And. This may be seen by. The 5 live news on Liam Smedley board members of the government's social mobility Commission has stepped down claiming to resume a has failed to keep her promise of building a fairer Britain commission chair story Commission Chair Alan Milburn says he has little hope the government can make the necessary progress is the former Conservative minister Edwina Currie he's saying they haven't done enough this government has only been in office since June when they had a general election and it's up to its size in sorting out bricks it but part many if you have a look at the budget did for example on the efforts that it's made there we are in a position where actually is a lot going on and it's not being knowledge Downing Street says it's committed to fighting injustice the government has announced plans for children at schools and colleges in England to get access to mental health support more than 300000000 pounds will be made available a green paper is due to be published but Shadow Education sacked secretary Angela Rayner says is not enough the green paper leaves small unanswered questions is the 300000000 going to come from existence how are they going to ensure that the training is there for staff and how they're going to support the ask you'll be able to deliver that and all schools are going to get those fees also as we see in the Tories of course budgets to our mental health services and many services now overstretched Labor's chief weapon the House of Lords Lord Bassam a says he intends to pay back parliamentary travel expenses have to accept and it would have been more appropriate if he had not claimed the money the Mail on Sunday says he received an allowance to cover overnight stays in London while also claiming the cost of travelling to and from his home and the statement he said he hadn't been told that he breached. Parliamentary rules officials in Nigeria say at least 16 people have been killed by 2 female suicide bombers in the northeastern town of b.a. Dozens of others have been wounded Asuka Victor is a local policeman saw female suicide bomber. We're able to you know. I'm in the process all backed up to no good I. Want to market to be back at their. Core and they're not going to search their. Market or work has died after falling ill on a North Sea only a North Sea oil platform northeast about the marathon all u.k. Which runs the Bray Alpha platform says the death was down to an illness and was not work related. No trains are running into or out of London Eastern this morning 2 to emergency repair work is after more than 500 metres of overhead wiring was damaged near Wembley on Friday afternoon now where rail says they'll be no services into lease midday and the act said Geoffrey Rush has stepped down as president of the Australian Academy of cinema and Television Arts after complaints about inappropriate behavior the 66 year old who starred in the Pirates Of The Caribbean series denies the accusation Let's head over to Adelaide now front of the on the cricket with Henry around Australia 294 for 5 it's been a frustrating session this for England ever since Stuart Broad took a wicket with the 3rd ball of the day since then they seem to l.b.w. Decisions given and then overturned once the decision went upstairs to the 3rd umpire this partnership between Shaun Marsh and Tim Payne is worth $85.00 runs Australia creeping towards the $300.00 mark and there's another run to the total is it no it's a wake and that's what England wanted Monali out of the boundary is taken the catch pain is gone for $57.00 it's a 2nd for overturn an England have that 2nd breakthrough they wanted on this the 2nd day 294460. Let's get the rest of the morning spoke with Rob Schofield Manchester United will be without midfielder Paul Pogba for the Darby with Premier League leaders Manchester City after he was sent off in their 31 win over Arsenal at the Emirates United are 5 points behind City who play West Ham at 4 pm commentry will be on 5 live Sport Swansea boss Paul Clement says next week's game against fellow strugglers West Brom is now 100 times more important the 21 defeat at Stoke sent them to the bottom of the table a dream come true that's how hardly Parks's described his Wales debut after scoring 2 tries to help them hold off South Africa to end the autumn series with a 2422 win and Scott Johnson has knocked out defending champion world number one Mark Selby at the u.k. Championships. It is b.b.c. 5 live on digital only smartphone ensample that the weather starting gray in the south this morning with them plenty of dry weather across the u.k. With good spells of sunshine and feeling less cold than recently to. Breakfast is the real guy at times last night he left out now actually with Sunil down at home q.p.r. And obviously fans streaming for the exits midweek game you want to be traffic trying to get the last. Bit of a 3 man. Great text here on leaving not just the guy who sits near me at my team says Helen least 10 minutes early you can set your watch by him. This is an average of 3 notches season on account of missing time in every game is the old joke of the moment the West Ham translates to the end of a rush. I'm playing the obvious morning of a grumpy text just this morning the 5 like breakfast back tomorrow from 6 now it's ashes breakfast with Alan Oldroyd and Chris Warburton coming up from 6 this morning on 5 Live Now the latest Science News in 5 Live Science This is a prerecorded program so please don't text or call. Close welcome to 5 Live silence from. The Naked Scientist team I'm Chris Smith And in this hour we're tackling the science questions that you've been sending in over the last few weeks or so including why are mountains pointy did dinosaurs live in large herds and we have a giant snake a few skulls a couple of feet of one of the oldest rocks on Earth in the studio that make it scientists for 5 Live. Well let's meet the panel of experts who are going to be answering your questions Meghan strong is an Egyptologist what are we talking about when we're talking about the ancient Egyptians yet it's not frequent that 2500 b.c. Is the most modern person on the panel but yeah roughly about the period that we're starting 2600 b.c. I'm an app to about 323 b.c. So about 4 to 5000 years ago yes absolutely long time thank you Megan on the other side of the room is Lieber Gott Lee is from Fitz University in Johannesburg South Africa he's not discovered one but several in fact new species of ancient human ancestor went to they date from well I'm going to run you from about 200000 years back to about 2000000 with Australia but biggest city been on a lady so basically a potted history of where we all came from there to most people struggle to discover a jawbone or something in their lifetime career you've managed to get basically whole skeletons of these things in you have sitting on the desk with you some of them I brought a few of my friends with me great to have you with us they are also here Jason Head Jason walks with reptiles and dinosaurs he does that at the University of Cambridge is part of the wall a-g. Jason to help or intake people when were the dinosaurs around so the oldest dinosaurs go back to about 240 to 245000000 years and of course they're doing fine today with modern birds which is good to hear so we'll talk about dinosaurs which isolator in the program and no way back in history the oldest in terms of time on the planet but not you personally own well is a geologist from the University of Cambridge What do you look at I study early Earth plate tectonic processes using that natural bark here. To Canada and so I look at rocks that are as old as 3000000000 years old so I'm afraid eclipse all of you here and how old is the earth in total the Earth is 4560000000 years to another 3rd of Earth history after it's quite ancient isn't it thank you and so all the questions relevant to geology in the engine earth are we going away and as if the panel are already going to be put through their paces text by your questions we've got a little quiz for them coming up later in the show and you can play along home now Megan we've got to something to kick off with for you and that's what about horribly fix mount immobile wants to know how well hieroglyphics used in ancient Egypt was this the 1st form of writing and what did they have against alphabet snow so you have a very useful text in front of you because you've brought a dictionary of yes this is a very well loved well used dictionary that was one of the 1st textbooks that I got as an Egyptologist student and it is sort of a Bible for me really ancient Egyptian is a language that was written down and hieroglyphs is one of the scripts that was used to record it it is one of the oldest that we know of does it date from does it literally go right back to our earliest records of ancient Egypt city earliest evidence that we have for simple hieroglyphs being used as probably about 3300 b.c. And so that's quite a ways back fits into the very very beginnings of dynastic Egypt but not up to the point of sort of pyramids of but most people think of and slightly provocatively supported the Egyptians have against alphabets and things it held a horrid life's work is it like Chinese characters where there are sounds or how does it work yet so Ira Glass can work in several different ways the Egyptians did have characters that could function as what we would recognize as an alphabet so you can you know spell out people's names for example that's very useful but they could also stand for sounds so something that we would think of as like a syllable a single hieroglyph could stand in for that or you could also have higher glyphs that would stand. On their own as an individual object so you could have a picture of a goose and that would stand in for the word goose hunting people decode them in the 1st place so this most people will say that this goes back to sham polio and the discovery of the red rose that rose that us down excuse me was the real sort of watershed moment people had been working on the decipherment of hieroglyphs from the medieval period but when the Rosetta Stone was found that really allowed people to crack how you read hieroglyphs by comparing it to Greek so that gave This is a great piece of text this is the equivalent in hard cliffs and so people could begin to get some insights into how the language was constructed exactly so there is that a stone is recorded it has 3 different languages on it one of them being Greek one being to Modoc which is another script used to write ancient Egyptian and then formal actual hieroglyphs So why did someone go to the trouble of writing what was the point if these languages were around at the time and they could speak all of them which they clearly could why make that tablet. Yeah it's a good question I mean I think at the time it was there is that a stone was found in the Nile Delta and this was an area that was ruled by the Greeks at the time and so Greek obviously being a language that they would recognize but ancient Egyptian being the language of the country and still being used quite heavily for monumental inscriptions which is what the Rosetta Stone was and can you read hard if now thanks to a dictionary I can yes thank you really aren't so when you when you look at these things you can actually read it that is one of the cornerstones of Egyptology you have to be able to read your hieroglyphs How long did it take you to learn Well there's different phases of the language so initially to get your grounding takes a good solid year and then you have to build up from there different phases it's extraordinary to think that before you can actually begin to study something archaeological you have to learn a whole new language in order to do that yeah absolutely and sometimes multiple depending on the periods it's a good selection process I suppose it's only only the fittest those who are doing away with it are you here is that Lee Thanks Megan rightly Let's turn up the heat with this question which came from Colin on a forum that our ancestors lose their fur about the same time they mastered fire when you think well I think the 1st part is what's the difference between for and hare we often speak of humans as having hair and animals having fur and the answer is nothing it's the same thing just semantic argument but the the sort of early part of our understanding of where we see a sort of fining and separation of hair and humans is probably at the root of that question and we kind of tied to 2 things one is thermal regulation the idea that we need sweat glands we sweat our skin to actually lose heat we believe that happened with long distance walking and running and the sort of longer limb period generally associated with the origins of the genus homo So the answer is maybe it was associated with fire because those 2 things go back a very. A long way now fire the old fire that we've got is probably about 1.3 to 1500000 years it's surprisingly hard to see in the fossil record but that morphology at that sort of wider chested long legged sort of anatomy that signals sweat glands maybe 2000000 years but you know I don't trust these dates these days we keep finding something every other week pushes something further back or in a different line we take for granted our access to fire in the modern era but what would it have taken for ancient peoples I mentioned ancestors of humans to have most of the art of fire making and trying and using fire to good effect having spent the last several years down a deep dark hole looking at home in the leddy fossils I've pondered fire a lot in the idea of fire both as a heating source but also as a light source to move into these more remote underground chambers that fire is a tricky thing most animals hate it they hated instinctively if you're terrestrial animal for very obvious reasons fire is a very scary thing at some point in our past and that is somewhere in our very distant past a 1000000 and a half 2000000 maybe I would suspect even further than that part of our family tree began catching fire and Catching Fire is probably the 1st key to that manufacturing fire we don't really have any evidence of until the last several 100 thousands of years and generally the early parts of that are controversial in and of themselves because there is a big difference between catching fire in the wild after a lightning strike or some of it like that in the tending it for long periods and manufacturing it anyone who's ever tried to use crude implements to actually manufacture firewood understand that there's a great technological leap in probably also a mental leap that may have occurred little later in our time and date of do you know someone who. Tried to make a fire in a camp the traditional way it takes quite a bit of dedication doesn't it thank you there are so Jay some interesting because the saying about our ancient human ancestors losing their hair but what about dinosaurs what were they covered in because if you go to museums and things you see many specimens of dinosaurs in a show things with the skin a bit like a crocodile but they're not exclusively Well that's actually a really interesting question and there's a lot of research being done on this issue right now and there's a lot of controversy from certain parts of the geologic record you have particular environments where you find fossils that actually preserve the impressions of soft tissues with certain dinosaur groups when we find those impressions they often include integument tree structures that look like here they're almost quill shaped and they're often called proto feathers because they have kind of a feather like appearance to them and so right now there's a big question as to when do these proto feathers 1st show up in the history of dinosaurs is this a feature that all dinosaurs have primitively at the origin of the group or is this something that's evolved once or more than once very high up or higher up in these nested groups within dinosaurs certainly by the time we get to the true birds things like Archaeopteryx then we see these well developed flight feathers and so we know what they're covered with but whether or not T.-Rex for example Toronto Soros or any of these the larger tax it would have had a overall covering and integument of feathers or a feather like structures that's a little more poorly understood amazingly for some animals like the loss of Raptor this small man erect or in that's Rose risen to fame through your eyes that part films we know they actually had probably elongate feathers running down the underside of the arms because we found specimens that have feather quill spots on the back so do you think the dinosaurs could have evolved to have feathers in order to conquer new patches of the earth to access new bits of the earth which would have previously been a bit cold for them and having feathers enabled them to access and use those areas because those populations of dinosaurs and therefore competition went up in warmest spots the choice spots were taken so this and I put them to go into a further reaches because it is. Them insulation it's possible although the initial function for these of these further like structures is not 100 percent known so they may have actually function but as insulation vehemence but also where we find them on these well preserved specimens they're actually quite patchy along the body so they're not operating they're not presented on the animals as being a complete covering to keep them warm but these patchy distribution suggests that maybe what they were being used for was actually communication but they could have actually had color cells in them and they could have function as a form of display Thanks Tracy now and this question is coming from Paul this is very geological he wants to know why mountains pointy you think it's a chick great question so once you've had some kind of rock uplift the shape of a mountain is simply controlled by the principles that erosion at a particular Gotti said generate pointy peaks or is there more formally known pair middle peaks you have a process whereby you have 3 or more places which are diverging from a central point and the importance of gravity and this is behind the parent and this is given as such iconic peaks as the Matterhorn Mont Blanc Mount Everest and conceptually this is how most people view mountains it's not in their mind's eye they see these parents have I should point out that not all mountains are pointy just saying at least adopted homeland of course South Africa if you go to Cape Town you see a very famous Flat Top Mountain It's called Table Mountain for obvious reason absolutely How did that happen it's a wonderfully named so Table Mountain is composed of flat lying sedimentary rocks and is actually kept by a particular resistant type as a branch you are called a court site and so I happen to here is that you get erosion that preferentially well as out underneath the top line quite tight which leads to sort of failure at the edges see a steep sided cliffs and a flat lying top and talking point to things pyramidal in structure those is your bag isn't it Megan how did that she come up with the shape of the pyramids does it what was their inspiration do we know it said the idea is there in one particular creation myth of an ancient Egypt the. Egypt evolved from this mound of earth that came up from this watery void of chaos called noon and this and regional mound of earth is thought to have been shaped similar to a paramedic and so the idea is that pyramids are a way of recreating that original sort of mound of creation thank you very much you're welcome now Jason this question has been sent by James is it common to find different sets of Don's opens next week either or can just assume that from