Knee injuries the Liverpool in Egypt striker Mohammed has kept a sparkling 2800 for club and country by winning the prestigious B.B.C. African Footballer of the Year award for the 2nd time in a row he says it's a great feeling and I'd like to win it again next year a remarkable 5 goal flurry in just 14 minutes or Livingston beat Hearts 5 nil in the Scottish Premiership West Brom and now 3rd in the Championship after a $21.00 win at Sheffield United in the Championship in rugby's European Champions Cup in Exeter picked up bonus point victories over Scarlets and Gloucester respectively all sprays lost $123.00 at start from say in the Challenge Cup and cycling's Track World Championships in London women won gold in the team pursuit with Laura Kenny Katie Archibald Ellie Dickinson and the EVANS This is B.B.C. Radio 5 Live on digital B.B.C. Sound Smart speaker. The weather breaks the brain today will push into Northern Ireland parts of wealth in southwest England freezing rain will bring icy conditions to central and northern England and South and Scotland. Money Premier League football then anyone else likes this is a 3 close call in 3 days life through Wimbley. First is nearly as well as updates from the realm of the sports face easy all football station and this. And this is up or not on 5 Live from Dawson added coming up in a moment we'll bring you news from the climate change conference in Poland later on in this hour we'll hear about the plight of the mall Deaves the islands in the which are most likely to suffer a direct impact of climate change or at least of the sea level rising. Also 50 years ago this month humans 1st left Earth sadness fair and headed to the moon. Apollo 8 we'll talk more about that later on we're going to talk about a film that last less than 30 seconds it is now been inaugurated into the. Film Hall of Famer worry they call it the United Sates 32nd clip but this is from a 998 and what is shown on the film is remarkable even for today but even more so for its time will tell you more. Personally gauche Asians at the climate conference in Poland have been extended delegates from almost 200 countries are trying to find consensus but how to tackle rising temperatures in accordance with the Paris Agreement which comes into force in 2020 progress has been made but there are problems over the question of compensating poorer countries for the damage caused by climate change Richard nations are resisting attempts to make them legally liable for causing climate change Gareth Redmond King is head of climate change W W F U K He's in Warsaw and is attending the talks and I asked him what's been achieved over. The stage what's been achieved because there are there are they. All agree. So in different meeting rate. Education. So to some extent those of us who are wrong kind of you know members of government from central to the talks were kind of saying draft various stages of having to judge by a landslide in France on the basis of that but all that being said what we have seen in the last few hours looks reasonable reason because. It looks as the countries involved in this recognizing the science of all this the I.P.C.C. Published a report last month that made clear just how serious the impacts of climate change are at one and a half to 300. 2 degrees for you know figure and just time point is to try and keep temperature rises to one half to 3 looks like that's being recognized and it looks as the countries are committing to greater ambition on climate change what's really important the countries Great these talks as well is the rules of how they operate the parse agreement they all signed off the purse strings 3 years ago at this talks they need to agree the rule to how to walk to why the when how and missions reductions are measured how they are accounted for so there are aspects of that that are still a bit troubling I think probably enough to make the tires agreement but we might still need to bit more work on the rule book further down the line so it's listen reasonably positive it's not yet clear whether countries are committing to enough in terms of the money. Is needed to help the most vulnerable countries in the world to deal with the impacts of climate change that will become clearer when we see the full text like I think is how these tools will be defined in the future you know Tyreese says go it's definition it is definition so how will these tools be regarded later on I mean what we're looking for what we hope these were when when people look back at least talks is that they say that. You know I think the cast of the play called was Ready where countries really stepped up to the plate on the parents agreements it's on one level as parents is really hard and it's a huge deal for everyone to sign up but that was the problem and this is the point now 3 years on where actually those countries need to kind of step up and turn the process of turning that promise into reality and they need to connect to the ambition so that in 2 years' time when they come back in 2020 cars which we very much hope will be hosting the K. They are committing to enough climate action to keep warm it's one and a half degrees at the moment we're on track to 3 degrees so we really hope is that this is the ambition Cup I'm sure you are aware that the mood to use Representatives doesn't seem to be impressive these climate change is so important and so. Yeah and understandably so progress has been slow it's been difficult and there's been a sense certainly halfway through the talks there was a sense of some of the bigger countries and some of the countries of the past a little bit more reliance on the economy is a bit more reliance on fossil fuels with honey getting in the way but since then the 2nd week of the leaders of the champions have stepped in to place and and the climate vulnerable countries you know the low lying low lying low lying island states like from all these have also stepped up and just being really really clear about the impact of. Stake here and they really have such you know they have such moral authority because they are on the frontline of climate change and I think that has really helped push things along as well in the last few days but you know expressing that frustration and anger given how existential it is for a country like Maltese is really important and talks like this actually progress at the site to what extent to what extent these talks overshadowed by the fact that the president one of the main pleasing countries is Mr Trump of course the elephant in the room if you like I mean I haven't guessed. I was going to say is a climate change skeptic to what extent are these talks overshadowed by the fact that you know you're not going to get much change from the United States on this. I mean. The United States is still a party to pass a grievance and they are for another another couple of years and we stayed in the end and so that part of the talks there was that was the conversation of the weekend I mentioned before. But it's a bit of a sideshow really at the end of the day all the other countries are in the room pushing from question. Exactly signed up and you know they they have been pushing on a strong rulebook for pirates so they have been playing an active and constructive part in these talks and the other thing to say of course in in the U.S. Is that there are as I covered the numbers the same like. Thousands of cities states companies organizations and of course millions of citizens who have very clearly stood up and said Well we are still and we are still in Paris we are still in tackling climate change and we are still taking action so there is still an awful lot happening in the United States tackle climate change Gareth Redmond King Day head of climate change W W F U K A U.S. Federal court in Texas has ruled that Barack Obama's health care reforms is unconstitutional judge read a corner in Fort Worth said Obamacare had been invalidated by a change in tax laws which eliminated a penalty for not having health insurance with us is all because of that side David Willetts David just remind us what Obamacare is. The Affordable Care Act as is known Doughton came into being in 2010 and as well as the goal of health care for all it also set in place certain protections including protections for people with so-called preexisting conditions and those of the people who had previously either been declined health care coverage or were forced to pay very high premiums for the privilege therefore the bill Care Act has proved highly popular last year more than 11000000 Americans in rolled in it is for a similar number were possibly on course to do so for next year and despite their bizarre opposition to it and the fact that they have the majority currently in both houses of Congress Republicans have failed in their attempts to repeal it and what's been said to no. Well a federal judge in Texas today sided with an argument that was put forward by representatives of a coalition of Republican leaning states and that that contention is that changes in U.S. Tax laws that were brought into effect last year eliminate the penalty for not having health insurance and thus rendered that part a key part of the Affordable Care Act unconstitutional and thus the act itself invalid this I have to say does not mark the end of the matter the end of the line for the fordable Care Act Here a coalition of Democrat leaning states is expected to contest the ruling and ultimately this is likely to go all the way to the highest court in the land the United States Supreme Court any response from the president some people may remember the he even on the campaign throve resume totally against Obamacare as he said it's all on this ruling Well needless to say you're absolutely right he's welcome this decision by this federal judge in Texas calling it good news for America and the White House in a statement also called on Congress to come up with an affordable health care system that also protects people with preexisting conditions and yet as I mentioned they've struggled to find a good replacement for it in the past and the fear I think on the part of supporters of the Affordable Care Act And there are many is that America could without it go back to the days when what about 20 percent of the population here had no health care insurance at all David thank you very much David Willis there there is. Amazing piece of film that I've been watching over and over again can't get enough of it so any 30 seconds long 30 seconds long but it's from 1898 well shot but that's not what's really remarkable about it it's just being inducted into the American Library of Congress National Film Registry this is you know I don't know this is the equivalent us suppose of having a book deposited in the British Library over here it's been inducted into the Library of Congress alongside films like Jurassic Park My Fair Lady and Brokeback Mountain all of those of course big money earners in the books office but this 32nd clip that was only recently discovered 3 years ago in fact from 8098 is. Cher is the owner We've all of those great films look let me introduce our guest it's all about it because they might be able to put some more meat into this conversation this footage is getting recognition thanks to the detective work of University of Southern California archivist Dino Everett who's with us hello Dana hello and University of Chicago historian Allison Nadia fields who's an expert on African American cinema Allison good morning good morning. Tests have you both here now do you know 1st of all how did you discover this film how did it come to your attention well we get calls from time to time where people come across film and they're not really film collectors and so they find an archive and they call and say hey I've got this film I want to like get rid of it and that's how it came to us and ironically it came in a garbage bag inside of a box. And it was just a bunch of film thrown in it and mixed in with the other film was something good how did you know it was good. Well. I think just being an archivist and being in tune with sort of important characteristics that you could see on a piece of film I saw some some signs on the edge of the film that clued me in it was very old and obviously the depiction of the couple being that it was very old immediately made me think it was really important and this is would you describe what happens in this film and the couple that Deno is talking about. It's really remarkable So it starts with them it's a it's a man and a woman well dressed and stage Costin's and they began kissing and then they prologue part and he pulls her back in and they kiss again and then she kind of quietly shakes her head and he pulls their back and they they kiss 4 times in the film which is really amazing and 30 seconds less than 30 seconds and they're just having fun they have a lot of joy they feel very natural there seems to be genuine affection between them it's not staged it feels really improvised and even though it's a performance and they're clearly performers they're just very natural and is unlike anything either do you know where I had seen an early cinema this isn't really a performance because. I mean the way they kiss is you say for those who are listening this is what we would call snogging Actually it's more than just a little bit more than kissing if you know oh yeah. I just can't even though they dress in what looks like a stage costumes the expression on their faces suggest they move into the you will legislate and you know their dance partners and you can see how comfortable they are with one another's bodies and they were in a dance revue together and they were used to performing together and they cheat out of the camera there they're very cognizant that the cameras in front of them and that they are being recorded but there is this kind of improvised sense to it that is a little more impromptu than what you would imagine a performance would you know he's got he's got an extensive look on his face and she only mildly plays the coil I made and I think. OK So what happened next you know once she realized that this was a gem because there is a context to this it will come to the moment once she realized it was a Jim what happened then what did you do. Yeah well since I'm. As a film archivist my expertise is really on the physical piece of film itself once I sort of decided OK this is old and important I reached out to Allie because I knew her expertise was in the early African-American set of US so I wanted to reach out to her to find out you know specifically is this a film that's already out there you know and if not. How can we find out exactly what film this is because those early films you know they don't have titles on them . But it was a credibly well shot for a C. $98.00 I know said the lawyer does go a lot you know go for it but the it's remarkably well shot this looks it looks clearer and sharper than some of the big Hollywood movies from the sun here it does really to me I agree but it's in great shape and like great as an incredible medium as long as it's properly preserved it can holds the image quality incredibly well so well as you research told you Alison about what the origins of this for my have been the context of the why do so as you can see so just seeing the context of it being free bit is there any precedence to explain what's going on there yes so we did you were pretty sure right away that this was some kind of parody and the very famous John Rice may Irwin kiss which was filmed by Addison and $896.00 it was one of the 1st films publicly exhibited It's a landmark in American film is totn every film class and it's it's something that was very much in the cultural currency of time and it led to a kind of string of versions that were takeoffs about film and so this was clearly one of those. And so we started looking through catalogs and sure enough there were several titles that indicated that there were parodies or burlesque mayor and kissed but with black performers but the catalogs were very misleading and we combined that kind of. Research into the material evidence that you know was talking about about the physical characteristics of the cell with what detective work we could do around surviving papers and the paper trail so film catalogs archived inventories and even the Sears catalog which sold C.-Leg films which is how we dated at 89. It turns out it was a film that was shot in Chicago by William C. Late who was the owner of the C.L.A. Polly Scott company and he had actually been a manager minstrel shows including working with George Walker and Bert Williams the most famous Minstrels of the time and he was plugged into the black performing community and Chicago and I believe that's what they were doing there that they at the same time as they shot this film they filmed cake walk film which also survives and I think this was done a little bit on the side as a kind of impromptu parody of the mayor when film I'm looking at the Mayo we kid yeah it's really different and a very very different I hope your listeners are going to live because it is it is ubiquitous and they it's very stagey they kiss very chase. And it is not the kind passionate you know love will humorous kiss that are performers have. But the performers we know we discovered a little bit about them they were fairly well known and not super famous Chicago based performers named Gurley Brown and Saint subtle and Saint Sato was a ragtime composer and songwriter he was known for performing kind of high class characters. And gritty Brown became a performer with the Pekin stock company in Chicago which was the 1st black on musical and Bob Bill theater in the country about a decade after this was filmed so these were you know working performers in Chicago and then that Midwest Did you know do you know this was a parody did you know the regional food I understand is talking about did you immediately recognize the comparison. Yeah absolutely because I mean just by chance I also happen to have. A bootleg kiss that I think was made by this other company called lube and so I'm definitely very familiar with the case so but one thing that strikes me on this it is bit of all this is a provably don't understand this is a social context of this new film why new I say from 89. To 70 Do we could anything yes you know what it was and as you know say these films were named on the films themselves but they were sold with terms that would indicate to exhibitors what the subject matter was so they were sold with identifying titles and this was called something good negro kiss something and so it identifies the film as a need for a pass but some think it is doing something interesting in the title and I think it's indicating to exhibitors that this is not tawdry that it's actually you know quite charming and that it's something that a family could could say. And it's really the significance of it is you know kissing between African-Americans and cinema at all is incredibly rare up until about the 1970 S. So we have as you say the snogging. But it's so different from all the representation that we have of African-Americans on cinema at this time I mean it was not American cinema was not hospitable to African-Americans they were frequently represented in demeaning racist caricature hours and this couple they're not the butt of any joke they're not the punch line they are being you know human beings expressing joy and love and that's you know we can't underestimate the power of the film simple assertion of just black humanity so how did they get away with that in a consensus where most filming of African Americans was done from a. Negro. Phobic necessarily but. Exploitative. Point of View anyone caught Suzy that Imation is well I've seen some of the moral