism then that gives you your genetic advantage fitness is not having big muscles like my hero Arnold Schwarzenegger the driver having more babies so evolution is not really directed it's just sort of random and we were kind it with this for the dos. I guess as a whole. New view of Red who has 9 kids doesn't it he's his most the most genetically set of all of us oh yes he's much fitter than the rest of us but then it has to go on and then you dealing with the whole thing of the babies being helpless which means the parents have to invest a lot of time in diversity and then you ending up with the creatures that have thousands of babies and have thousands of a gurney want to turn into babies whereas we have a small number of babies that high